Transvaalbuurt

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Transvaalbuurt
province North Holland North Holland
local community Flag of the Amsterdam municipality Amsterdam
Area
 - land
 - water 		0.38  km 2
0.37 km 2
0.01 km 2
Residents 9,410 (Jan. 1, 2017)
Coordinates 52 ° 21 ′  N , 4 ° 55 ′  E Coordinates: 52 ° 21 ′  N , 4 ° 55 ′  E
Important traffic route S112 S113
prefix 020
Postcodes 1091-1092
Location of the Transvaalbuurt neighborhood in Amsterdam
Location of the Transvaalbuurt neighborhood in AmsterdamTemplate: Infobox location in the Netherlands / maintenance / map

The Transvaalbuurt ( German  Transvaalviertel ) is a district in Amsterdam-Oost in the province of North Holland . The name of the district comes from the once independent Transvaal in what is now South Africa . After the Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog ), several towns and villages in the Netherlands were given the names of people from the Transvaal, including the Transvaalbuurt in Amsterdam . In 2017, the quarter had 9,410 inhabitants on an area of ​​38 hectares.

history

At the beginning of 1900 the apartments in the Transvaalbuurt were built in the style of the Amsterdam school . At that time and partly today, the district was a working-class district ("Arbeiderswijk"). The plan for creating roads was designed by the Dutch architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage . When buildings and apartments are renovated, they have been and will be restored to their original state so that the historical character is preserved. In an appraisal by the housing association “Eigen Haard”, the Transvaalbuurt was named as the biggest winner (“greatest Winnaar”) of the best Amsterdam neighborhoods.

In the beginning of the 19th century the district was called Afrikanerbuurt ("African Quarter"). Around 1912 the name changed to Transvaalbuurt. The first streets got their names in 1904, Pretoriusstraat, Retiefstraat, De la Reystraat, Laing`s Nekstraat and in 1912 the Transvaalstraat. The quarter lies between the Transvaalkade in the south, the Linnaeustraat in the east, the Wibautstraat in the west and in the north between the Amstelstation and the Muiderpoortstation. Streets and squares were named after Marthinus Theunis Steyn (former President of Orange Free State ), Paul Kruger and Steve Biko , among others . According to the Politie (Police) Amsterdam-Amstelland, the Transvaalbuurt 2007 was a problem area with drug dealers and users, as in the “Veiligheidsindex 2007” of the municipality of Amsterdam. After the red light district De Wallen , the Transvaalbuurt came in second. For this reason the police set up a "project team" to carry out checks for the safety of the population.

Around 2007 the Transvaalbuurt was one of the most deprived residential areas in the Netherlands . The quarter was characterized by high unemployment, small apartments and businesses in need of repair. The court Kruger Plein was known and notorious area by the police could no longer be seen after sunset. The situation was improved through the cooperation of the Amsterdam-Oost district , the police, the entrepreneurs, the residents and the Welzijnsorganisatie (for example: "Organization for public welfare") Dynamo . Apartments, public spaces and shops were renovated, favorable conditions were created for new businesses and an Ondernemerprijs (“entrepreneur award ”) was launched.

Transvaalbuurt West

The western part of the Transvaalbuurt is bounded by the streets: Maritzstraat, Schalkburgerstraat, Wibautstraat, Transvaalkade, Tugelaweg and the Krügerplein. Social institutions are the Transvaal district and service center , Streetcornerwork , Stichting Sociaal Culturell Centrum Moroccan (“Foundation Social-Cultural Center for Moroccans”, SSCcM), a youth center, migrant organization El Itihaad Choora and the computer center Buurt-Online , as well as three primary schools: one public , a Christian and an Islamic school.

The Transvaalbuurt has the character of a working-class district (also called "volkswijk") with high unemployment, numerous small apartments and poor economic development with a large number of foreign citizens.

Jewish quarter

The Transvaalkade belonged to the former "Jewish Quarter" (intersection Schalk Burgerstraat)

At the end of the 1920s, the Transvaalbuurt had a large proportion of Jewish citizens of around 70%, many of whom worked as diamond cutters, owners of small businesses and market traders. The residents were mostly socialist oriented. Some of the young people were organized in the Arbeider Jeugd Central (for example: “Arbeiter Jugendzentrum”), the older citizens in the Sociaal-Demokratie Arbeiderpartij (SDAP; predecessor of the Dutch Partij van de Arbeid ) or in the “Diamantbewerkersbond”. The class-conscious Jewish workers moved from the older Jewish quarters ( Jodenbuurt ), Valkenburg and Uilenburg to the Transvaalbuurt because of the modern facilities at the time: larger apartments with running water and toilets. Most of the small shops didn't close.

During the Second World War , the Transvaalbuurt was designated as a ghetto or "Jewish quarter" by the German National Socialists . Many of the Jewish citizens had to move from other parts of the city to the Transvaalbuurt and were not allowed to visit public institutions (cinemas, cafes and markets). Raids were carried out regularly and at the Muiderpoor station the Jews were taken to concentration camps in trains . The last big raid took place on June 20, 1943 and 5,000 Jews were taken to Westerbork . In 1930 the quarter had around 20,000 Jewish residents, in 1943 none were to be found.

In the gable of the apartment Transvaalplein No. 1, a two-colored Star of David was placed in memory of the Jewish victims of National Socialism and as a warning and warning (“Waarschuwing”) for today's expressions of discrimination and racism. Annually on May 4th, a death ceremony takes place at the Buikschotmonument .

literature

  • From Caransa: Verzamelen op het Transvaalplein: the nagedachtenis van het Joodse proletariaat van Amsterdam . Bosch & Keuning, Baarn 1984. ISBN 90-246-4523-9
  • Ton Heijdra, Max Popma: Stomweg gelukkig in Amsterdam-Oost. De geschiedenis van Dapperbuurt, Oosterparkbuurt , Weesperzijdestrook, Transvaalbuurt . Uitgeverij René de Milliano, Alkmaar 1996. ISBN 90-72810-16-3 .

Web links

Commons : Transvaalbuurt  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2017 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek , accessed on April 26, 2018 (Dutch)
  2. ^ History of the Transvaalbuurt September 27, 2007, accessed on April 26, 2018 (Dutch)
  3. ^ Author: Daniel Metz . In Ons Amsterdam magazine on April 4, 2012
  4. ^ History of the Transvaalbuurt ( Memento from August 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Dutch
  5. ↑ Brief information about the Transvaalbuurt and the Jewish quarter . Dutch, accessed December 2, 2012