Bonnie and Clyde

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Bonnie and Clyde in March 1933; Photo found by police in hiding in Joplin , Missouri

Bonnie and Clyde was one of the criminals Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (born October 1, 1910 in Rowena , Runnels County , Texas , † May 23, 1934 in Bienville Parish , Louisiana ) and Clyde Chestnut Barrow (born March 24, 1909 in Telico , Ellis County , Texas; † May 23, 1934 in Bienville Parish, Louisiana) American criminal duo.

Bonnie and Clyde moved during the Great Depression through the Midwest of the United States and raided along with other criminals gang-grocery stores, gas stations and smaller banks in the country, where they carried out a total of 14 murders (mainly police officers). Their crimes, along with those of others such as John Dillinger and Alvin Karpis, caused a considerable stir in the United States during the economic crisis from 1931 to 1935. This period was also known as the era of the public enemy ("Public Enemy Era").

The historical persons

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Bonnie Parker was born in Rowena, Texas in 1910. Her father, Charles Parker, was a bricklayer . When he died in 1914, Bonnie's mother Emma Krause Parker moved with Bonnie, her older brother Hubert and younger sister Billie Jean Moon to a suburb of West Dallas, called Cement City . Bonnie was a good student. When she was 16, she married her sandpit lover Roy Thornton. While it was not a good marriage, she did not divorce, even when Thornton was sentenced to five years in prison in 1929. Bonnie had a tattoo of Roy and Bonnie above her right knee . She also probably still wore Thornton's wedding ring when she died. She had a penchant for writing and the arts. Her poem The Story of Bonnie and Clyde is a personal description of her antics.

Clyde Barrow was born in Telico near Dallas in 1909 . He was one of several children of poor farm workers. He was first put on record by the police in 1926, when he did not put a rental car back on time and was arrested after an escape. Soon after, he and his brother Marvin “Buck” Barrow were arrested for possession of stolen turkeys. From 1927 to 1929 he did various jobs, but at the same time he broke into safes, robbed shops and stole cars. After arrests in 1928 and 1929, he was sent to Eastham Prison Farm in April 1930. There he was sexually abused several times by a fellow inmate , and this traumatic experience was to change the rest of his life. It turned a petty criminal into a brutal gangster and murderer. He first slew his rapist in prison - a fellow inmate who was imprisoned for life took the guilt on himself. Then he swore revenge and retribution to the Texas police and justice system for what he went through. When he was paroled in February 1932, he was a different person. His sister Marie did not recognize him. It was the start of a series of serious crimes and cat-and-mouse games with the police that made him and Bonnie famous.

Even before his two-year jail stay, in January 1930, Clyde met Bonnie by chance in Oak Cliff, near Dallas, and the two became a couple. When he got to jail two months later, Bonnie got him a gun and smuggled it past the guards. He managed to escape with the gun, but was caught again a week later in Ohio . During his jail stay in 1932, Clyde had a fellow inmate chop off the big toe of his left foot and a piece of another toe with an ax to avoid the hard work there. This would ruin his way of walking for the rest of his life and make it difficult for him to wear shoes while driving an automobile. It is unclear where he or one of his fellow inmates got the ax from. After Clyde was released in February 1932, Bonnie stayed by his side.

After a failed robbery in March 1932, Bonnie was sentenced to prison in Kaufman, Texas, but was released in June. The duo led a small group of like-minded people who soon became known as the Barrow gang . In total, the gang killed nine police officers between 1932 and 1934. Bonnie and Clyde kept getting away from the police because security services were poorly paid and poorly coordinated at the time of the Depression , and Clyde left the police on every car chase with his 1932 Model 18 Ford V8 , the latest development from the car manufacturer. He is also said to have written a letter to the Ford Motor Company praising the virtues of the V8. A letter addressed to Henry Ford personally and signed with Clyde Champion Barrow was received there. The authenticity of this letter is doubtful. Around the same time, Ford received a similar letter from someone claiming to be John Dillinger. The company used both letters in its advertising. Bonnie's poem, The Story of Bonnie and Clyde , mentioned above has been published by a number of newspapers.

Photo of the FBI from the shelter of the Barrow gang in April 1933

On their raid through the states of Texas , Oklahoma , New Mexico and Missouri , the Barrow gang, which at that time consisted of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow from Barrow's older brother Buck, his wife Blanche and William Daniel Jones, used an apartment in April 1933 in Joplin , Missouri for twelve days as shelter. In June 1933, Clyde and Bonnie were driving at night. Clyde overlooked a sign that was supposed to signal the construction of a bridge. The two broke the barrier at about 70 miles an hour. The car hit the ground after a brief free fall. Sulfuric acid leaked from the vehicle battery and burned Bonnie's right leg. The skin had third degree burns and very deep burns. This accident caused Bonnie to have a bad limp just like Clyde. Sometimes the discomfort and pain were so severe that she jumped more than she walked and even had to be carried by Clyde from time to time. Buck was fatally injured and his wife arrested during a July 1933 police raid near Platte City, Missouri .

