Plön Castle
The Plön Castle in Plön is one of the largest castles in Schleswig-Holstein and the only one preserved there at high altitude. The former residence of the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Plön was built in the 17th century during the Thirty Years' War and experienced an eventful history during which the castle also served as a cadet school and boarding school.
Last in the possession of the state of Schleswig-Holstein, the castle had to be sold due to a necessary renovation that could not be financed by the state. Since January 2002 it has belonged to the "Fielmann Akademie Schloss Plön" and, after extensive restructuring, serves as a training and qualification facility for the optics industry . After the castle was not open to the public for many years due to the boarding school, the new owner reopened it to visitors to a limited extent.
History of the castle
Prehistory of the castle grounds
The first Vagrian castle fortification called Plune came from the 10th century and was on the island of Olsborg in the Plöner See. The complex was destroyed in 1139. The castle was rebuilt under Count Adolf II von Schauenburg and Holstein and served as a base during the colonization of the once Slavic area. In 1173 the castle was relocated to the Bischofsberg next to the Plön area - in the place of today's Plön Castle. In the 12th century, Plön slowly developed into a market location and received city rights in 1239. From 1290 to 1390 the Höhenburg was the seat of the Schauenburg line of Holstein-Plön and after its extinction came into the possession of the Schleswig Duke Gerhard VI. The small fortress came to the Danish royal family four generations later via the Dukes of Schleswig ( Christian I was Duke of Schleswig and King of Denmark in personal union ). However, Plön and its castle did not play a significant role in the country's history during this time.
In the course of the feud between Lübeck and Denmark , the castle was burned down during an attack by the Lübeckers in 1534 and then a first, larger new building was erected on the castle grounds, which in part still originated from the Romanesque . In 1564, King Frederick II of Denmark transferred a third of his share to Schleswig and Holstein to his brother Johann the Younger , disregarding the Treaty of Ribe , with which the brother established the divided duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg . Plön and the castle also belonged to his property. Under the early mercantilist Duke Johann, the city and castle experienced an economic boom. After Johann's death in 1622, the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg was divided among the six male heirs and new partial duchies were created; one of them was the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Plön .
Residence of the Dukes of Plön
The first duke of this line was Joachim Ernst von Schleswig-Holstein-Plön , the second youngest son of Duke Johann. On the occasion of his wedding to the Gottorf Princess Dorothea Augusta, the new sovereign decided to build a representative castle for himself and his family. The construction was financed, among other things, by the bride's considerable dowry . In 1632 the old castle of Plön was demolished at the order of the duke and the present castle was built in its place in the Renaissance style. The new residence was completed in just three years amid the Thirty Years War .
The castle was the residence of the ducal family, but it did not become as important a place in state politics as Gottorf Castle . Since the Dukes of Plön owned other castles and summer residences, such as the castle in Traventhal and the castles in Ahrensbök , Rethwisch and Reinfeld , the Plön residence was not continuously inhabited. Nevertheless, the building was one of the cultural centers of the duchy. Joachim Ernst founded a library in the castle, which his successors expanded to up to 10,000 volumes. In addition, the duke was very interested in physics and optics and collected various optical devices and measuring instruments in the Plön residence. After Duke Joachim Ernst, the castle was used by his son Hans Adolf , who, however, as a general in the emperor's service, rarely stayed in Plön and was largely represented in the duchy by his wife and mother. Joachim Friedrich , who followed Hans Adolf , also resided here. After he died in debt without male heirs in 1722, the castle stood empty for seven years and some of the furnishings were handed over to his creditors.
