User:Piotrus
On this beautiful day of
- Personal
- Jul'07: My Latest Featured Article: Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)
- Jan'07: Wikis and Wikipedia as a Teaching Tool: my first published academic article on Wikis and Wikipedia
- Dec'06: My First Guideline: Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)
- Nov '06: Most active Wikipedian: 53 and climbing up!
- Aug'06: I was a speaker at Wikimania!
- July'06: I compiled some quick and dirty statistics about Wikipedia.
- April'06: Watch me live talking about using wikis and Wikipedia as a teaching tool!
- 26 Jan'05: I am a Wikipedia admin. What am I doing with my power?
- Public
16 May 2024 |
- My best work
- Featured count: 20
- Up to my new standards: 9
- Need updating: 11
- Major (I wrote most of the article): 15
- Max Weber Nov'04 41kb
- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Dec'04 43kb
- Witold Pilecki Dec'04 25kb
- Battle of Warsaw (1920) Jan'05 25kb
- Stanisław Koniecpolski Feb'05 25kb
- Władysław Sikorski Mar'05 37kb
- Polish-Soviet War Apr'05 47kb
- May Constitution of Poland Apr'05 30kb
- Polish September Campaign May'05 49kb
- Sociocultural evolution Aug'05 57kb
- History of Poland (1945-1989) Jul'05 / Revised: Apr'07 75kb
- Polish-Muscovite War (1605-1618) Nov'05 46kb
- Katyń massacre Jan'06 50kb
- History of Solidarity - Dec'06 60kb
- Soviet invasion of Poland (1939) - July'07 60kb
- Minor (I wrote less than half): 5
- My current work
- FACandidates
- 'A-class
- To translate:
- pl:Amnestia dla obywateli polskich w ZSRR to Amnesty for Polish citizens in USSR
- pl:Śląski Okręg Wojskowy to Silesian Military District
- pl:Płomyczek to Płomyczek
- pl:Świerszczyk to Świerszczyk
- pl:Gromada (podział administracyjny) to Gromada
- pl:Towarzystwo Demokratyczne Polskie to Polish Democratic Society
- pl:Fundacja Pomoc Polakom na Wschodzie to The Foundation Aid to Poles in the East
- pl:Komisja Tymczasowa Skonfederowanych Stronnictw Niepodległościowych to Confederated Commission of Independence Parties
- pl:Polska Organizacja Narodowa to Polish National Organization
- pl:Bitwa pod Osuchami to Battle of Osuchy
- pl:Wojna polsko-austriacka (1809) to Polish-Austrian War
- pl:I rozbiór Polski to First Partition of Poland, pl:II rozbiór Polski to Second Partition of Poland and pl:III rozbiór Polski to Third Partition of Poland (all now redirects)
- pl:Zabór rosyjski to Russian partition, pl:Zabór austriacki to Austrian partition and pl:Zabór pruski to Prussian partition
- pl:Samuel Kmicic to Samuel Kmicic
- pl:Władysław Gurowski to Władysław Gurowski
- pl:Marek Jandołowicz to Marek Jandołowicz
- pl:Stanisław Mazowiecki to Stanisław Mazowiecki
- pl:Wojna polsko-kozacko-tatarska 1666-1671 to Polish-Cossack-Tatar War (1666-1671)
- pl:Janko z Czarnkowa to Janko of Czarnków
- pl:Powstanie zabajkalskie to Siberia Uprising
- pl:Rozejm w Niemieży to Niemieża Truce
- pl:Bitwa pod Cudnowem to Battle of Cudnów
- pl:Ugoda w Ostrowie to Ostrów Agreement
- pl:Bitwa pod Żurawnem to Battle of Żurawno
- pl:Operacja Dunaj to Operation Dunaj
- pl:Polska Organizacja Wojskowa Górnego Śląska to Polish Military Organization of the Upper Silesia
- pl:Liga Morska i Kolonialna to Sea and Colony League
- pl:Wystawa Ziem Odzyskanych to Regained Territories Exhibition
- pl:Samorząd terytorialny w Polsce to Self-government in Poland
- pl:Represje ZSRR wobec Polaków i obywateli polskich 1939-1946 to Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939-1946)
- pl:Kopiec Piłsudskiego to Piłsudski's Mound
- pl:Barbara Zápolya to Barbara Zápolya
- pl:Aleksander Michał Sapieha to Aleksander Michał Sapieha
- Missing 'Artykuły na Medal'
- To create:
- Battle of Murowana Oszmianka from [1]/[[2]
- missing articles in Administrative division of Poland#Historical
Tip of the day...