In 1934, Clyde's most symbolic act of revenge came: he raided the Eastham prison farm. Two guards were killed and several inmates were freed. Bonnie and Clyde were traveling with one of them, Henry Methvin, heavily armed when they were stopped by two Highway Patrol officers near Grapevine , Texas on April 1, 1934 . Methvin started shooting, killing the officers. Five days later, the group shot and killed another officer at Commerce , Oklahoma .

Wrecked Ford V8 in which Bonnie and Clyde were killed
Memorial stone at the place where Bonnie and Clyde were shot

In the meantime, the former Texas ranger Francis Augustus Hamer was following the gangster duo's heels. He drove the same Ford model as Clyde and worked closely with the FBI . In Dallas, the phones of Bonnie's and Clyde's families were tapped, and soon Hamer knew all about their habits. After the liberation of Henry Methvin, Hamer had negotiated in secret with his family and won father Methvin to work with him. With his help, Bonnie and Clyde were lured into a trap. Father Methvin, whom they knew, faked a flat tire at Black Lake in Louisiana on May 23, 1934 , where investigators had set up an ambush with heavy weapons and with clear intent to kill. When Parker and Barrow drove by at 9:15 a.m. and stopped at Methvin's father, their Ford was riddled with 167 bullets from automatic weapons, shotguns and pistols, and each of them was fatally hit by about 50 bullets. The couple were buried in two different cemeteries in Dallas, Texas. Bonnie Parker is in Crown Hill Memorial Park and Clyde Barrow is in Western Height Cemetery .

Items owned by the couple, such as Parker's Colt Detective Special .38 revolver and Barrow's Colt M1911 pistol , sold for $ 504,000 on September 30, 2012.

Artistic reception

The criminal career of the couple Bonnie and Clyde inspired authors from several genres to more or less free interpretations of the subject. Because the events documented there, and especially the relationship between the perpetrators, were sometimes portrayed in a romanticizing way, some of them were exposed to criticism of the glorification of crime and violence.

As a result of the romantic transfiguration of the story of the wandering and hunted gangster couple, the term "like Bonnie and Clyde" has become proverbial for inseparability in the face of adverse circumstances, for unbreakable love and cohesion even to death (rather dead than separated or captured) and for "we both against the rest of the world ”. This metaphor has been taken up by numerous authors and artists.

Feature films

  • The first film, Hated, was made in 1937, based on the life of Fritz Lang's gangster couple .
  • In 1958, the film The Bonnie Parker Story came out with Dorothy Provine .
  • In 1967 Warren Beatty , who also played the role of Clyde, produced the film Bonnie and Clyde . Directed by Arthur Penn , Bonnie is played by Faye Dunaway . The film portrays the characters in a romantic light. On the one hand, it received many positive reviews and contributed considerably to the glamorous image of the criminal couple, on the other hand, it also sparked controversy over possible glorification of violence . Estelle Parsons , in the role of Blanche, won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. Burnett Guffey received another Oscar for his camera work.
  • 1972: Sergio Corbuccis J. and S. - storia criminale del far west (German title: The red sun of revenge ) relocates the story to the time of the Wild West.
  • 1982: Bonnie and Clyde in Italian (Bonnie e Clyde all'italiana) - Director: Stefano Vanzina
  • In 1992 the television adaptation Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story appeared . In contrast to the romanticized version of Warren Beatty, the aim here was to be as authentic as possible. Aside from the fact that the two main actors are teenagers, the film was also shot on location in Texas.
  • In 1993 the film Teenage Bonnie and Klepto Clyde came out. A young couple decides to throw their small-town boredom overboard and go on a bloody tour. The title of the film lowered audience expectations very much. However, the story and the implementation itself are quite successful, as various comments - for example in the IMDb  - show.
  • In 1994 the film Natural Born Killers by Oliver Stone was released , which freely interprets elements of Bonnie and Clyde's story and transfers them to an alienated present.
  • Bollywood also romanticizedthis story in 2005 in the Indian film Bunty Aur Babli .
  • In 2013, the television film Bonnie & Clyde appeared with the actors Emile Hirsch , Holliday Grainger and Holly Hunter and directed by Bruce Beresford .
  • In 2019, director John Lee Hancock told the last two months of the gangster couple from the point of view of their pursuers Hamer and Gault in the film The Highwaymen with Kevin Costner and Woody Harrelson .
  • 2019 came the film Bonnie & Bonnie of Ali Hakim out a lesbian version, which explicitly makes use of the first name of Bonnie Parker.