The palace experienced its cultural heyday under the last Duke Friedrich Karl from 1729. He ran a baroque court and had the interior furnished in the Rococo style . Friedrich Karl expanded the complex to include the buildings of the palace square, the stables and the riding house, as well as the garden palace, which is now known as the Prince's House . The palace was the residence of the Plön dukes until the death of Friedrich Karl, who died without a male heir in 1761. With his death the fiefdom expired and the duchy returned to the Danish royal family. His wife Christiane Armgardis lived in the building as a widow's residence until her death in 1779. It then served as the seat of the bailiff and from 1777 to 1823 as the residence for the mentally deranged son of Friedrich August I of Oldenburg , Peter Friedrich Wilhelm . The young man, incapacitated from his ducal duties, received the castle from his guardian, the Danish King Christian VII , and was allowed to dispose of a large court here. After his death, the use of the palace as a courtly residence came to a temporary end. From 1833 a school of scholars was established.
Danish summer residence
From 1840 the castle was the official summer residence of the Danish King Christian VIII. The Plön Castle was renovated and the furnishings were partly renewed in the classicism style. At that time, it also got the white plaster , reminiscent of Danish castles such as Gravenstein and Fredensborg .
Cadet Institute and Napola
After the German-Danish War of 1864, the castle came into Prussian possession. In 1868 the interior was removed and mostly brought to Kiel Castle , where it burned after an air raid in 1942. The interior of Plön Castle was rebuilt like a barracks and then served as a cadet institute in the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein . The sons of the German Emperor Wilhelm II received their education in Plön from the end of the 19th century, and for this purpose the pleasure palace in the garden was expanded into the so-called Prinzenhaus, a teaching farm was set up on the Princes' Island and the newly laid railway line was set up in front of the palace the Prinzenbahnhof built. At the suggestion of Empress Auguste Viktoria , the palace chapel received a new painting.
After the First World War , the military schools were banned by the Treaty of Versailles , and the castle served as a state educational institution (Stabila) from 1920 . From 1933, Plön Castle and the area around it were used as a National Political Educational Institution (officially: NPEA, colloquially: Napola) like the former cadet institutions in Potsdam and Köslin for an “elite school” of the National Socialists . The Napola in Plön was the first of its kind when it opened on May 1, 1933 and was named after the SA leader Ernst Röhm . After his assassination in 1934, it was renamed NPEA Plön . The school was headed by the former police major Hermann Brunk, who now carried the rank of SA standard leader. The Napola closed on April 23, 1945, before the British took it.
In 1945 Karl Dönitz stayed in Plön for a few days, who maintained a command post that was set up at short notice. Before fleeing to Flensburg - Mürwik , the castle was the administrative seat of parts of the Dönitz government for one day on May 2, 1945 . The castle survived both world wars without war-related destruction. Afterwards, British occupation troops in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg , grouped together in the VIII British Army Corps under General Evelyn Barker , took their headquarters in the castle.
Boarding school
The Plön high school has always been in the castle and was called Kaiserin-Augusta-Viktoria-Gymnasium until 1933 . In the post-war period , the state boarding school at Schloss Plön was set up for boys and girls in 1946 with the approval of the British military government . The boarding school extended over the entire castle grounds. The castle itself was used to house the male students, the prince's house for the female students. The administration moved into the boathouse and other outbuildings. The lessons took place in the neighboring boarding school Schloss Plön , today's Gymnasium Schloss Plön , on Prinzenstrasse.
Its use as a residential building left its mark on the old castle building, which was increasingly in need of renovation. Expert opinions from 1986/1988 showed that the plant had a high investment requirement and could only be saved from deterioration with double-digit million amounts. As early as 1992, the aim was to sell the castle and from 1995 the outbuildings were sold. The sale became necessary because the country was not in a position to carry out a renovation of the house in accordance with the listed buildings in addition to the uneconomical operation of the boarding school. In 2001 the boarding school was closed. The former students, teachers and employees are still organized in the Butenplöner Association today.
Film set
During boarding school days , the castle served as a film set several times, for example in 1969 in the film Seven Days Deadline a . a. with Joachim Fuchsberger and Horst Tappert and from 1997 in the television series Die Schule am See , which was shown on ARD . The boarding school students often played as extras in the series. The castle played a similar, albeit brief, role in the 1994 film Charlie & Louise , Joseph Vilsmaier's adaptation of Erich Kästner's novel Das doppelte Lottchen .