Table of contents
Any article with more than three headings automatically gets a table of contents (TOC). The TOC is placed above the first section heading. All text above the first section heading is commonly referred to as the lead section. Depending on the overall length of the article, this introduction should not exceed one to four paragraphs in length and should summarize the article's key points. If you do not like the TOC placement in an article, you can move it by inserting – – Read more: To add this auto-updating template to your user page, use
{{tip of the day}} |
My toolbox
- {{WPMILHIST|class=|Polish-task-force=yes|WWII-task-force=yes}}
- {{WikiProject Pittsburgh|class=|importance=}}
- {{WikiProject Sociology|class=|importance=}}
- {{WikiProject Poland|class=|importance=}}
- {{Science Fiction Project|class=|importance=|type=}}
- {{DEFAULTSORT:X, Y}}
- [[Image:Replace this image1.svg|thumb|right|150px]]
- [[Image:Replace this imageb.svg|thumb|right|150px]]
- {{subst:User:Piotrus/w}}
- {{subst:Portal:Poland/Welcome}}
- {{User:Fir0002/Support}}
- {{User:Fir0002/Oppose}}
- {{subst:NowCommons|Image:name.ext}}
- {{main|The other article}}
- {{Further|[[Article 1]], [[Article 2]], and [[Article Something#3|Article 3]]}}
- {{main|The other article}}
- [[Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Formatter|format]]
- this article is {{unreferenced}}. Please help fix this and [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|Help make Wikipedia the most authoritative source of information in the world]]
- {{disambig}}
- Category:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth historical images
- Category:Polish historical images
- Category:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Category:History of Poland
- Wikipedia:Sister projects
- Template:Otheruses templates
- Wikipedia:Template messages
- Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace
- Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission
Never forget
- Wikipedia:Tools
- Wikipedia:Scripts
- Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines
- Extra edit buttons
- Wikipedia:Footnotes
- Wikipedia:Bot requests
- Wikipedia:Help desk
- Wikipedia:Village pump
- Wikipedia:Article Creation and Improvement Drive
- Wikipedia:Peer review
- Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles
- Wikipedia:Forum for Encyclopedic Standards
- Wikipedia:WikiProject League of Copyeditors
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
- Wikipedia:Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
Academic resources:
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikidemia
- Category:Wikipedia resources for researchers
- Wikipedia:Academic resources
- List of journal search engines
- List of scientific journals
- Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia
- Wikipedia:No original research
- Wikipedia:Replies to common objections
- Wikipedia:Research resources
- Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia
- Wikipedia:School and university projects
- Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not
- Wikipedia:Wikipedia as an academic source
- Wikipedia:Wikipedia in academic studies
My projects:
Links of interest:
Online social networks I am in:
Link/invitation on demand :)User subpages
Multi-licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License versions 1.0 and 2.0 | ||
I agree to multi-license my text contributions, unless otherwise stated, under Wikipedia's copyright terms and the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license version 1.0 and version 2.0. Please be aware that other contributors might not do the same, so if you want to use my contributions under the Creative Commons terms, please check the CC dual-license and Multi-licensing guides. |
Salad'o'meter™ | |||||
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n00b | involved | been around | veteran | seen it all | older than the Cabal itself |
pl | Polski jest językiem ojczystym tego użytkownika. |
en-4 | This user can contribute with a near-native level of English. |
fr-2 | Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau intermédiaire en français. |
This user is proud to be a Wikipedian. |
This user has been a member of Wikipedia since December 2003. |
✪ | This user has been accused of being a rouge admin :) |
This user has been accused of being a cabalist :) |
6.8 | This user has 6.8 centijimbos. |
Beware! This user's talk page is monitored by talk page watchers. Some of them even talk back. |
- | This user is a translator from Polish to English on Wikipedia:Translation. |
This user is happy to help new users. Leave a message here. |
This user has a ton of edits. Or to be more specific, over 115k :) |
42 | This user was at some point the 42nd most active Wikipedian. |
{{{1}}} | This user is ranked {{{1}}} on the list of Wikipedians by number of edits. |
This editor is a Master Editor and is entitled to display this Platinum Editor Star. |
