Scuol

Scuol
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Graubünden (GR)
Region :	Engiadina Bassa / Val Müstair
BFS no. :	3762
Postal code :	7545 Guarda 7546 Ardez 7550 Scuol 7551 Ftan 7553 Tarasp 7554 Sent
UN / LOCODE :	CH SCU
Coordinates :	818622  /  187 062 coordinates: 46 ° 47 '56 "  N , 10 ° 18' 11"  O ; CH1903:  818622  /  187 062
Height :	1250  m above sea level M.
Height range :	1094–3312 m above sea level M.
Area :	438.61  km²
Residents:	4591 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	10 inhabitants per km²
Website:	www.scuol.net
Scuol
Location of the municipality

Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1947

Scuol in the Lower Engadine window

Scuol ( [ʃkuə̯l] ^{? / I} ; German Schuls ) is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa / Val Müstair region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . The place was called until 1943 officially Schuls, 1943-1970 Scuol / Scuol, since Scuol . The name Scuol comes from the Latin scopulus "cliff" and refers to the location of the San Geer church .  

Due to the vote of more than 80 percent for the community merger , Scuol merged with the five communities Ardez , Ftan , Guarda , Sent and Tarasp to form the new community Scuol on January 1, 2015 . As a result, it is now the largest municipality in Switzerland with an area of ​​439 square kilometers, replacing Glarus Süd . With almost 4700 inhabitants, it is also the largest Romansh municipality in the Graubünden.

coat of arms

Blazon : a black fountain bowl in gold with four blue-silver water jets.

The coat of arms symbolizes Scuol as an important seaside resort and was designed by simplifying the community seal. The four number of water jets stands for the various mineral springs in the municipality.

history

During excavations in 1963, the oldest remains of the settlement on the church hill were uncovered and dated to 1500 BC in the Bronze Age. The excavations of 1970 brought up evidence of a presumably Carolingian church, which burned down in 1258. At the beginning of the 16th century, the subsequent Romanesque building had become dilapidated and today's Gothic church was completed in 1516. Around 1530 the community converted to Protestantism. From 1621 the women were allowed to sit on the right in the church because they had been involved in the defense of the place against the attack under Alois Baldiron.

In Scuol, Eberhard von Tarasp founded the original convent of the Marienberg Abbey in the upper Vinschgau in 1089/96 , where the abandoned monastery was relocated from 1146.

In 1622, the Lower Engadine was once again made subject to the Habsburgs for a lease. After the Bündner turmoil, the area was bought free of the remaining Austrian rights in two contracts with Austria in 1649 and 1652.

geography

Scuol is the capital of the Lower Engadine and lies on the Inn . As in the whole of the Lower Engadine, the main language is Vallader ( Rhaeto-Romanic ), but the lingua franca is also Bündnerdeutsch . The place is divided into an upper village (Scuol Sura) and a lower village (Scuol Sot). The Schinnas and Crastuoglia area, which has been growing continuously for several years and is popular because of its location on the sunny slope, above the bypass road is new.

Scuol lies in the middle of the Lower Engadine window , a geologically significant erosion gap in the otherwise gas impermeable gneiss and granite layer . In the area of ​​the “window”, gases from the earth's interior can penetrate upwards through cracks and soft slate , mix with the groundwater and thus form over 25  mineral springs that are used as healing springs in the vicinity of Scuol- Vulpera - Tarasp . Mineral water , alkaline Glauber or Epsom salt springs and iron acid, whose digestive properties were known to the ancient Romans , gush out of many of Scuol's fountains . Among these springs is the most mineral-rich Glauber's salt spring in Europe with the name "Luzius" and a total mineralization of 17 g / l.

Many of these mineral water springs contain natural carbonic acid . The public fountains are usually equipped with two taps: normal drinking water flows from one, and carbonated mineral water from the other.

