Škofja Loka

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Škofja Loka
Bischoflack
Škofja Loka coat of arms Map of Slovenia, position of Škofja Loka highlighted
Basic data
Country SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia
Historic region Upper Carniola / Gorenjska
Statistical region Gorenjska (Upper Carniola)
Coordinates 46 ° 10 '  N , 14 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 9 '57 "  N , 14 ° 18' 27"  E
surface 145.0  km²
Residents 22,647 (2008)
Population density 156 inhabitants per km²
Post Code 4220
License Plate KR
Structure and administration
Website
Bischoflack in the 17th century
Bischoflack 1697 on a painting in the Fürstengang in Freising
Škofja Loka

Škofja Loka ( German Bischoflack , Bischofslack , 1941-1945 Laak an der Zaier ) is a town and a municipality in Slovenia . It lies on the Sora (German Zayer / Zeier) and the state railway line Ljubljana – Tarvisio and extends over an area of ​​145 km².

Residents

The entire municipality of Škofja Loka consists of 62 villages and hamlets.

Population development
year 1850 2000 2004 2008
Residents 02,293 22,146 22,226 22,647

history

The place name Škofja Loka reminds of the German foundation of the place. The place is called Bischoflack in German . The " skoof " (= Old High German bishop) was the prince-bishop of Freising , then Bishop Abraham von Freising , to whom the area was given on June 30, 973 by Emperor Otto II . Loka (= Slovenian Au). The first documentary mention was made in the deed of donation.

Strategically located at the confluence of Selzacher (Selska) and Pöllander (Poljanska) Zaier (Sora), the Freising bishops planned to develop it into an administrative center of their rule: in 1248 the market rights were put on record, in 1262 the inhabitants were called "cives" (citizens) , 1310 Bischoflack received city rights. The city wall was mentioned in a document before 1286; with its five gates, it dates from the 14th century. The rule of the Bishops of Freising, which belonged to Bischoflack, finally encompassed an area of ​​around 500 km² and around 200 villages.

In the "following centuries the bishops developed a considerable settlement movement" and called for the construction of the city and the reclamation of the thinly populated area, mainly German colonists, especially for the valley of the Selzach Zaier (Selščica). They came mainly from the areas of the then Duchy of Bavaria . Their dialect remained alive in some places into the 20th century and points to an origin in Tyrol ( Pustertal ), for example in the language island of Zarz (Sorica) and in the nearby Deutschruth (Nemški Rut), which belonged to the Aquileja monastery .

Regarding Zaierfeld (sl. Sorško poljee), the plain between Bischoflack and Krainburg (Kranj), and its residents, Valvasor wrote in 1689 in his description of the country of the Duchy of Carniola : " Among the same / one hears dreyerley languages; as the right Creinerische / right Teutsche / and / thirdly / the mixture of the Crainerisch and the Teutschen . "

Of the numerous setbacks caused by fires, plague, the effects of war and other catastrophes, the earthquake of 1515 turned out to be particularly serious because it almost completely devastated the city; Bishop Philipp had it rebuilt quickly, however, in a form that has been preserved to this day.

Freising existed until 1803, when the city fell to Austria.

In 1888, Bischoflack was part of the Krainburg district administration in the Austrian Duchy of Krain . It had a district court ( judicial district Bischoflack ), a Capuchin convent and an Ursuline convent , a Gothic parish church, an old castle, production of woolen blankets and parquet.

During the German occupation in World War II , the city bore the official German name Laak an der Zaier . Since it belonged to Yugoslavia and later Slovenia, the city has been called Škofja Loka today.

coat of arms

The city coat of arms shows the Freising Mohr , because Bischoflack belonged to the Hochstift Freising . The Freising coat of arms can still be seen on numerous houses in the old town.

Attractions

Skofja Loka Castle

The city center with the town square (mestni trg) and the lower square (spodnji trg) are particularly worth seeing; above is that

  • City palace of the bishop. In 1202 this was called castrum firmissimum , i.e. a very strongly fortified castle. The castle had to be extensively repaired after the earthquake in 1511. Today it houses a museum. The St. Lucia , the palace chapel has an eight-sided floor plan and is equipped with baroque altars. The dome is decorated with stucco and painting. The chapel is currently (autumn 2018) being restored.