This user scored 2062.5 on the Wikipediholic test (revision 87194727). |
This user helped promote about 25 featured articles on Wikipedia. |
This user has a 13th place at the List of Wikipedians by featured article nominations. |
This user helped promote about 16 articles to Good status. |
This user has been a major contributor to over 300 articles featured in the Did you know... section on the Main Page. |
This user has started over 2200 new articles on Wikipedia (alt counter). |
This user is ranked {{{1}}} on the list of Wikipedians by articles created. |
This user is a member of the Association of Inclusionist Wikipedians. |
This user is a participant in WikiProject Poland. |
This user participates in WikiProject Eastern Europe. |
This user is a member of WikiProject European history. |
This user is a member of the Polish military history task force of WikiProject Military history. |
This user is a member of WikiProject Sociology. |
This user is a participant in WikiProject Internet culture. |
This user is a participant in WikiProject Economics. |
This user enjoys reading alternate history fiction and is a member of the Wikipedia:WikiProject Alternate History |
This user is a member of WikiProject Science Fiction. |
This user supported the SOPA/PIPA blackout! |
This user is a member of WikiProject Classroom coordination. |
This user is a member of the Welcoming Committee. |
This user opposes the installation of any kind of advertisements on Wikimedia Foundation operated sites. |
This user subscribes to The Signpost. |
This user tunes in to Wikipedia Weekly whenever it comes out. |
This user was a guest on Episode 30 of Wikipedia Weekly. You can listen here. |
{{Wiki}} | This user can write in the MediaWiki language. |
vn-8 | This user page has been vandalized 8 times. |
This user contributes using a PC. |
This user contributes using Microsoft Windows XP. |
This user contributes using Mozilla. |
B |
This user is a blogger at Voice of the Prokonsul
|
This user is interested in Poland |
This user is a bibliophile. |
This user enjoys reading science fiction. |
This user is a Go player. |
This user is a Board Game Geek. |
This user plays Paper and pencil games. |
This user is an armchair general |
This user is an academic. |
This user is a sociologist. |
ACADEMIC JOURNAL | This user has had his/her work published in an academic journal. |
MA | This user has a Master of Arts degree in Economics. |
MA | This user has a Master of Arts degree in Sociology. |
This user attends or attended the University of Pittsburgh. |
This user attends or attended the Cracow University of Economics. |
This user is an optimist and... |
inf | This user is an infidel... |
...because he believes that the Singularity is coming. |
This user is a transhumanist. |
This user is interested in Utilitarianism, the belief that a moral action is one which increases the total happiness of humanity. |
This user is a Citizen of the World (Terra, ⊕). |
This user comes from Poland. |
This user was born in Katowice.
|
This user lives in or hails from Pittsburgh. |
This user supports the independence of Tibet. |
This users supports European Coalition Free Belarus. Жыве Беларусь! |
This user supports the Orange Revolution. Ще не вмерла! |
This user supports real autonomy for Chechnya. |
This user is opposed to online censorship. |
This user is a member of Wikipedians against censorship. |
This user is a Creative Commoner. |
This user uses Pidgin to chat on multiple instant messaging networks. |
E | This user reads The Economist. |
IQ | This user's Intelligence Quotient is 156. |
According to The Political Compass this user is: Economic Left (−4.00) and Social Libertarian (−2.31) |
A word from the editor
Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus[1] (born in Katowice, 1980) - Short story: I am a geek, otaku, a net freelancer, Mensa member, Singularitarian, Magister Artium in economics (Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie since April'04 (Top 10 in my year), one of Top 100 (or Top 0.0001%) of most active Wikipedians. 51st to be exact (as of August'07). Registered on Wiki on 10 Apr 2004 but I have been editing since December 2003 as an anon. On 26 January'05 I was elected to the position of a Wikipedia administrator. Oh yes, I am a Pole so read on how to deal with Poles! :>
I love sharing my knowledge and the idea of telecommuting, so Wiki is a 'home quite close to home' for me, also illustrating the truth in saying if you find work you like, you will never work again. Working on Wiki gives me this great feeling of doing something good and useful *now* - anybody can access my work anytime the will, there are no delays in article publications, no restriction on who has enough money to pay for my work (hmmm, I can see a problem with this in the long run though... :>). I have now seen Wikipedia grow for years, and it is amazing. I am sure that in the near future Wiki will rival Google as the best tool on the web. And, of course, if it is, it should be on Wiki.