The highest point of Scuol is at 3312 meters above sea level. M. on the Piz Buin , which belongs to the Guarda faction . The lowest point is 1099 meters above sea level. M. the Inn near Tramblai, in the fraction Sent .

climate

The Lower Engadine is known for its sunny climate and is one of the driest regions in Switzerland, even in the entire Alps . It belongs to the western foothills of the inner-alpine dry zone of the Eastern Alps, but the special orographic conditions in Scuol must also be taken into account as a reason for the particularly sunny and dry climate .

The Lower Engadine is shielded by the Silvretta group to the north and by the Engadine Dolomites to the south by mighty mountain ranges. As a result, the sun often shines in the Lower Engadine while it is raining in the dammed areas on the northern or southern slopes of the Alps . In contrast to the Upper Engadine, the Lower Engadine cannot be classified climatically on the southern side of the Alps , because in contrast to the Upper Engadine, which is located higher up, it is dominated by the weather from the north-west, not from the south. The Lower Engadine forms its own small climate province, in which the weather is often difficult to predict from forecasts.

The continental character of the region around Scuol consequently ensures predominantly dry and cold weather in winter; the focus of precipitation is in summer. The month with the lowest amount of precipitation is February. Fog formation is extremely rare (1.4 foggy days per year), the wind generally blows very weakly in the valley floor, but the valley-mountain wind system ensures a very strong cooling, especially at night. Temperatures in winter reach −20 ° C or less when exposed to radiation ; December and January show an above-average number of 15 ice days for the altitude.

Despite the relative dryness, there is almost always enough snow in winter, as there is enough snow from both the north and south. Scuol has the advantage that it usually never suffers from a serious lack of snow during pronounced "southern" or northern years. Neither the humid, mild westerly wind, which causes the snowfall limits on the northern slopes of the Alps to rise slightly above 1500–2000 m, nor the foehn known as the snow eater, occur in Scuol in the classic form due to the inner alpine protected location, which promotes snow reliability and significantly reduces strong thaws .

The annual mean temperature is 5.5 ° C, with the coldest monthly mean temperatures in February at -4.5 ° C and the warmest monthly mean temperatures measured at 15.2 ° C in July. On average, around 168 frost days and 46 ice days are to be expected here. There are an annual average of around 31 summer days , while an average of 2.7 hot days are recorded. The MeteoSwiss weather station is located at an altitude of 1304  m above sea level. M.

Scuol 1981-2010
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     37   0 -8th     33   3 -8th     36   8th -4     37   12 0     62   17th 4th     79   20th 7th     91   23 9     102   22nd 9     62   18th 6th     63   13 2     61   5 -3     43   0 -7 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Scuol climatic standard values. (PDF) MeteoSwiss, April 6, 2016, accessed on June 3, 2016 .

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Scuol 1981–2010 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −0.2 2.5 7.8 11.9 16.7 20.2 22.8 22.1 18.3 13.4 5.2 0.0 O 11.8 Min. Temperature (° C) −8.3 −7.7 −3.9 −0.3 4.1 6.9 9.0 8.8 5.6 1.8 −3.4 −7.0 O 0.5 Temperature (° C) −4.5 −3.2 1.2 5.2 10.0 13.0 15.2 14.6 11.0 6.6 0.3 −3.7 O 5.5 Precipitation ( mm ) 37 33 36 37 62 79 91 102 62 63 61 43 Σ 706 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 3.1 4.2 5.1 5.4 5.6 6.0 6.9 6.3 5.5 4.6 3.1 2.5 O 4.9 Rainy days ( d ) 5.6 5.1 5.6 6.3 9.2 10.1 10.5 11.1 7.5 7.6 7.2 6.8 Σ 92.6 Humidity ( % ) 75 70 65 63 65 66 67 71 72 75 78 78 O 70.4 Source: Scuol climatic standard values. (PDF) MeteoSwiss, April 6, 2016, accessed on June 3, 2016 .

