Canadian Pacific Air Lines

Canadian Pacific Air Lines
IATA code :	CP
ICAO code :	CPC
Call sign :	EMPRESS
Founding:	1942
Operation stopped:	1987
Seat:	Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
Turnstile :	Toronto Airport , Vancouver International Airport
Home airport :	Vancouver International Airport
Fleet size:	48 (without subsidiaries)
Aims:	National and international
Canadian Pacific Air Lines ceased operations in 1987. The information in italics refer to the last status before the end of operation.

The Canadian Pacific Air Lines (abbreviated CPAL ; operating under the name CP Air from October 1968 to December 1985 ) was a Canadian airline that was founded in 1942 as a subsidiary of the Canadian Pacific Railway . In 1987 the company merged with two other airlines to form Canadian Airlines International , which in turn was fully integrated into Air Canada in January 2001 .

founding

A Barkley-Grow T8P-1 of the Canadian Pacific Air Lines in the 1940s.

In the early 1940s, the Canadian Pacific Railway had successively bought ten smaller regional airlines and merged them on January 30, 1942 under the name United Air Service . From March 24, 1942, the company used the company name Canadian Pacific Air Lines , which became the official name of the airline on May 16, 1942. Initially, the company did not have a coherent network of routes. Passengers and cargo were carried to northern Canada on separate routes from Edmonton , Flin Flon , Montreal , Regina , Roberval , Senneterre , Winnipeg and Vancouver . In 1942, the company sought a full merger with the state airline Trans-Canada Air Lines , but this was prohibited by the Canadian government. Instead, from 1943 onwards , Canadian Pacific carried out feeder services for Trans-Canada Air Lines in addition to its own flights . The permission to take up transcontinental scheduled flights , applied for in 1944, was rejected by the Canadian Ministry of Transport because traffic on the lucrative east-west connections was reserved exclusively for the state-owned Trans-Canada Air Lines . Due to this regulation, Canadian Pacific Air Lines was only able to slowly close the existing gaps in its national route network from 1958. After the Second World War, the company moved its headquarters from Montreal to Vancouver and changed the spelling of its name to Canadian Pacific Airlines . At the same time, the fleet was largely standardized with Douglas DC-3 and C-47 purchased second-hand .

Start of international flights

A Douglas DC-8-43 of Canadian Pacific Airlines in 1968th

Canadian Pacific Airlines began planning international scheduled flights in the late 1940s. The Canadian Ministry of Transport ordered the company to only set up routes that had not previously been flown by the state-owned Trans-Canada Air Lines . After taking over four Canadair C-4 machines , the company opened its first international connection on July 13, 1949, which ran from Vancouver via Honolulu and Fiji to Sydney . In addition, scheduled flights from Vancouver via Tokyo and Shanghai to Hong Kong were started in the same year . The planned use of jet aircraft on the Pacific lines was abandoned in 1953 after the first machine of the De Havilland DH.106 Comet type crashed on March 3, 1953 on the transfer flight . Instead, the company used Douglas DC-6 aircraft on its long-haul routes in the 1950s . From October 16, 1953, Canadian Pacific flew from Vancouver to Mexico City and Lima . This route was extended to Buenos Aires from 1957 and to Santiago de Chile from 1958 . Amsterdam was the first European city to be included in the flight plan on June 3, 1955. In 1957 there were scheduled connections from Toronto to Lisbon and Madrid and from 1960 to Rome and from 1968 to Athens . In addition, other European cities were chartered to. On April 9, 1958 was Canadian Pacific , the first of its six turboprop machines of the type Bristol Britannia . That same year, the government first allowed the company to operate a daily transcontinental scheduled flight from Montreal to Vancouver. From February 22, 1961, the first Douglas DC-8 jet aircraft were delivered to the company, which replaced the Douglas DC-6 and Bristol Britannia on long-haul routes by the mid-1960s.

CP Air

A Boeing 737-200 of CP Air in 1,983th

In 1968 Canadian Pacific Railway reorganized its group structure and introduced the uniform brand name CP for all subsidiaries (see CP Rail , CP Hotels , CP Ships ). Accordingly, in the fall of 1968, Canadian Pacific Airlines was renamed CP Air . On October 21, 1968, the first Boeing 737-200 was delivered to the company, which was also the first aircraft to wear the new CP Air livery. Boeing 747-200 wide-body aircraft expanded the fleet from November 15, 1973. The existing restrictions in Canadian air traffic were largely lifted in the course of continuous liberalization until 1979, which enabled the company to expand its national route network and increase the number of its daily flights. For this purpose, the company ordered additional Boeing 737-200s and four long-haul aircraft of the type McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 at the end of the 1970s , which were delivered from March 1979.