My interests concentrate around history (including counterfactual history), political sciences, communication, technological singularity, sociology, economics and finally, as a perhaps bit more trivial hobby, all things related to good science fiction. Oh, and games. I am a founding member of the Polish Ludology Association, after all :)
In August '05 I begun studying for PhD at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Sociology, looking at the impact of changes in communication technology on evolution of political systems. After all, history of democracy has been my top interest for the past - oh, 5 years now. I will likely do some historical research as well, regarding Golden Freedoms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and its impact on development of democracy worldwide. And I also want to look at the social institution of hobby shops. But currently it appears that my specific focus will be - ta - dumm! - Wikipedia, as I am becoming more and more fascinated by the often asked question: 'how does this thing work?!' :) On a related note, I am also working on using Wikipedia as a teaching tool.
If for some bizarre reason you need to now more about me, just ask me.
- ^ Why Prokonsul? Because of this poem. And Piotrus is a latinization, not a diminutive.
Interesting article list
Daily FA Reading:
The oyster dress is a high fashion gown created by British fashion designer Alexander McQueen for his Spring/Summer 2003 collection Irere. McQueen's design is a one-shouldered dress in bias-cut beige silk chiffon with a boned upper body and a full-length skirt consisting of hundreds of individual circles of organza sewn in dense layers to the base fabric, resembling an oyster shell. The dress originated as a reinterpretation of the "shellfish dress" designed by John Galliano in 1987, which McQueen had long admired and sought to emulate. Contemporary critical responses to McQueen's oyster dress were positive and it is considered an iconic piece of McQueen's work. Only two copies are known to exist, one held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and one by media personality Kim Kardashian. McQueen returned to the oyster dress concept several times over his career, most prominently in his Autumn/Winter 2006 collection The Widows of Culloden. (Full article...)
Some interesting articles which I created or significantly contributed to. Did you know...
- ...that Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, a high-ranking commander of the Polish Army, a veteran of World War I, Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War, was executed by the Soviets during the Polish Defensive War of 1939?
- ...that the main languages of Renaissance in Poland were Polish and Latin, and that the leading Polish poet of that period, Jan Kochanowski, is regarded as a great Slavic poet?
- ...that in the Battle of Gdynia during the Polish September Campaign, the German armed forces captured Gdynia, an important port and industrial center of the Second Polish Republic?
- ... that French-born artist Jan Piotr Norblin is famous in Poland for illustrating many important historical moments of the last years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and is considered one of the most important painters of the Polish Enlightenment
- ...that during the Battle of Hel, one of the longest battles in the 1939 Polish September Campaign, Polish forces temporarily separated the peninsula from the mainland, forming an island?
- ...that the Merton Thesis claims that Protestant religion had significant influence on the course of the scientific revolution?
- ...that firing of Anna Walentynowicz, a Polish free trade union activist, was one of the events that led to the giant wave of strikes in Poland and eventually the creation of Solidarity?
- ...that throughout the development of science, many ideas have been obliterated by incorporation?
- ...that in the aftermath of the Defence of the Polish Post in Danzig, in the Polish September Campaign of 1939, all the Polish civilians who had held out for 15 hours against the SS-led assault were executed?
- ...that in the Polish legislative election, 1947, the communist-controlled Polish government, advised by specialists from Soviet Ministry for State Security, ensured its victory by vote rigging?
- ...that Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki, a peasant, became a Polish national hero after he captured a Russian cannon with his hat during the Battle of Racławice?
- ...that A Perfect Vacuum, a 1971 book by Polish author Stanisław Lem, is an anthology of imaginary reviews of nonexistent books?
- ...that Jakub Uchański, a 16th-century primate of Poland and interrex, was suspected of heresy by the Pope?
- ...that the 1635 Treaty of Sztumska Wieś between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden was of much interest to contemporary European diplomacy?
- ...that a 17th century Polish politician Mikołaj Sienicki held the office of marshal of the Sejm recordary nine times and was called a 'Polish Demosthenes' for his oratory skills?
- ...that manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions are sociological concepts for understanding the hidden reasons for actions and customs?
