Ziębice

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Ziębice
Ziebice herb.png
Ziębice (Poland)
Ziębice
Ziębice
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Ząbkowice Śląskie
Area : 15.07  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 37 '  N , 17 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 37 '0 "  N , 17 ° 3' 0"  E
Height : 208 m npm
Residents : 8708
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 57-220
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DZA
Economy and Transport
Street : Strzelin - Paczków
Rail route : Wroclaw – Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 30 localities
Surface: 222.24 km²
Residents: 17.001
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 76 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0224063
Administration (as of 2018)
Mayor : Mariusz Szpilarewicz
Address: ul. Przemysłowa 10
57-220 Ziębice
Website : www.ziebice.pl



Ziębice [ʑɛm'bʲiʦɛ] (German Münsterberg in Schlesien ) is a town in the powiat Ząbkowicki in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . From 1321 to 1530 it was the residence of the Dukes of Münsterberg .

Geographical location

Münsterberg east of Frankenstein and northeast of Glatz on a map from 1905.

The city is located in Lower Silesia on the right bank of the Ohle , about 50 kilometers south of Wroclaw . Neighboring towns are Nowy Dwór (Neuhof) in the north, Kalinowice (Kunzendorf) and Wigańcice (Weigelsdorf) in the northeast, Dębowiec (Eichau) in the east, Osina Wielka (Groß Nossen) in the southwest, Starczówek (Neu Altmannsdorf) and Biernacice (Bernsdorf) in the south , Służejów in the southwest, Rososznica (Olbersdorf) in the southwest and Krzelków (Krelkau) and Henryków (Heinrichau) in the northwest.

history

Patschkauer Tor as the last relic of the medieval city fortifications
View of Münsterberg in the 18th century
town hall
City parish church St. Georg

Münsterberg was first mentioned in 1234 under the Slavic name Sambice . It is believed that it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1241, like the nearby Heinrichau Monastery . The first document under the name Munsterberck dates from February 1st, 1253 and shows the place according to German law. In 1268 the city owned a mint. For 1276 a hospice of the Knights of the Cross is occupied with the Red Star , for 1307 a monastery of the Friars Minor (Minorites) with a monastery church to the Holy Cross , which belonged to the Saxon Franciscan Province (Saxonia) . Bolko I von Schweidnitz built a castle in the north of the city, where his son Bolko II resided from 1321 and founded the line of the Dukes of Münsterberg . From this point in time until the end of the 18th century, the rulership of the city of Münsterberg is identical to the history of the duchy.

In 1322 Munsterberg received from Bolko II the right of free council elections and in 1335 lower jurisdiction. The city, which was thirty-five hectares in area in 1336, was surrounded by walls with five gates leading to the outside. In that year the siege by the Margrave of Moravia , later Emperor Charles IV , led to the recognition of the Bohemian suzerainty. In 1344 Münsterberg received a higher court, four years later also jurisdiction over the Jews. During the Hussite Wars , the last Duke of Münsterberg, Johann from the Silesian Piast family, and 400 of his fellow combatants were killed in the Battle of Altwilmsdorf on December 27, 1428 .

As a settled fiefdom, Münsterberg fell back to King Sigismund , who in 1429 gave it to Puta the Elder out of gratitude . J. von Častolowitz pledged, who had made a great contribution in the fight against the Hussites . Probably for this reason the Hussites destroyed the city and castle of Münsterberg in the same year. After Puta's death in 1434, his widow Anna von Colditz administered the inherited estates and sold them in 1440 to Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg , whom she married a short time later. As Hynek was unable to assert himself with the Münsterberg estates, they elected Duke Wilhelm of Troppau as their new sovereign in 1443 . He was the son of Johann's sister Katharina and had recently been married to Puta's daughter Salome. After Wilhelm's death in 1452, the Duchy of Münsterberg passed to his brother Ernst , who sold it in 1456 to the Bohemian King Georg von Podiebrad , who owned his sons Viktorin , Heinrich the Elder. Ä. and Heinrich d. J. raised to dukes of Munsterberg.

Georg's grandson Karl I von Münsterberg moved the residence to Frankenstein in 1530 . His four sons supported the goals of the Reformation . Because of the large debt that they had to take over from Karl, they pledged the duchy in 1542. Münsterberg also suffered great damage during the Thirty Years' War .

After the First Silesian War , Münsterberg, like almost all of Silesia, fell to Prussia in 1742 . The duchy was converted into a civil status, which was acquired in 1791 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II . After the transition to Prussia, Münsterberg became the home of many Protestant Bohemians who had to leave their homeland for religious reasons. From 1742 to 1885 Münsterberg was a garrison town, from 1816 to 1932 a district town . In 1872 the city was connected to the Breslau – Mittelwalde railway line .

Until 1945 Miinsterberg belonged to the district Frankenstein in district Breslau the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Reich .

After the end of World War II , Münsterberg and almost all of Silesia were placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in 1945 and received the Polish place name Ziębice . The German population was expelled from Münsterberg by the local Polish administrative authority . Some of the new Polish settlers came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the “ West displacement of Poland ” .