At the beginning of the 1980s, CP Air had to contend with falling passenger numbers and increased costs. As a result, the company started making losses in 1981. The company tried to cut operating costs by selling the remaining Douglas DC-8 (until 1983), Boeing 727 (until 1984) and Boeing 747 (until 1985). At the same time, the fleet was standardized and modernized with the new Boeing 737-300 and additional McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30s. The company also expanded and acquired Eastern Provincial Airways (EPA) in April 1984 and Nordair in October 1985, two regional airlines, which expanded the route network and operated feeder flights to the newly established hub of CP Air in Toronto.

In December 1985 the subsidiary Eastern Provincial Airways was fully integrated into CP Air . In the course of this merger, CP Air took on December 17, 1985 its original name Canadian Pacific Air Lines . From the beginning of 1986, the aircraft of the two companies were given a new, uniform color scheme. At the same time, the brand name Canadian Pacific was introduced, with some aircraft also bearing the French Canadien Pacifique .

Merger with Pacific Western Airlines

The heavily indebted Canadian Pacific Air Lines and their previously independent subsidiary Nordair were bought on January 2, 1987 by the airline Pacific Western Airlines (PWA) at a price of 300 million Canadian dollars. In addition, the PWA assumed the debt of Canadian Pacific Air Lines , which amounted to 600 million Canadian dollars. On April 26, 1987, the three airlines officially merged to form Canadian Airlines International .

Incidents

A Bristol Britannia at Manchester Airport in 1965.

• On September 9, 1949, a Douglas DC-3 (C-47) ( aircraft registration number CF-CUA ) crashed as a result of a bomb explosion. The machine was on the flight from Montreal to Baie-Comeau . All 23 people on board were killed. The cause of the crash turned out to be a bomb attack by a man who wanted to collect an insurance sum for his wife on board (see also Canadian Pacific Air Lines flight 108 ) .

• On February 9, 1950, rolled over Canadair C-4 (CF-CPR) on the Tokyo International Airport , the end of the runway and crashed into the Bay of Tokyo . All 15 inmates survived. The aircraft was written off as a total loss.

• On December 22, 1950, the pilots of a Douglas DC-3 (C-47A) (CF-CUF) fell below the minimum flight altitude on the approach to Penticton ; the plane hit a forest. Both pilots were killed. The 15 passengers and one other crew member survived the accident.

• On July 21, 1951 a Douglas DC-4 of Canadian Pacific Air Lines (CF-CPC) disappeared on the flight from Vancouver to Anchorage between Sitka and Yakutat . The machine was supposed to fly on to Korea via Tokyo. To date, neither wreckage nor inmates have been found. All 37 people on board were pronounced dead.

• On March 3, 1953, the pilots of a De Havilland DH.106 Comet 1A (CF-CUN) of the Canadian Pacific Airlines took the aircraft nose up too steeply when taking off from Karachi ; the machine shot over the end of the track and fell into a dry river bed. The machine was on its delivery flight to Canada. All 11 inmates were killed. It was the first fatal accident involving a passenger jet.

• On May 11, 1953, an amphibious plane of the Consolidated PBY-5A Canso (CF-CRV) crashed while landing in Prince Rupert . One passenger and one crew member died.

• On August 29, 1956, a Douglas DC-6B (CF-CUP) crashed while taking off at Cold Bay Airport . Of the 22 occupants, 11 passengers and 4 crew members were killed.

• On July 22, 1962, the crew of a Bristol Britannia 314 (CF-CZB) reported an engine failure after taking off from Honolulu Airport . The plane returned to the airport and had an accident while attempting an emergency landing. The accident claimed 27 lives; 13 inmates survived.

• On July 8, 1965, all 52 occupants of a Douglas DC-6 B (CF-CUQ) died after the tail of the aircraft was separated from the fuselage by a bomb explosion. The machine was on the flight from Vancouver to Prince George (see also Canadian Pacific Air Lines flight 21 ) .

• On March 4, 1966, a Douglas DC-8-43 (CF-CPK) flew into the water off the runway of Tokyo Haneda Airport in the dark and with poor visibility . The accident cost the lives of 64 of the 72 occupants (see Canadian Pacific Airlines Flight 402 ) .

The damaged vertical stabilizer of the CP Air Douglas DC-8-63 after the collision in Sydney .

• On February 7, 1968, a Boeing 707-138B (N791SA) leased from Standard Airways rolled over the end of the runway after landing at Vancouver International Airport and crashed into a building. One crew member and one person on the ground were killed. The approach and landing were carried out by the US pilots well below the prescribed minimum values (see also Canadian Pacific Airlines flight 322 ) .