Sale and renovation of the castle
After several unsustainable plans for the castle, an offer was made by the optical company Fielmann . The possible sale to Fielmann was controversially discussed in the Schleswig-Holstein state parliament. After submitting a comprehensive plan of use, which also provided for public participation in the castle, the sale was finally approved. The castle was sold to the non-profit "Fielmann Academy" in 2002 for a purchase price of 3.6 million euros. Günther Fielmann reported:
- When we took over the castle in 2002, it was in a deplorable condition. The generous baroque corridors were converted into student rooms with lightweight walls, the floor plan and the sequence of rooms could no longer be experienced, advanced structural damage everywhere you looked.
Over a period of four years, the facility was repaired in accordance with the preservation standards. The total costs for this amounted to more than 35 million euros, the state funded the project with 11.8 million euros. With the renovation, the castle became a modern training center, which, taking into account its historical importance, can again play a public role.
Academy and current use
Work on the castle was completed in 2006, and after several days of opening celebrations, it was fully operational as an educational facility. After the master classes had already started in the construction phase in 2002, the ophthalmic optics / optometry course with the Europe-wide recognized Bachelor of Science degree has been offered in cooperation with the Lübeck University of Applied Sciences since the winter semester 2005/2006 . In addition, trainees in the optician trade are trained and seminars are held for specialists and managers. The academy is open to the entire optical industry. More than 6,000 opticians are to be qualified and 45,000 participant days held each year. 13 lecturers currently teach here. On the occasion of the reopening, Günter Fielmann said:
- Plön Castle is not a museum, but a lively educational institution under monument protection.
Today the palace is mostly used by the academy. Some of the ducal state rooms in the east wing with rococo furnishings have been extensively restored and can be viewed as part of guided tours by appointment. The castle is also made available for various public and semi-public events. For example, the Schleswig-Holstein cultural committee met in the Rittersaal , the SPD invited to a conference of officials and the ZDF television council held a conference. A rental for the G8 summit in 2007 was also under discussion. The knight's hall is also a frequent venue for classical concerts.
Buildings
Castle building
Building description
The Plön Castle combines several special features: It is one of the few significant large buildings from the time of the Thirty Years War , it is the only preserved castle in Schleswig-Holstein in high altitude and it is considered the first castle in Germany to have a conscious reference to the surrounding area Landscape received. The location on the castle hill is chosen for purely representative and not for fortification reasons. The courtyard terrace with a view of the Plön lake landscape is a dominant component and the focal point of the building ensemble, the sober facades are primarily designed to look from a distance. The castle can be seen from far away from the countryside or from Lake Plön. It was planned as a pure residential palace and has no fortifications such as walls, ramparts or bastions . The building was constructed in just three years from 1633 to 1636. The drafts probably came directly from Duke Joachim Ernst, who based the simple facades on the Habsburg models of the Linz Castle and the Escorial .
The mighty building stems from a stylistic transition period: at a time when Renaissance art was still alive in the country, characteristic features of the approaching baroque were already incorporated into the new palace. It is a three-wing complex around a courtyard with a horseshoe-shaped floor plan that opens to the south to the Großer Plöner See. The largest wing of the building is the centrally located north wing, which is joined by the shorter side wings in the east and west. The three-storey castle has very little architectural decoration, its facades are clearly structured and the most striking decoration is a wreath of gables that surrounds the outside and the courtyard facades. The roof of the main building is adorned by two lantern-like ridge turrets, and a clock tower above the central gable of the courtyard was demolished in 1789. From the time of the cadet institute there is a stair tower on the outer wall of the east and west wing in the shape of the neo-renaissance from the 19th century. The castle stands on a base made of field stones and is made of the brick that was preferred in Schleswig-Holstein at the time . The outer fronts were originally covered with a brown-red brick slurry; so the brick walls were not exposed - as previously assumed. The roof was covered with red pans. It received the white plastering that is visible today and the gray slate roofs in the middle of the 19th century.