- ...that in the Bezdany train robbery of 1908, led by the future Polish dictator, Józef Piłsudski, the revolutionaries stole over 200,000 rubles?
- ...that Stanisław Warszycki, a wealthy 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth magnate, gave rise to many legends about his cruelty, and several places in Poland claim sightings of his ghost?
- ...that Henryk Zieliński, a modern Polish historian who studied in the underground university in his youth, died in mysterious circumstances?
- ..that in the 1930 Polish election, due to government censorship, opposition papers were reduced to using images of Nietzsche, because he resembled dictator Józef Piłsudski?
- ...that Aleksander Krzyżanowski , commander of Polish resistance in the Vilnius region, was arrested by the Soviets after his unit helped them liberate Vilnius from the Germans?
- ...that science fiction and fantasy in Poland traces its origins to the Polish Enlightenment, and that many Polish science fiction and fantasy writers are translated into foreign languages - with the notable exception of the English language?
- ...that Henryk Woliński, Polish resistance Armia Krajowa member, was responsible for the creation of Żegota and saving the lives of thousands of Polish Jews in WWII?
- ...that Aleksandra Piłsudska, a Polish revolutionary and second wife of dictator Józef Piłsudski, helped plan the Bezdany train raid?
- ...that Union for Active Struggle was a secret paramilitary organization dedicated to reclaiming Polish independence, with support by Austria-Hungary against the Russian Empire?
- ...that Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, creator of the National Bank of Poland and author of many economic reforms in Congress Poland, has also laid foundations for the industrialization of the city of Łódź?
- ...that the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland abolished the office of the President of Poland, replacing it with the State Council of Poland?
- ...that His Master's Voice, one of the most acclaimed science-fiction novels of Stanisław Lem, is also one of Lem's strongest critiques of the science-fiction genre itself?
- ...that Henryk Iwański, member of Armia Krajowa Polish resistance in WWII, commanded several incursions into the Warsaw Ghetto in support of the Warsaw Ghetto fighters?
- ...that student development theories are tools used by scholars and teachers in understanding how students gain knowledge?
- ...that parasocial interaction is a one-sided social relationship between the audience and the performers?
- ...that Perfect Imperfection, a 2004 science fiction novel by Polish writer Jacek Dukaj, raises the issues of technological singularity, transhumanism and the anthropic principle, and presents a unique model of human evolution?
- ...that Józef Kossakowski, bishop and writer, was one of several prominent Polish politicians sentenced to hanging as traitors in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising?
- ...that the Grodno Sejm of 1793, last Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, passed the Second Partition of Poland with deputies bribed or coerced by the Russian Empire's army?
- ...that the Worek Plan, a submarine operation by the Polish Navy in the early days of the Polish September Campaign, was a failure as the submarines did not manage to sink a single German vessel?
- ...that Piotr Włostowic, a 12th century voivode of the Kingdom of Poland, managed to break the alliance between Władysław II the Exile and Rus' princes while blinded, muted and exiled?
- ...that in the Battle of Węgierska Górka, one of the first battles of the Second World War, four unfinished and undermanned Polish bunkers held out against an assault of an entire German division for two days and two nights?
- ...that Other Songs, an award winning novel by Jacek Dukaj, a Polish science fiction writer, describes a unique world in which the ideas of Aristotle and Hegel replace the laws of physics?
- ...that although the Polish-Romanian Alliance, an important alliance of the 1920s, was still in force when the Second World War began, it had little impact on the German invasion of Poland in 1939?
- ...that although the last game in the Battle Isle series was released in 2001, there is an open source project, Advanced Strategic Command, to recreate the series?
- ...that life chances is a probabilistic concept introduced by sociologist Max Weber to determine the likely outcomes of an individual's life, on the basis of certain underlying factors?
- ...that Wojciech Bobowski was one of the most important musicians of the Ottoman Empire, and the author of the Bible translation into the Ottoman Turkish language?
- ...that Flying University was the secret educational conspiratorial enterprise that existed in Warsaw, Poland, in various forms in the 19th and 20th century to provide education outside of the dominating ideology?
- ...that in the late 18th century, Russian ambassadors to Poland had power that rivalled and even exceeded that of the Polish king or parliament?
