Marbach on the Danube

market community Marbach on the Danube
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Lower Austria
Political District :	Melk
License plate :	ME
Surface:	10.68 km²
Coordinates :	48 ° 13 '  N , 15 ° 9'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '0 "  N , 15 ° 9' 0"  E
Height :	219  m above sea level A.
Residents :	1,691 (January 1, 2020)
Population density :	158 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	3671
Area code :	07413
Community code :	3 15 22
Address of the municipal administration:	Marktstrasse 28 3671 Marbach an der Donau
Website:	www.marbach-donau.at
politics
Mayor :	Peter Grafeneder ( ÖVP )
Municipal council : ( Municipal council elections in Lower Austria 2020 ) (19 members)	9 8th 2 9 8th 2  A total of 19 seats SPÖ : 9 ÖVP : 8 FPÖ : 2
Location of Marbach an der Donau in the Melk district
Center of Marbach
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Marbach an der Donau is a market town with 1691 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Melk district in Lower Austria .

geography

Marbach an der Donau is located on the north bank of the Danube and thus on the southern edge of the Waldviertel in Lower Austria, between the cities of Ybbs an der Donau and Pöchlarn on the opposite bank , in the Nibelungengau section of the Danube . The area of ​​the market town covers 10.65 square kilometers. 42.47 percent of the area is forested. An official route of the Way of St. James runs through Marbach .

Community structure

The municipality includes the following seven localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

• Auratsberg (241) including Steinbach and Zinn
• Friesenegg (62)
• Granz (212)
• Cracking (72)
• Krummnußbaum on the Donauuferbahn (611) with stone wall
• Marbach an der Donau (278) including Hinterbrühl
• Shovel (215)

The community consists of the cadastral communities Auratsberg, Granz, Krumnussbaum and Marbach.

Neighboring communities

	Münichreith-Laimbach	Maria Taferl
Court Office Priel		Klein-Pöchlarn
Persenbeug-Gottsdorf	Curved nut tree	Pöchlarn

history

The name “Marbach” was first mentioned in 1144 and meant “Grenzbach”. In this document, however, the name only appears to denote the stream that describes the tithe and parish boundary of Münichreith. The brisk traffic on the Danube caused Marbach to flourish quickly. From here there were trade connections with Bohemia and Moravia . The Griesteig (also called “Bohemian Strass”, “Böhmsteig” or “Donauweg”) began in Marbach.

Around 1429 Marbach was an important shop for salt, grain and wood, which came from the Ostrong and was stacked in the village and (also) delivered to Vienna . In addition, Marbach was a well-known Urfahr across the Danube at that time.

In 1454 various market rights that the citizens of Marbach had were described in detail and in 1575 a Bader (doctor) was mentioned for the first time in Marbach . In 1529 the Turks also advanced to Marbach. Many places were burned down entirely.

In 1578, at the request of the landlord Kaspar von Lindegg , Emperor Rudolf II granted the market in Marbach an der Thonaw, which until now had no coat of arms, the following coat of arms: “A red shield, at the bottom of a water source a white front wall with five battlements and shooting holes, right above a round tower with two cornices, below the first three black shooting holes, above the same three oblong window gaps next to each other, of which the middle one is larger. Above that a tile-colored, pointed roof with a gold button and a hexagonal gold star at the two upper corners of the shield. "

Marpach (by Matthäus Merian) around 1680

In the following centuries Marbach was not spared from the Peasants' War (1596–1597), the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) and the “Black Death” ( plague ) (1679–1680).

Viticulture in this region reached its peak around 1600 , favored by the Pannonian climate that reached here at that time . From various documents, rulership acts, etc., viticulture can be proven at least from the 770s to the 1870s, but wine was probably cultivated here much earlier (see: Viticulture in Austria ). Due to climatic changes and ultimately the phylloxera infestation, which slowly spread from Klosterneuburg from 1872 , the region west of the Wachau became increasingly unsuitable for wine at the end of the 19th century, until it finally disappeared completely at the beginning of the 20th century. Remains of the wine terraces along the hiking trails still testify to this former branch of industry.

Documents and remains of crucibles point to a long history of graphite mining in Marbach an der Donau. In 1820, when searching for hard coal on the Steinbach, graphite was found, which was initially ignored. It was not until 1830 that a complete plant with main and auxiliary buildings was built by the County of Francken-Sierstorpff. In 1854 56 t were extracted. An analysis of the rock from 1903 shows 47.07% or 49.07% raw graphite and 73.55% flake graphite. Since then, nothing more has been known about this mining on the Steinbach. Graphite is also said to have been mined near Kracking and Auratsberg at the end of the 19th century.