The Plön Residence is the second largest castle in the state, only Gottorf Castle is larger . The Plön Castle District is the only largely preserved castle complex from the construction work of the Plön dukes. Their other residences, hunting seats and summer castles in Ahrensbök , Reinfeld , Rethwisch and Traventhal were gradually demolished from the end of the 18th century due to a lack of interest on the part of the Danish royal family.
The structure of the castle followed the usual order at the time: The rooms on the ground floor were used for the administration of the duchy (there were also four prison cells under the west wing), and the castle kitchen and servants' rooms were also housed here. The first floor was used by the ducal children, while the second floor was occupied by the duke and his wife and also contained the representative rooms. Under the roof there were other rooms for the servants. The interior was originally divided into a duke's wing in the east and the duchess' wing in the west - although this structure was not permanently retained. A central ballroom already refers to baroque spatial arrangements, as well as two symmetrically existing shaft staircases, which replaced the stair towers that were still common in the country at that time. The palace chapel was given its room on the ground floor of the east wing.
Use as an academy
The main part of the palace is now occupied by the academy. In addition to the actual training and study rooms, conference rooms and optical laboratories were also set up. There are 123 guest rooms on the castle grounds, most of them in the west wing of the castle. A company restaurant has been opened to cater for the training guests. The building was given two handicapped-accessible elevators in the vicinity of the historic shaft stairwells.
Restored castle rooms
Due to the fact that it has been used by third parties for centuries, little of the castle's original fittings has been preserved. Some of the furniture and paneling in the rooms, which were decorated in the Rococo style in the 18th century, were handed over to the State Museum around 1930; they are now put together as the so-called Plön Hall in Gottorf Castle , where they represent the 18th century style in the duchies.
Since the castle was not only intended to be used as a training center, but also to be made accessible to the public again, several of its historic rooms and halls were reconstructed. Some rooms - the ducal parade rooms - were largely restored true to the original, while for other rooms - such as the garden or the knight's hall - compromises had to be found between an almost historical furnishing and modern use. As the furniture in the palace has largely been lost, the rooms were supplemented by a stylistically appropriate inventory from private collections and public loans.
Gallery and garden room
Two portals, which are located at the corners to the west and east wings, as well as the middle main portal, lead into the gallery, a long corridor that connects both side wings. The gallery is directly connected to the neighboring garden hall via an arcade and is furnished with furniture from the 18th and 19th centuries.
The garden hall had to be completely rebuilt during the restoration of the palace. Even at the time of the Dukes of Plön there was a garden room here, from which one could enter the unreconstructed garden ground floor behind it through large French doors . After the castle lost its old function as a residence, the room was rebuilt and given other functions through inserted partition walls. At the time of boarding school there were washrooms and shower rooms here. Today's room follows the original garden salon in its dimensions, but nothing of its former decoration is left. The garden hall serves as a reception room for the academy and thus fulfills a purpose that is not just representative. The furnishings and tapestries come from Günther Fielmann's private collection. Furthermore, there are paintings that depict the dukes of Plön and that were part of the castle's former furnishings.
Knight hall
The knight's hall was originally the baroque ballroom in the middle wing of the palace. At 12 × 26 meters, it is the largest room in the castle and is located between the staircases in the middle of the upper floor, the entire depth of which it occupies. Its wooden barrel vault extends to the top floor. It is lit on each side of the central building through seven lower and three upper windows in the rows of gables.