- ...that Jacek Dukaj's Black Oceans, a Polish science-fiction novel, received the Janusz A. Zajdel Award Polish award for sci-fi literature in 2001?
- ...that the history of communication was dependent on the acquisition of the FOXP2 gene in humans, which facilitated the development of speech 200,000 years ago?
- ...that the fictional goat Koziołek Matołek has been a popular Polish children's literature character since first appearing in 1933?
- ...that Walerian Łukasiński, a 19th century Polish Army officer, was sentenced to 14 years of imprisonment by the Russian Empire, and died in prison after 44 years, becoming one of the martyrs of the Polish struggle for independence under the partitions?
- ...that in their 1956 book Union Democracy, social scientist Seymour Martin Lipset and his colleagues describe how the International Typographical Union once defied Michels' iron law of oligarchy?
- ...that Henry of Masovia, 14th century bishop of Płock, might have been poisoned by his wife, sister of Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great?
- ...that Mikołaj Trąba, first primate of Poland, took part in the Battle of Grunwald and might have been a papal candidate during the Council of Constance?
- ...that Bolko II of Świdnica was the last independent duke of the Piast dynasty in Silesia?
- ...that Tadeusz Hołówko became one of the first victims of the assassination campaign carried out by the members of the radical Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists despite his relatively moderate stance in the Polish-Ukrainian conflict?
- ...that Fighting Solidarity, created in response to the martial law in Poland of 1982, was among the most radical splinters of Solidarity?
- ...that Mury, a protest song by Jacek Kaczmarski about events in Catalonia, became the unofficial anthem of Solidarity?
- ... that among the editors of Robotnik, an underground newspaper of the Polish Socialist Party, were Józef Piłsudski, future dictator of Poland, and Stanisław Wojciechowski, future president of Poland?
- ...that Michał Dymitr Krajewski wrote the first Polish science fiction novel in 1785, during the period of Enlightenment in Poland?
- ...that the cry For your freedom and ours, one of the unofficial mottos of Poland, has been popularized by Polish soldiers, exiled from the partitioned Poland, who fought in various independence movements all over the world?
- ...that the Polish capture of Wilno in 1919 set the stage for the future Polish-Soviet and Polish-Lithuanian Wars?
- ...that Battle of the Border refers to the series of battles that were the opening stage of the Nazi Germany invasion of Poland in September 1939?
- ...that Laments by 16th century Polish poet Jan Kochanowski, a masterpiece of the Polish Renaissance, were inspired by the death of the poet's young daughter, Urszula?
- ...that the Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars of the 16th century saw significant territorial gains for the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and forced the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to ally itself closer with the Kingdom of Poland, forming the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ...that 17 days after the Germans invaded Poland in 1939, the Soviet Union joined the invasion, ensuring the fall of the Second Polish Republic?
- ...that in the early 1900s the illegal paramilitary Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party assassinated hundreds of Russian officials, policemen and secret agents responsible for repression in partitioned Poland?
- ...that Taras Fedorovych, a 17th century Cossack hetman, led an unsuccessful uprising over the issue of the Cossack register?
- ...that the Political Instability Task Force might have predicted over 85% of major state crises occurring in 1990–1997?
- ...that the Poniatowski Bridge in Warsaw was destroyed in both World Wars?
- ...that the Society of Friends of Science, first Polish scientific organization, founded in 1800, originated from the Thursday's dinners custom held by the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski?
- ...that History Line: 1914-1918, a turn-based strategy computer game from 1993, adapted the software engine of the science-fiction Battle Isle series to portray the First World War?
- ...that on October 5 1914, a French Voisin III pilot scored the first air-to-air kill of World War I?
- ...that neoclassical Staszic Palace in Warsaw was temporary redesigned in a Russo-Byzantine style when Poland was partitioned?
- ...that a church of the Order of the Holy Ghost once stood at the site of the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków?
- ...that the Barbican of Warsaw became obsolete almost immediately after its construction in 1548?
- ...that the Polish 4th Rifle Division was the only Polish military unit that fought in the Russian Civil War and returned to Poland undefeated?
- ...that the Great Synagogue in Danzig, one of the most impressive synagogues of its time, was demolished by the city council of the Free City of Danzig even before the German invasion of Poland began?
- ...that in the Battle of Zhovti Vody the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth faced 1:10 odds for 18 days before its final defeat by the Cossack-Tatar alliance?