  • View into the castle museum

  • View into the dome of the palace chapel

  • An altar of the palace chapel

Jakobskirche
  • The Jakobskirche was built in 1471 on the foundations of an older church. The stone relief of the tympanum in the pointed arch of the Gothic west portal shows Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane . The three naves of the late Gothic hall building are the same height. The choir adjoins the central nave with a 3/8 end and three-bay star rib vault with stitch caps.

  • Tympanum of the west portal

  • St.Jakob, interior view

  • View towards the organ gallery

  • Choir vault

  • The main altar

Capuchin Bridge over the Sora
Homan house
  • The nuns church (Maria Immaculata) dates back to 1358 and was rebuilt in 1669 in baroque style. Founded as the Poor Clare Monastery , the house passed into the possession of the Ursulines in 1782 , who set up a girls' school there.
  • The Capuchin Bridge was built on the initiative of Bishop Leopold in the 14th century, who also became its first victim shortly after completion: he fell down into the creek while riding over the handrailless bridge and drowned. Since 1888 it has had an iron railing and a statue of the bridge saint Nepomuk .
  • The Homan House was built after the 1511 earthquake. It is a city palace with three floors that combines late Gothic with Renaissance elements.
  • The granary: it was used to store taxes in kind and was renovated after the earthquake of 1511.
  • The hospital church was originally a poor house that was built in 1547. In 1698 the building fell victim to the flames and had to be rebuilt.
  • The Žigon House, a building from the 16th century, is now used by the city administration.
  • The old town hall on Mestni trg was built in the 16th century; a restoration of the facade in 1972 brought baroque frescoes to light.

Town twinning

Sister towns of Škofja Loka are

  • BelgiumBelgium Maasmechelen , Flanders, Belgium, since 1999
  • GermanyGermany Freising , Bavaria, Germany, since 2004
  • Czech RepublicCzech Republic Tábor , Bohemia, Czech Republic, since 2006

Furthermore, Škofja Loka is the Slovenian member of the European city community Douzelage , to which one city from each of the EU states belongs.

Born in Škofja Loka

Districts of the entire municipality

literature

  • Janez Bizjak, Ludwig Druml, Manfred Gietler, Paul Gleirscher, Josef Götz, Hans Haid: “Grenzlose Karawanken” (pp. 287–294), Edition: LEEB: ENSZEICHEN, Feistritz / Gail 2008, Verlag Gerhard Leeb; ISBN 978-3-9502379-0-0

Web links

Commons : Škofja Loka  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Bischoffs-Lack in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Bischoffs-Lack in the appendix of the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Miha Kosi (Laibach): City foundation and city development. Problems and examples from the Slovenian area . In: Pro Civitate Austriae. Information on urban history research in Austria , New Series, Issue 14, Austrian Working Group for Urban History Research, Linz 2009, p. 7
  2. ↑ Clemens Dasler: Forest and Wildbann in the early German Empire: the royal privileges for the imperial church from the 9th to the 12th century . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2001, ISBN 978-3-412-12800-5 , p. 86 ( google.at [accessed on June 22, 2018]).
  3. ^ Slovenia, a transit country: German culture off the main road . In: ZEIT ONLINE . ( zeit.de [accessed on June 22, 2018]).
  4. ↑ The Crowned Moor - SKOFJA LOKA. Retrieved June 22, 2018 .
  5. ^ Zarz / Sorica and Deutschrut / Rut - Sprachinselverein Wien. Retrieved June 22, 2018 .
  6. ^ Heinz-Dieter Pohl: Slovenian-German language contact. 1995, accessed June 22, 2018 .
  7. ^ City website , accessed May 15, 2017
  8. ↑ http://mapire.eu/de/map/firstsurvey/?layers=osm%2C1%2C73&bbox=1587577.6644707064%2C5803163.126100248%2C1599807.5889963347%2C5808332.180138033
  9. ↑ http://mapire.eu/de/map/firstsurvey/?layers=osm%2C1%2C73&bbox=1589055.701569075%2C5808277.9202325%2C1601285.6260947033%2C5813446.974270285
  10. ↑ http://mapire.eu/de/map/firstsurvey/?layers=osm%2C1%2C73&bbox=1592903.03189557%2C5803720.362129415%2C1605132.9564211983%2C5808889.416167201
  11. ↑ http://mapire.eu/de/map/firstsurvey/?layers=osm%2C1%2C73&bbox=1592903.03189557%2C5803720.362129415%2C1605132.9564211983%2C5808889.416167201