The hall got its current name in the 19th century when the palace was used as a summer residence for the Danish royal family. There was never a knighthood in Plön Castle, the name is based on the knight halls in Danish castles. The current furnishings roughly correspond to those under Christian VIII. It is a sparsely decorated festival room with classicist motifs. At the front of the hall there are music galleries , the large chandeliers were made from old models for the knight's hall. There is no longer any furniture of its own; instead, pieces from the Günther Fielmann collection are also on display here. Modern seating is also available for public events.
Ducal parade rooms
The suite of ducal state rooms is located on the second floor of the east wing. They are one of the few rooms in the castle in which remains of the former furnishings can still be found. They initially were intended to representation and were not inhabited usually en filade strung parade room , where receptions and audiences took place. As part of the conversion of the palace into an academy, the rooms were restored and stylistically contemporary furnishings were added. The rooms date from the reign of Duke Friedrich Karl and are largely furnished in the Rococo style. Today they are the highlight of the castle tours and convey a picture of the castle in the 18th century.
The ducal anteroom is the first room in the baroque suite of rooms; it was once used as a waiting room. Here is the castle's only preserved stucco ceiling , which dates back to the 17th century. The overhangs show representations of the Plön residence from the 18th century and, like the large mirror, belong to the original furnishings of the palace. The large kiln in faience technology is the work of a Kiel workshop and was made available to Plön Castle as a permanent loan from the Hamburg Museum of Art and Commerce . The niche in which it is located was designed by Bartholomeo Bossi, who was also responsible for the stuccoing of the garden house.
In the 18th century, Plön also orientated itself towards the French court ceremonial , which provided for different preferences for different social ranks. The small audience room behind the anteroom was once used to receive people of lower rank. During the restoration of the castle, the original colors of the panels were exposed and re-gilded. The silk wallpaper was newly made for this room based on a template from the 18th century. The furniture shown here also comes from the Günther Fielmanns collection. The large mirror secretary comes from a workshop in Altona .
The ducal bedroom completes the parade rooms. It served as a second reception hall for socially superior guests. This, too, followed the French ceremonial, in which receptions in the bedroom were the order of the day. It is the most elaborate room in the suite, and the most striking ornament is a large alcove in which the bed is located. The bed niche, decorated in cheerful rococo shapes, has survived the years in the castle almost unscathed, so during the time of the boarding school the music room was housed in this room and the place of the bed was taken by a grand piano . The magnificent bed itself is not an original piece of furniture in the palace, but is similar in style and construction to a four-poster bed that used to exist here.
The ducal library is a bit apart from the baroque suite of rooms and was used to store Duke Friedrich Karls book collections. The volumes were once located behind the original panels in wall cupboards and were auctioned after 1763. Above the doors of the library room there are slogans in Latin that refer to the instructive meaning of the room: Curis curarum suavi levamento - for pleasant relief and healing of worries and Delectando pariterque docendo - joyful and instructive.
Castle chapel
The chapel is located in the east wing of the palace and its floor level extends into the basement. It is a two-aisled room, divided into two bays by a central pillar , which has been located here since the castle was built. At the time of the educational institution, a false ceiling was put in and the hall was no longer recognizable in its original form. During boarding school it was used as a bicycle storage room. The upper floor created by the false ceiling served as a so-called remter for student assemblies. In the course of the castle renovation, the chapel was restored, to which the German Foundation for Monument Protection contributed 75,000 euros. With the restoration, the chapel hall was given back the shape of the 19th century, when it was decorated with historicist paintings at the instigation of Empress Auguste Viktoria in 1897 . The castle chapel is not currently used as a place of worship and there is neither an altar nor an organ in it. It is part of the guided tours and is occasionally used for concerts.
Behind the chapel is the castle's crypt, in which thirteen sarcophagi from the time of the Plön dukes have survived. The most elaborate tomb is the rococo-shaped coffin of Duke Friedrich Karl from 1766 from a workshop in Copenhagen.