The heat record in Scuol was set on June 27, 2019 at 33.3 ° C.

population

languages

The language of Scuol is Vallader , a Romansh dialect. As early as the second half of the 19th century, the community had a German-speaking minority. Nevertheless, Romansh was able to hold its own well up to the Second World War. In 1880 82%, in 1910 64% and in 1941 again 71% stated Romansh as their mother tongue. By 1970 the Romansh-speaking proportion fell to 62%, recovered briefly - and has fallen sharply since then. In 2000, Romansh speakers were only a relative majority. The municipality and school support Romansh, which was understood by 78% of the population in 1990 and 70% in 2000. The following table shows the development over the past decades:

Historical photo of (then) Schuls

Languages ​​in Scuol GR
languages	1980 census		1990 census		2000 census
	number	proportion of	number	proportion of	number	proportion of
German	484	27.75%	651	34.46%	831	39.16%
Romansh	1130	64.79%	1087	57.54%	1049	49.43%
Italian	76	4.36%	77	4.08%	82	3.86%
Residents	1744	100%	1889	100%	2122	100%

Religions and denominations

In 1533 the Reformation was introduced in the place.

nationality

Of the 2196 residents counted at the end of 2005, 1764 (80%) were Swiss citizens.

Culture and sights

See also : List of cultural assets in Scuol

Typical Engadine house in Scuol

The main street in Scuol, the Stradun

Buildings

The late Gothic St. George's Church from 1516 and the well-preserved town houses are well worth seeing . In the lower village of Scuol Sot there are beautiful old Engadine houses and a picturesque village square with a large fountain and sights such as the Lower Engadine Museum or the Chasa Baer-Gaudenz .

Historic Engadine houses are lined up in the upper village, including the listed Scuoler rectory , the à Porta house and the Wieland house.

In Scuol Sot:

• Hohenbalken residential building
• Residential house with late Gothic facade painting
• Covered wooden bridge
• Bridge tower

In the Stradun:

• Villa Engiadina
• Center Augustin

In the Nairs:

• Kurhaus Bad Tarasp
• Former bathing house (Center da cultura NAIRS)
• 

  Inn bridge between Scuol and Vulpera
  Former Anglican Church

Traffic monuments are the Gurlaina Bridge and the Inn Bridge , which opened to traffic in 2010, between Scuol and Vulpera .

regional customs

The traditional burning of the Hom Strom takes place on the first Saturday in February . On December 31st, the children celebrate the festival of the Barchinas . On March 1st every year, as in the Lower Engadine, Chalandamarz is widely celebrated, with the youngsters moving through the village with a procession and chasing away the winter accompanied by singing and noise.

In the Engadin tradition, the nickname of the Scuol population is ils porchs (German: the pigs ).

traffic

The Scuol-Tarasp station in Scuol is the easternmost station in Switzerland, the end point of the Bever – Scuol-Tarasp line of the Rhaetian Railway (RhB) and the starting point for various bus routes. The main road 27 connects Scuol in an easterly direction with Tyrol , in a southwesterly direction it extends to St. Moritz .

tourism

summer

Scuol's local mountain, Motta Naluns, is the starting point for hikers, cyclists and paragliders . On the right side of the valley is the hiking and touring area of Val S-charl with the adjoining national park and the Lischanahütte of the SAC. Above Scuol is San Jon, a riding stable with trail riding -Akademie and Flöna, one of the oldest mountain huts in the Lower Engadine.

Scuol is the annual venue for the National Park Bike Marathon, the start and finish of which is in Scuol.

Winter sports

→ Main article : Motta Naluns ski area

The Motta Naluns ski area in Scuol (1250–2785 m), with 80 km of prepared slopes and 12 lifts, is one of the medium-sized ski areas in Switzerland. One advantage is the compactness of the ski area and development facilities that allow short journeys.

The majority of the slopes are easy to intermediate, more difficult runs are found mainly on Mot da Ri and Salaniva. The Salaniva – Champatsch – Salez area is a large freeride area. Next to the first lift there is a “fun park” for snowboarders and skiers, which consists of all the kickers and boxes.