• On January 29, 1971, an air traffic controller's mistake led to a serious incident at Sydney Airport . The crew of a Boeing 727-200 (VH-TJA) of Trans Australia Airlines was given take-off clearance, although a Douglas DC-8-63 (CF-CPQ) of CP Air that had previously landed was on the runway . The Boeing crashed after take-off with the vertical stabilizer of the DC-8 and was torn on the hull bottom, the hydraulic systems were damaged. The Australian pilots managed to land the machine safely. The 220 passengers and 20 crew members of the two aircraft were not injured.

fleet

A McDonnell Douglas DC-10 of CP Air at Faro Airport .

In the course of its history the company operated the following types of aircraft:

Barkley-Grow T8P-1 Bellanca 66-76 Aircruiser Bristol Britannia 314 Boeing 707-138B (leased from Standard Airways) Boeing 727-100 and 727-200 Boeing 737-200 and 737-300 Boeing 747-200 Canadair C-4 Consolidated PBY-5A Convair CV-240 Curtiss C-46

de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter De Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide De Havilland DH.106 Comet (crash of the first machine on the transfer flight , then no further missions.) Douglas C-54 Douglas DC-3 and C-47 Douglas DC-6A and DC-6B Douglas DC-8-43, DC-8-53, DC-8-55CF and DC-8-63 Junkers Ju 52 / 1m Lockheed 14 Lockheed 18th McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 and DC-10-10 (Version DC-10-10 leased from United Airlines ) Noorduyn Norseman

See also

• Former Airlines List (America)

Web links

Commons : Canadian Pacific Air Lines  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

• Data on the company Canadian Pacific Air Lines in Aviation Safety Network (English)
• Canadian Pacific Airlines photos (1950 to 1968)
• Photos from CP Air (period 1968 to 1985)
• Canadian Pacific Air Lines photos (1986-1987)
• Information about the airline CP Air

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b c} Airline Markings and Commercial Aircraft, D. Donald, London 1985
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Aviation ( English, French ) In: The Canadian Encyclopedia .
3. ^ CP Air Annual Report 1983, History
4. ↑ Canadian Pacific Air Lines, Route Network and Flight Schedule, December 1, 1943 [1]
5. ↑ CBC News Online, Indepth: Air Canada History
6. ↑ ^{a b} Aero, Edition 202, 1987
7. ↑ Aircraft accident data and report in the Aviation Safety Network (English)
8. ^ Flight International, April 12, 1962
9. ^ CP Air, flight plan, October 27, 1968
10. ^ Canadian Pacific Airlines, Flight Schedule, July 1, 1959
11. ↑ Boeing 737-100 and 200, M. Sharpe & R. Shaw, Osceola 2001
12. ↑ jp airline fleets 74
13. ↑ Chapter 3: Taking Control - The Canadian Transport Commission, 1967 to 1988 [2]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
14. ↑ DC-10s at Canadian Airlines
15. ↑ jp airline-fleets international, Edition 80
16. ^ CP Air Annual Report 1983, Five Year Summary
17. ↑ jp airline-fleets international, Edition 84, 85, 86
18. ^ History of Canadian Airways 764 ( Memento from March 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
19. ↑ jp airline-fleets international, Edition 86
20. ↑ jp airline-fleets international, Edition 87/88
21. ^ Accident report DC-3 CF-CUA , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 30, 2017.
22. ↑ Accident report Canadair North Star CF-CPR , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 30, 2017.
23. ^ Accident report DC-3 CF-CUF , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 30, 2017.
24. ↑ Air-Britain Archive: Casualty compendium part 53 (English), June 1994, pp. 94/53.
25. ^ Accident report DC-4 CF-CPC , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on August 26, 2017.
26. ↑ Air-Britain Archive: Casualty compendium (English), March 1995, pp. 95/25.
27. ^ Accident report Comet 1A CF-CUN , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on August 20, 2017.
28. ^ Accident report PBY-5A Canso CF-CRV , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 30, 2017.
29. ↑ Accident report DC-6B CF-CUP , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 30, 2017.
30. ^ Accident report Britannia CF-CZB , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on December 18, 2015.
31. ^ Accident report DC-6B CF-CUQ , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on December 18, 2015.
32. ^ Accident report DC-8-43 CF-CPK , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 30, 2017.
33. ↑ Accident Report B-707 N791SA , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on 30 November 2017th
34. ↑ Official investigation report of the incident with the participation of Douglas DC-8-63 CF-CPQ (PDF)
35. ↑ Flight International, various issues
36. ↑ JP airline markings, JP airline-fleets international, various years