Palace Square and Outbuildings
West of the Schlossberg once were the buildings of the bailey . This farm yard was destroyed by a large fire in 1745, which created the conditions for the construction of a riding arena. The adjoining buildings such as the Marstall and the large riding arena originate from the time and the need for representation of Duke Friedrich Karl and together with some other buildings form today's Schlossplatz. An underground car park has been located under the area that was used by the 19th century cadet institute as a parade ground since the castle was rebuilt.
The swimming pool, an Art Nouveau building from 1908, is located directly below the palace. Originally built by the sons of Kaiser Wilhelm as a swimming and sports pool, it retained this function even during boarding school days. The swimming pool was closed in 1994 before the boarding school ended, and the building was then renovated. The former bathing hall and the other rooms now serve the city of Plön as a cultural forum for changing exhibitions, and a gastronomic establishment has also found its place here.
South of the castle driveway is the so-called commander's villa , the home of the commander of the cadet institute. The building in the historicist forms of the neo-renaissance was erected from 1895 to 1897 and its design is based on the stair towers of the 19th century at the castle. After its renovation, the commander's villa now houses apartments.
The elongated Marstall was built by Johann Gottfried Rosenberg from 1745 to 1750 and is considered to be the most artistically valuable building of its kind in Schleswig-Holstein. The late Baroque building, made of exposed brick, offered space for 56 horses and the sculpture decoration also refers to this purpose. During the time of the boarding school, the stables served as a gym; today it houses the classrooms, secretariat and library of the master school. To the right of the Marstall is the former hospital . The building, built from brick in the Wilhelmine style in 1896/97 , served the cadet institution as a hospital. Today it also houses privately used apartments.
The riding house at the western end of the square - sometimes also called the watch house because of the clock in the gable field - probably also comes from Rosenberg. The wide building with a high central projection , erected in 1746, was originally used for tournaments and other equestrian events. The building was rebuilt in 1892 and apartments were installed inside. After renovation, the house is currently used as an information center for the Holstein Switzerland Nature Park and presents various exhibitions on the subject of nature in Schleswig-Holstein.
More buildings
The so-called gatehouse is located on the palace terrace, in front of the east wing . The small villa from 1895 was the residence of the castle porter, who controlled the main entrance to the cadet academy from here. Upstairs the building located rooms that were as lockup were used. The house housed a gallery. There is now a café and a bar here.
park
Today's park of the palace emerged from several previous gardens that were laid out over the centuries and later neglected. The castle's first garden was located directly below the castle hill. The southern slope was laid out as a vineyard after construction began on the residence, using the hillside gardens of Villa d'Este in Tivoli as a model. This hillside garden existed until 1729. A garden ground floor on the north side of the castle, originally located in front of the garden hall, is also no longer available.
In the 18th century, a baroque garden was laid out to meet the need for representation of the time. Since the castle is located at a high altitude and is also surrounded on two sides by the city of Plön, it was not possible to plant a system designed for the castle as a central point. Instead, the area behind the riding arena was chosen as the location for the new park and this was aligned with a central pavilion, a Maison de Plaisance , which later became the Prince's House. The spacious garden was laid out on behalf of Duke Friedrich Karl by Georg Dietrich Tschierske from 1730 to 1748 and, along with the gardens in Jersbek and Eutin, was one of the most important gardens of the 18th century in Schleswig and Holstein. Tschierske also laid out the equally important park of the palace in Traventhal for the duke . The Plön garden consisted of ornamentally designed parterres in front of the garden house, which merged into a bosket zone in the further distance . The forest west of the park served as a hunting area and was opened up by the so-called seven star . This hunting star is still preserved today, but due to the tree growth of the past centuries, it can hardly be recognized as such.
After the end of the duchy, the garden became overgrown due to lack of care and was later partly used as a kitchen garden. In the 19th century, the landscape architect Christian Schaumburg redesigned the park into an English-style landscape garden in line with the fashion of the time . The large avenues of lime trees were not felled, they have been preserved to this day and frame the area of the otherwise lost baroque garden, the main features of which can still be seen from the air. In 1930 a sports track was built in the rear third of the park.