The highlight of the region is the 10 km long and in the lower part 3 km artificially snowed "dream slope" to Sent (1430 m), which a few years ago also led 2 km longer to Scuol (1250 m). Other slopes are the fully snow-covered, medium-difficulty “Derby” valley run to Scuol (5.5 km) and the 3 km valley run to Ftan (1684 m).

Cross-country skiing

The Lower Engadine offers a total of 72 km of cross-country trails for classic and skating , including the 28 km long Scuol-Martina trail along the Inn River, which can even be groomed with artificial snow for the first five kilometers. The trail is usually very snow reliable due to its location in the valley floor. There are further cross-country trails in Ftan, Tarasp and other places in the Lower Engadine. The six-kilometer high-altitude trail on Motta Naluns (2146 m) in the Scuol ski area is snow-sure until April.

Mineral water springs

Thanks to its medicinal and mineral water springs , Scuol is also known as a health resort . With the Bogn Engiadina Scuol, Scuol has a mineral water bath .

Personalities

• Giacomo Rotondo (* around 1550 in Scuol; † after 1613 there), builder, architect in Warsaw
• Tumasch Rauch (born May 22, 1896 in Scuol; † February 17, 1979 there), musician, composer and farmer
• Duri Bezzola (* 1942), architect and National Councilor FdP
• Clo Duri Bezzola (born July 14, 1945 in Scuol; † 2004), writer
• Nott Caviezel (* 1953 in Scuol), art historian and university professor
• Barbara Janom Steiner (* 1963 in Scuol), lawyer, BDP politician and councilor
• Bianca Mayer (artist name: Bibi Vaplan , * 1979 in Scuol), Rhaeto-Romanic musician and singer

gallery

• 

  Engadine house

• 

  Scuol-Tarasp railway station

• 

  View of Scuol

• 

  Square with a fountain

• 

  Gurlaina Bridge over the Inn

literature

• Jürg Rageth, Paul Eugen Grimm: Scuol. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden III. The valley communities Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .

Web links

Commons : Scuol  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality of Scuol

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Toponymic guidelines of Switzerland. (pdf; 1.1 MB) 7 bilingual community names. In: Recommendations and advice on the spelling of geographical names for international use. Federal Office for Topography swisstopo , 2010, p. 16 , archived from the original on October 4, 2013 ; Retrieved October 6, 2011 . 
3. ↑ Robert von Planta (Gre.): Rätisches Namenbuch. Edited and edited by Konrad Huber . Volume 2: Andrea Schorta: Etymologies (=  Romanica Helvetica. Vol. 63). Francke, Bern 1964, p. 841.
4. ↑ Yes to the Scuol merger six times. suedostschweiz.ch, March 30, 2014, accessed on January 15, 2015 . 
5. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 1: By the year 1140 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8 , p. 234, No. 266 .
6. ↑ Swiss history: Reformation and Counter-Reformation - The Bündner Wirren
7. ↑ Scuol at a glance. In: www.scuol.net. Retrieved June 14, 2016 . 
8. ↑ Maximum temperatures - New heat records in both the north and the south. In: srf.ch . June 27, 2019, accessed June 27, 2019 . 
9. ↑ House at Porta
10. ↑ Wieland house
11. ↑ Hohenbalken residence
12. ↑ House with late Gothic facade painting
13. ↑ Covered wooden bridge
14. ↑ bridge tower
15. ↑ Villa Engiadina
16. ^ Center Augustin
17. ^ Kurhaus Bad Tarasp
18. ↑ Former bath house
19. ^ Former Anglican Church
20. ↑ Bogn Engiadina Scuol ( Memento of the original dated May 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
21. ^ Mariusz Karpowicz: Artisti ticinesi in Polonia nel '600 . Stato del Cantone Ticino, Bellinzona 1983, pp. 21, 24, 29, 54, 57.
22. ↑ Tumsch Rauch article at Haus der Volksmusik (volksmusik.ch)
23. ^ Clo Duri Bezzola in bibliomedia.ch, accessed December 24, 2015.