In 1848, the year of the revolution, the government took administration, jurisdiction and taxation into its own hands and organized them according to uniform principles. On September 7, 1848, the relationship of subjects was completely abolished, tithe and robot were abolished, the first mayors were elected and on March 17, 1849 the municipalities were granted self-government. District courts with gendarmerie posts were set up in Pöggstall and Marbach.

Regular Danube crossings are said to have existed as early as 1319. Due to the steadily increasing trade and the geographically favorable location of Marbach (beginning of the Böhmsteig, at the foot of the pilgrimage site Maria Taferl ), the crossings became more numerous over time. If the ferryman had paying guests on the Urfahr, he had to let the citizens of Marbach ride along free of charge. Finally, in 1860, Markt Marbach had a flying bridge ( gier cable ferry ) built. This was inaugurated on July 1st, 1860 by Bishop Ignaz Feigerle (Pöchlarn only got a "flying bridge" in 1893). In 1903 the flying bridge was converted to a roller ferry, which was renovated in 1925 for 37,000 schillings . In 1954 a new ferry was bought, which had to be stopped with the construction of the power station in Melk (completed in 1982). After that, a small motor ferry for pedestrians and cyclists ran between the two banks of the Danube, which was decommissioned after the construction of the Danube bridge Pöchlarn (2003) and has since been available as an excursion boat for tourists under the name "MS Marbach". If necessary, she still takes over ferry operations.

In 1854 the district court in Marbach was closed. In 1887 Sigmund Conrad von Eybesfeld certified a fire brigade consisting of 4 crews. In 1926 the town of Marbach was supplied with electricity for the first time.

In 1971 the place Krummnussbaum on the Donauuferbahn and the formerly independent communities of Marbach and Auratsberg were merged to form a market town.

Due to the floods in 2013 , a 3.6 km long Danube flood protection structure was implemented from the end of 2016, which was completed in mid-June 2019.

Population development

Population development from 1785 to 2012

According to the results of the 2001 census , there were 1664 inhabitants. Further data:

year	Residents
1991	1620
1981	1623
1971	1605
1961	1652
1951	1660
1939	1677
1934	1647
1923	1386
1910	1495
1900	1416
1890	1295
1880	1259
1869	1308
1846	1117
1830	1064
1794	1021
1785	1050 (fuzzy value)

Information prior to 1869 mostly relate to tax, manorial, church or military sources. Statistics Austria (formerly: Austrian Central Statistical Office) carried out data from 1869 onwards . The censuses from 1869 to 1923 relate to the “local population” and from 1934 to the “resident population”. In 1939, reference was made to the "permanent population plus professional military personnel and Reich labor clerks".

politics

The municipal council has 19 members.

• With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 1990, the municipal council had the following distribution: 10 SPÖ, 7 ÖVP and 2 Marbach list.
• With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 1995, the municipal council had the following distribution: 12 SPÖ, 5 ÖVP, 1 Marbach list and 1 FPÖ.
• With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2000, the municipal council had the following distribution: 12 SPÖ and 7 ÖVP.
• With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2005 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 10 SPÖ and 9 ÖVP.
• With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2010 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 12 SPÖ and 7 ÖVP.
• With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2015 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 12 SPÖ and 7 ÖVP.
• With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria 2020, the municipal council has the following distribution: 9 SPÖ; 8 ÖVP and 2 FPÖ

mayor

• until 2008 Peter Riedl (SPÖ)
• 2008 to 01/2020 Anton Gruber (SPÖ)
• 02/2020 to 03/2020 Renate Hebenstreit (SPÖ)
• since 03/2020 Peter Grafeneder (ÖVP)

economy

In 2001 there were 97 non-agricultural workplaces, and according to the 1999 survey there were 62 in agriculture and forestry. According to the 2001 census, the number of people in employment at home was 726. The 2001 employment rate was 44.83 percent.

traffic

• Street: Marbach is located directly on the B3 ( Donau Straße ) and is the start of the L83 state road .
• Shipping: Marbach has a sports boat harbor with approx. 200 parking spaces. There is also a ship landing stage for Danube cruises (river kilometer 2049.5).
• Rail: Marbach has a connection to the Donauuferbahn and therefore has a “Marbach - Maria Taferl” station, which was closed in 2010.

Culture and sights

Parish church Marbach an der Donau

Elementary school Marbach an der Donau

See also:  List of listed objects in Marbach an der Donau

• Catholic parish church Marbach an der Donau hl. Martin: The baroque parish church stands at the foot of the Kalvarienberg . A baptistery was probably built in the 9th century. In 1200, the Lords of Streitwiesen founded their own parish and became patronage holders; the parish was spun off from the Passau property. In 1677 the church burned down and was rebuilt and furnished. In 1843 the nave was completely rebuilt and the tower was given its current baroque dome, the two side altars are from 1846. In 1999 the Habsburgs' renunciation of patronage was accepted by the diocese. The gate to the churchyard is crowned by a baroque stone sculpture of St. Martin in a bishop's robe with a goose .