Prince house
The Prinzenhaus is a small pleasure palace , which, with its curved garden side and interior decorations by Bartolomeo Bossi, is one of the few Rococo buildings in Holstein. It was built from 1747 to 1751 by JG Rosenberg based on the model of the Falkenlust hunting lodge for Duke Friedrich Karl. At the end of the 19th century it was extended by three window axes on each side, the extensions were designed as flat protruding risalits . The house got its current name when it served as a school for his sons during the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II . During the First World War it housed a military hospital, and during the boarding school it served as a residence for the schoolgirls.
Concerts and similar events take place all year round in the Prinzenhaus. The registry office of the city of Plön also offers weddings in the garden or marble hall. The Prinzenhaus can be visited as part of regular guided tours.
literature
- Peter Hirschfeld: Mansions and castles in Schleswig-Holstein. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-422-00712-1 .
- Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments . Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-422-03033-6 .
- Ingo Bubert: manors, manors and castles in eastern Holstein. Sventana, 1995, ISBN 3-927653-09-8 .
- Margita Marion Meyer, Silke Kuhnigk: Preserve the Plön castle area. Garden monument preservation target planning for the Plön Castle Gardens. (= Architectural monuments in danger. 16, published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein). Kiel 1995.
- Deert Lafrenz: Plön Castle Area Cultural Monument - a swan song? In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 3/1996, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 30-36.
- Silke Hunzinger: Plön Castle. Residence - aristocratic poorhouse - educational institution. Plön 1997, ISBN 3-923457-41-3 .
- Adrian von Buttlar, Margita Marion Meyer (ed.): Historical gardens in Schleswig-Holstein. 2nd Edition. Boyens & Co., Heide 1998, ISBN 3-8042-0790-1 , pp. 472-484.
- Johannes Habich , Deert Lafrenz, Heiko KL Schulze, Lutz Wilde : Castles and manors in Schleswig-Holstein. L&H, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-928119-24-9 .
- Margita Marion Meyer: Round trip to castles and mansions in the cultural region KERN In: Kiel, Eckernförde, Rendsburg, Neumünster and Plön. Paperback for culture and travel. (= Sea air. ) 2, Verlag Christians Hans, Kiel 1999, ISBN 3-9332-0-5093 .
- Michael Paarmann: Saved! - Plön Prinzenhaus and Schlossgarten handed over to the German Foundation for Monument Protection. In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 7/2000, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 35-38.
- Ulrich Höhns: Marstall in Plön - from horse stable to design studio for automobiles. In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 10/2003, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 66-69.
- Silke Hunzinger, Berthold Köster: The restoration of the Plön Prinzenhaus. In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 11/2004, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 14-22.
- Holger Muhs, Henrike Schwarz: Preservation of monuments in the Plön Castle Gardens - a continuation of garden history through reinterpretation. In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 11/2004, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 23-31.
- Heiko KL Schulze The Plön Castle Chapel - discoveries prove its medieval origins. In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 11/2004, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 32-39.
- Eva von Engelberg-Dočkal: Culture Map Schleswig-Holstein. Discover culture a thousand times. , 2nd edition, Wachholtz-Verlag, Neumünster 2005, ISBN 3-5290-8006-3 .
- Silke Hunzinger, Berthold Köster: From the residence to the optician academy - the renovation of the Plön castle. In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 13/2006, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 88-96.
- Hans and Doris Maresch: Schleswig-Holstein's castles, manors and palaces. Husum Verlag, Husum 2006, ISBN 3-89876-278-5 .
- Birgid Löffler-Dreyer: On the restoration of the sarcophagi in the ducal tomb of the Plön Castle. In: Monument. Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. 14/2007, ISSN 0946-4549 , pp. 65-68.