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1875 5,591
1880 5,980
1890 6.162 thereof 1,126 Protestants, 4,936 Catholics and 100 Jews
1925 8,392
1933 8,887
1939 8,908

Attractions

  • The parish church of St. Georg (Münster auf dem Berge) dates from around 1265–1275. In the 15th century it was extended by the choir and two chapels, rebuilt in the early 18th century and from 1898 to 1900 re-gothicised . The stone pulpit was donated by Duke Joachim von Münsterberg-Oels. The epitaph for his father Karl I von Münsterberg with a representation of Christ on the Mount of Olives is from 1542. The glass window was created around 1900 by Alexander Linnemann from Frankfurt am Main .
  • The Church of St. Peter and Paul is also known as the Kreuzkirche . It was built in the 13th century by the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star. The main altar with carved crucifixion and the figures of the cartridge dates from the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • The former Protestant church was built between 1796 and 1797.
  • Today's town hall was built on the Ring from 1888 to 1891. The town hall tower dates from the 16th century.
  • The numerous town houses on the Ring partly date from the middle of the 19th century or were built between 1900 and 1910.
  • Parts of the wall and the Patschkau gate tower have been preserved from the city ​​fortifications from the 14th century .
  • The preserved synagogue building was built between 1844 and 1845 and is located at today's ul. Wąska . The Jewish cemetery, laid out in 1814, is located south of the old town.
  • The historic sugar factory was completed in 1883 at today's ul. Przemysłow and expanded between 1920 and 1930.
  • The largest ceramic statue in Europe in Ziebice
    The largest ceramic statue in Europe is in Ziębice. It represents the Polish heraldic animal the eagle and is popularly called Orle.
  • In 2020, the oldest time capsule in Europe was found in the church tower of today's sports hall, which was then a Protestant church . It is on display in the local museum.

  • Church of St. Peter and Paul

  • Protestant church

  • The Münsterberger Ring

  • The old synagogue

  • The old sugar factory

traffic

The city is located on the 394 road that runs from Henryków (Heinrichau) to Paczków .

local community

The localities belong to the urban and rural municipality Ziębice

  • Biernacice (Bernsdorf)
  • Bożnowice (Berzdorf)
  • Brukalice (Taschenberg)
  • Czerńczyce (Frömsdorf)
  • Dębowiec (Eichau)
  • Głęboka (Glambach)
  • Henryków (Heinrichau)
  • Jasienica (Heinzendorf)
  • Kalinowice Dolne (Niederkunzendorf)
  • Kalinowice Górne (Oberkunzendorf)
  • Krzelków (Krelkau)
  • Lipa (Leipe)
  • Lubnów (Liebenau)
  • Niedźwiednik (Bärwalde)
  • Niedźwiedź (Bärdorf)
  • Nowina (German Neudorf)
  • Nowy Dwór (Neuhof)
  • Osina Mała (Little Nossen)
  • Osina Wielka (Gross Nossen)
  • Pomianów Dolny (Niederpomsdorf)
  • Raczyce (Rätsch)
  • Rososznica (Olbersdorf)
  • Skalice (Reumen)
  • Służejów (Sleeper)
  • Starczówek (Neu Altmannsdorf)
  • Wadachowice (Wiesenthal)
  • Wigańcice (Weigelsdorf)
  • Witostowice (Schönjohnsdorf)
  • and the city of Ziębice (Münsterberg)

Twin cities

Sports

The town of Ziębice has a swimming pool. The largest sports club, Sparta Ziębice , has a football and boxing department. Marian Kasprzyk also boxed there . The Miejski stadium (German: municipal stadium) has 180 seats and a running track.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Johann Ferdinand von Auersperg (1655–1705), Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg, died in Münsterberg
  • Johann Gottlieb Blümner (1763–1837), Prussian civil servant, attended the city school in Münsterberg
  • Ludwig von Rönne (1804–1891), lawyer and publicist, district and city judge in Münsterberg
  • Heinrich August Ferdinand Thilo (1807–1882), lawyer and politician, mayor of Münsterberg
  • Marie Spieler (1845–1913), painter, attended the seminar for teachers in Münsterberg
  • Albert Neisser (1855–1916), German dermatologist and patron of the arts, attended elementary school in Münsterberg
  • Karl Denke (1860–1924), German serial killer, lived and died in Münsterberg
  • Carl Thiel (1862–1939), organist, church musician and professor of music, main teacher and choir rector in Münsterberg
  • Hans Hartwig (1917–2012), composer, attended the music and orchestra school in Münsterberg
  • Tadeusz Walasek (1936–2011), boxer, trained at the Sparta Ziebice sports club
  • Marian Kasprzyk (* 1939), boxer, trained at the Sparta Ziebice sports club

literature

Web links

Commons : Ziębice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Mönsterberg in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Jan Urban: Lichtenburkové. Praha 2003, ISBN 80-7106-579-X , pp. 290-320.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. frankenstein.html # ew39fsmuenster. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. ↑ http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/ziebice/12,cmentarze/6305,cmentarz/
  5. ↑ Oldest time capsule in Europe found hidden in church spire. Retrieved May 17, 2020 (English).
  6. ↑ https://przeglad-powiatowy.pl/dza/2019/08/09/zamkniecie-basenu-w-ziebicach/
  7. ↑ http://sparta.ziebice.pl/