- ...the Swedish forces at the Siege of Jasna Góra were actually German mercenaries and Polish supporters of Charles X Gustav?
- ...that the Land Coastal Defence that defended the Polish coast during the German invasion of Poland was subordinate to the Polish Navy, not the Army?
- ...that the title of Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland became unused and replaced with that of Governor-General of Warsaw without any formal decree after the death of last namestnik?
- ...that the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland of 1815, considered among the most liberal constitutions of its time, was increasingly disregarded by the Polish government, leading to the November Uprising of 1830?
- ...that the Polish minority in Lithuania is the largest ethnic minority in Lithuania?
- ...that there are several theories about the origins of the name of Poland?
- ...that construction of Żarnowiec, Poland's only nuclear power plant, was cancelled as the project neared completion?
- ...that Russian general Władysław Wejtko joined the Polish Army and constructed fortifications in the decisive Battle of Warsaw?
- ...that a strike in the Hipolit Cegielski Industries in Poznań, June 1956, led to the first major Polish protest against communism?
- ...that General Stanislav Poplavsky was one of thousands of Soviet officers who served as commanders, advisors and officials in the People's Republic of Poland during the Stalinization period?
- ...that the Polish Second Army was the second major formation of the Peoples' Army of Poland fighting alongside the Soviet Union in the Second World War?
- ...that Kazimierz Pelczar, a Polish professor of the Stefan Batory University and pioneer of oncological research, was one of the 100,000 victims of the Ponary massacre?
- ...that Ponary massacre lasted for 3 years as 100,000 Jews, Poles and Russians were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators near Vilnius?
- ...that Leon Wasilewski, first Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, was one of the chief supporters of the Prometheism policy aimed at breaking up the Soviet Union?
- ...that a part of Rawa River in Silesia is currently so polluted it is officially classified as a sewage channel?
- ...that the main force of the Łódź Army was destroyed in the Battle of the Border during the Polish Defensive War of 1939, but an Operational Group held out for a month defending the Modlin fortress?
- ...that legendary Łysa Góra is the site of an ancient pagan temple, a ruined monastery that gave its name to the local mountain range and province and the tallest TV tower in Poland?
- ...that confusing orders prevented most Polish forces from taking part in the Battle of Wilno in 1939?
- ...that reopening of the Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów in 2005 marked a major improvement of Polish-Ukrainian relations?
- ...that following Operation Barbarossa, two distinct Polish military formations were formed in the Soviet Union - the first subordinate to the Polish government in exile, and the second one, to the communist puppet government?
- ...that Polish general Józef Zając held military decorations from Poland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austro-Hungary, and the short-lived state of Central Lithuania?
- ...that the status of the Northern Group of Forces, the Soviet Army unit stationed in Poland from 1945 to 1993, was formally regulated by Soviet-Polish treaty only in 1956?
- ...that Polish Armed Forces in the West, despite having their country occupied by the enemy, were one of the most numerous of Western Allies military formations?
- ...that bishop Adam Stanisław Krasiński was one of the leaders of the Bar Confederation, the first Polish uprising?
- ...that the Poznań 1956 protests were the first major demonstration against the communist government of the People's Republic of Poland?
- ...that Antoni Szylling was captured by the Germans as a Major in the Russian Army during World War I, and was captured again by the Germans in World War II as a General of the Polish Army?
- ...that in the 1957 Polish legislative elections, only 723 of 60,000 candidates were allowed to run?
- ...that the events of Polish October together with Hungarian November shook the Eastern Bloc in 1956 and set the course for the Revolutions of 1989?
- ...that Polish-Jewish and American historian Adam Ulam escaped The Holocaust by boarding a ship to study in the U.S. only days before the Germans invaded Poland?
- ...that the defection of Polish secret police agent Józef Światło in 1953 shook the Polish United Workers' Party and led to the liberalization of Polish October?
- ...that the 1928 legislative election is considered the last free election in Poland before the fall of communism six decades later?
- ...that reification is a logical fallacy that occurs when qualities of a living being are attributed to an abstract concept?
- ...that the Institute of National Remembrance, a Polish research institute on modern Polish history, has been in a center of recent Polish politics?
- ...that historical demography, popularized in the 20th century by French historian Louis Henry, is the study of historical records leading to estimations of past human population?