- Silke Hunzinger: Princely pleasure gardens of the baroque in Schleswig-Holstein. In: Marion Bejschowetz-Iserhoht, Reiner Hering (Hrsg.): The order of nature. Historic gardens and parks in Schleswig-Holstein. Exhibition catalog Landesarchiv Schleswig (= publications of the Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein. 93). Hamburg University Press, Schleswig 2008, ISBN 978-3-931292-83-6 , pp. 79-90.
- Heiko KL Schulze: Plön Castle at the time of its creation - report on the new results of the building research of the State Office for Monument Preservation 2008. (PDF file; 282 kB)
Web links
- Fielmann Academy at Plön Castle
- Information about the Plön Castle with historical images
- Plön Prinzenhaus
- Friends of the Prinzenhaus and the Plön Castle Gardens
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
- Garden boards of the State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein (PDF; 360 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dates and events of this paragraph from J. Habich, D. Lafrenz, H. Schulze, L. Wilde: Schlösser und Gutsanlagen in Schleswig-Holstein. P. 146f.
- ↑ Plön Castle. Society for Schleswig-Holstein History. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
- ↑ Dates and events of this paragraph from J. Habich, D. Lafrenz, H. Schulze, L. Wilde: Schlösser und Gutsanlagen in Schleswig-Holstein. P. 147.
- ^ I. Bubert, HP Walter: manors, manors and castles in Schleswig-Holstein. P. 241.
- ↑ a b c d Dehio: Handbook of German art monuments. Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. P. 688.
- ↑ The tradition of optics, article on the castle's homepage .
- ^ Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. P. 688f.
- ^ I. Bubert, HP Walter: manors, manors and castles in Schleswig-Holstein. P. 245.
- ↑ Overview of the history on the castle homepage . The reign of Christian VIII is incorrectly given here to 1863.
- ^ National political educational institution in Plön (Napola). on the website of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History . Retrieved on May 13, 2020. To:
- ↑ History of the castle on geschichte-sh.de ( Memento of the original from July 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ club Butenplöner e. V. .
- ↑ Minutes of the Schleswig-Holstein state parliament of December 13, 2000. Accessed on May 13, 2020.
- ↑ Article about Günther Fielmann on the occasion of the opening of the palace and the academy ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Article on www.ndr.de about the reopening of the castle from October 7, 2006 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ PARROT MEDIA advertising agency: Lübeck University of Applied Sciences. In: www.fh-luebeck.de. Retrieved October 8, 2016 .
- ^ Article on Welt.de of September 25, 2006, on the occasion of the reopening of the castle .
- ↑ Article on www.ndr.de on March 16, 2006 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Contact details for visitors on the castle's homepage. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
- ^ Announcement by the Schleswig-Holstein newspaper publisher from March 18, 2008 on the occasion of the SPD functionaries' conference in Plön Castle. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
- ↑ message on LifePR at a meeting of the ZDF Television Council on 31 May 2007
- ^ Report of the Hamburger Abendblatt from November 17, 2006
- ↑ Presentation of the castle on Schleswig-Holstein.de ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ J. Habich, D. Lafrenz, H. Schulze, L. Wilde: Castles and manor complexes in Schleswig-Holstein. P. 144.
- ^ I. Bubert, HP Walter: manors, manors and castles in Schleswig-Holstein. P. 242.
- ↑ See Silke Hunzinger: Schloß Plön , Plön 1997, p. 109.
- ↑ All information on the building history from Dehios: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. P. 688f.
- ↑ Use of the castle as a court of law and prison
- ^ Description of the state rooms on the side of the castle .
- ↑ Information about the chapel on the castle homepage .
- ^ About the design of the garden: J. Habich, D. Lafrenz, H. Schulze, L. Wilde: Schlösser und Gutsanlagen in Schleswig-Holstein. P. 154f.
Coordinates: 54 ° 9 ′ 24 ″ N , 10 ° 24 ′ 50 ″ E