• Manor house: The manor house has two towers on the Danube side, on the wall of the house you can find the coat of arms of the Starhemberg-Schaumburg and Löwenstein-Wertheim families . In 1575 the house was owned by the Weissenberg Lordship, who had it converted into a manor house. In 1678 the house came into the possession of the Starhemberg family . Emperor Franz I bought the manor house and the entire Weißenberg estate in 1816. Empress Carolina Augusta founded a convent school for girls in the manor house in 1867, followed by a kindergarten in 1897 . Due to lack of space, an extension was built in 1917 for a new kindergarten. This was designed by the builder of the school, Clemens Holzmeister . In 1971 the girls' school was closed again, and a year later the community bought and rebuilt the house. Since 1975 the manor house has housed the community doctor, a dentist and the kindergarten.

• City Hall: The building was built in 1570 as a bourgeois house and bought by the municipality in 1848. In 1930 a floor was added. In 1972 the cross vault from 1580 and the stucco ceiling of the office from 1720 were restored. The town hall houses the municipal office, the registry office, the citizenship association and the municipal association for the water supply system .

• Elementary school Marbach an der Donau : In 1493 a multi-storey grain bin for the fruit trade was built on the site of today's schoolhouse, directly in front of the pillory square. It was not removed until 1914 and a new school building was erected. The architect was Clemens Holzmeister, who later became famous. It was his first work. At first the school was only approved for boys, but after the girls' school closed in 1971, they were also allowed to attend elementary school. In 1977 the facade of the elementary school was redesigned under the supervision of the 92-year-old builder and is now an adornment of the market. In 2002 the school was hit by the flood of the century and then renovated.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

• Joseph Preindl (1756–1823), organist and composer (mainly of hymns)
• Joseph Johann Achleitner (1791–1828), composer

Web links

Commons : Marbach an der Donau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Marpach in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Community website
• 31522 - Marbach on the Danube. Community data, Statistics Austria .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Stages and map of the Way of St. James Austria 
2. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
3. ↑ [1] (PDF; 1.5 MB) Martin Hofbauer: Formation and structure of the rule and ownership of the Passau Monastery in the 13th and 14th centuries (geographically, economically and socially), shown on the Passau land registers , p 277
4. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ [2] (PDF; 10.5 MB) Heinrich L. Werneck & Hermann Kohl: MAP OF THE HISTORICAL VINEYARD IN UPPER AUSTRIA
6. ^ Announcements of the kk Moravian-Silesian Society for the Promotion of Agriculture (etc.) . Traßler, January 1, 1834 ( google.com [accessed June 22, 2016]).
7. ↑ [3] (PDF; 652 kB) Herwig Holzer: The flake graphite deposits in the extra-alpine basement mountains of Upper and Lower Austria
8. ↑ Access plan to the Pöchlarn boarding point. YACHT Assist Yachthandels GesmbH, archived from the original on August 21, 2013 ; accessed on August 22, 2019 (original website no longer available). 
9. ↑ About us. Voluntary fire brigade Marbach / Donau, archived from the original on September 9, 2012 ; accessed on August 22, 2019 (original website no longer available). 
10. ^ Municipality of Marbach: construction of the Marbach flood protection begins ; accessed on Oct. 6, 2018
11. ↑ Marbach protected from floods as in 2013. noe.orf.at, June 15, 2019, accessed on June 15, 2019 . 
12. ↑ [4] (PDF; 1.3 MB) Community newspaper December 2003
13. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.2 MB) “Historical Ortlexikon Statistical Documentation on the Population and Settlement History of Lower Austria”, page 143 
14. ^ Result of the local council election 1995 in Marbach an der Donau. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, March 30, 2000, accessed on November 20, 2019 . 
15. ^ Election result of the municipal council election 2000 in Marbach an der Donau. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, February 4, 2005, accessed on November 20, 2019 . 
16. ^ Result of the 2005 municipal council election in Marbach an der Donau. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, March 4, 2005, accessed on November 20, 2019 . 
17. ^ Election result of the municipal council election 2010 in Marbach an der Donau. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, October 8, 2010, accessed on November 20, 2019 . 
18. ^ Election result of the 2015 municipal council election in Marbach an der Donau. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, December 1, 2015, accessed on November 20, 2019 . 
19. ^ Ex-local chief Gruber: "With the FPÖ? Never! ” February 11, 2020, accessed February 15, 2020 .