- ...that the Jagiellonian Library of Kraków, dating back to the 14th century, is the largest Polish collection of pre-19th century texts?
- ...that Edward Manning Bigelow is known as the "father of Pittsburgh's parks"?
- ...that the concept of a communist crime was introduced in Polish law to facilitate studying and prosecution of crimes committed by people in authority against Polish citizens or the nation?
- ...that the Kraków szopka is a unique Polish Christmas tradition that portrays artistic interpretations of buildings of Kraków along nativity scenes?
- ...that the summer 1944 Lublin-Brest Offensive of Soviet Army succeeded in bringing the Soviets to the vicinity of Warsaw, where the Warsaw Uprising began?
- ...that Władysław Orkan, a Podhale Polish writer and poet of the Young Poland movement, never passed his matura exams?
- ...that Matysiakowie is both the most popular radio drama in Poland and one of the longest running in the world, with over 2600 episodes broadcast since 1956?
- ...that battle for trade was a phrase introduced by Polish communist propaganda for the nationalization of private sector shops?
- ...that Józef Franczak, last of the cursed soldiers, was a resistance fighter for over half his life?
- ...that a Three-Year Plan succeeded in rebuilding the economy of Poland from World War II devastation?
- ...that before World War II, the Polish Army prioritized defence planning in case of Soviet attack over a plan against German invasion until the late 1930s?
- ...that Józef Mianowski, a 19th century Polish academic and personal physician of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna, falsified university records to give alibis to Polish insurgents in 1860s?
- ...that 19th century Polish general Ludwik Mierosławski led revolutionaries in Poland, Germany and Italy?
- ...that Miss Pittsburgh was the first plane to deliver airmail between Pittsburgh and Cleveland?
- ...that 19th century Polish noble and farmer Stanisław Chełchowski published academic works ranging from ethnography through agriculture to mycology?
- ...that Polish I Corps in Russia, originally intended to fight for the Triple Entente against the Central Powers, was forced to ally itself with the German Ober Ost forces?
- ...that the Polish-Teutonic War of 1519-1521 was the last of the Polish-Teutonic Wars, and ended with the Prussian Homage?
- ...that the 1621 Battle of Khotyn resulted directly in the death of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth leader, hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, and indirectly in the death of the Ottoman Empire commander, sultan Osman II?
- ...that Będzin Castle, an important fortress in medieval Poland, fell into disrepair in the Renaissance era, was almost demolished in the 19th century and was rebuilt only in the 1950s?
- ...that one of the most influential people in Polish-French relations was Napoleon Bonaparte, still considered a hero in Poland and mentioned in the Polish national anthem?
- ...that in the Polish-Ottoman War of 1672-1676, a few years before crippling the Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was forced to sign an unfavorable treaty with the Empire?
- ...that according to a legend, Polish-Lithuanian noble Mikołaj Sapieha stole a Holy Painting from a private Papal chapel in Rome?
- ...that the April 1920 Polish-Ukrainian agreement became the legal justification of the Kiev Offensive against Bolshevik Russia?
- ...that the 10-day battle for the Festung Kolberg in March 1945 was one of the most intense urban battles of the Polish First Army, destroying most of the city?
- ...that the Polish Army in France continued to fight in the Battle of France despite Pétain’s call for armistice and demobilization?
- ...that Stanisław Patek, dropped from the Russian Empire's list of attorneys for defending political dissidents, was later involved in the creation of a new Polish legal system?
- ...that in the Smolensk War, the Russian Tsardom and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth tried various Western military innovations and strategies for the first time?
- ...that Protestant and Orthodox minorities gained significant concessions from the Catholics during the election sejm of 1632?
- ...that the Polish Resettlement Corps was tasked with organizing the 250,000 members of the Polish Armed Forces in the West, over half of whom eventually chose to settle in the UK instead of returning to communist Poland?
- ...that coffin portraits of nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were meant to create an impression that the deceased is taking part in the funeral?
- ...that the Polish historian and survivor of the Nazi German Operation Sonderaktion Krakau Stanisław Kutrzeba formed an underground university in defiance of Nazi edicts?
- ...that the real objective of the 1732 Treaty of Three Black Eagles, where Prussia, Austria and Russia agreed to support the Portugese Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém in elections to the Polish throne, was to create a rift between France and Prussia?
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