Series

  • In episode 412 Love in Springfield (season 19, episode 12) of the series The Simpsons , the story of Bonnie and Clyde is comedically retold by Homer and Marge.
  • In the 37th episode of the first season of the series Lilo & Stitch , experiments # 149 and # 150 are named by Lilo after Bonnie and Clyde.
  • In season 6, episode 13 of Criminal Minds, a couple raids several gas stations and drug stores, which is why they are compared to Bonnie and Clyde.
  • In Season 2, Episode 12 of Flashpoint, a couple robbed a jeweler, didn't pay in a restaurant and took hostages at a wedding party, which is why they are compared to Bonnie and Clyde.
  • An episode of the second season of the series Once Upon a Time tells the story of the main character Emma Swann, who experienced a story similar to that of Bonnie and Clyde with her boyfriend at the time.
  • In episode 17 of the third season of Blue Bloods, a young couple raids banks in protest against the system and is called "Bonnie and Clyde". The girl with no criminal history is arrested, the boy later put in the car is not arrested and opens fire on the police.
  • An episode in season 1, episode 9 of the NBC series Timeless , in which the protagonists pretend to be a second crime couple and are part of the raid
  • In the 10th episode of the sixth season of Gossip Girl , episode: New York, I Love You XOXO, the story of Bonnie and Clyde is woven into the relationship between Blair Waldorf and Chuck Bass and carried over into the present day.
  • The 9th episode of the 6th season of Psych is about a criminal couple named Barbie and Clive Noble, who raid the spa resort where Shawn and Juliet are on vacation.

music

  • There is a French song by Serge Gainsbourg entitled Bonnie and Clyde , sung in 1968 in a duet with Brigitte Bardot . Another version of this song is by Mick Harvey . And also on the Walkabouts album ( Trail of Stars , Glitterhouse Records), released in 1999, there is an interpretation of the song by Serge Gainsbourg as the twelfth, undocumented track ( Hidden Track ).
  • A song on the subject was written by Georgie Fame ( Ballad of Bonnie & Clyde ) and was released in March 1968.
  • In 1968 Merle Haggard reached number 6 on the US Country Charts with his song The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde .
  • In 1984 a dancehall reggae version by Papa Levi was released , the text of which is loosely based on the ballad of Georgie Fame.
  • Die Toten Hosen released the piece Bonnie & Clyde in 1996 on the album Opium fürs Volk . Here a man asks a woman to imitate the gangster couple.
  • In 1998 Prince released a song on his album The Truth called The Other Side of the Pillow , which contains a reference to Bonnie.
  • In 1999 Eminem brought out the song 97 'Bonnie & Clyde (just the two of us) , which is not about the life of the gangster couple, but about a murder.
  • A duet by the rapper Jay-Z with the former Destiny's Child singer Beyoncé Knowles is titled Bonnie and Clyde and picks up on the Bonnie and Clyde theme in a romanticizing way both in the text and in the music video.
  • Stereolab recorded a song called Bonnie and Clyde in the late 1990s , which was later released as a remix.
  • Matthew Herbert released a song on the album Secondhand Sounds / Herbert Remixes, on the Peacefrog Records label in 2002, in which he remixed the track from Serge Gainsbourg. This remix is ​​titled - Serge Gainsbourg - Bonnie & Clyde (Herbert's Fred & Ginger Mix)
  • On the North Wind CD Your sick world is our stage from 2004 a song about Bonnie and Clyde is represented.
  • On the 2007 published album Jörn Schlönvoigt by the singer and actor of the same name, there is also a title with the name Bonnie and Clyde .
  • In 2008 Bushido released the title Bonnie and Clyde with Cassandra Steen on his album Heavy Metal Payback . In addition, Bushido raps more and more about Bonnie & Clyde, for example in the song Cla $$ ic, from the collaboration album Classic, which was released by him and Shindy in 2015.
  • On the 2010 hood tape by the rapper Kollegah , the title 2010 Bonnie and Clyde is included.
  • The rapper Tupac Amaru Shakur released his song Me and My Girlfriend - Bonnie and Clyde , after which it was copied by Jay-Z, the lyrics changed a little and republished.
  • Furthermore, there is a song of the same title on the 2010 album 10 Deadly Shots Vol. 1 by the American reggae formation 10 ft. Ganja Plant .
  • In 2012, Criminal, the fourth single from Femme Fatale , the seventh studio album by pop icon Britney Spears, was released . The video deals with the story of a criminal couple on the run, which is based on Bonnie and Clyde.
  • In 2013 Liquit Walker's debut album , Unter Wölfen, was released . On the album there is the song Bonnie Parker .
  • The music video for the 2013 song Hinterland on Casper 's album of the same name is seen as an homage to the lives of Bonny and Clyde.
  • In 2012, a song called Bonnie & Clyde (The Revolution) was released on the album Rivals by the Swedish band Her Bright Skies .
  • Moses Pelham and Cora E. jointly made a track called Bonnie and Clyde 2000 , which appeared on the album Evolution .
  • The first music video for Addicted To You by Avicii tells raids by and focuses on Bonnie and Clyde is.
  • In 2014 Beyoncé and Jay-Z dedicated their promo video Run for their joint tour On The Run to the criminal duo Bonnie & Clyde. The video with Jake Gyllenhaal, Sean Penn and other stars is about the duo Bonnie & Clyde.
  • On November 17, 2014, Peter Shukoff and Lloyd Ahlquist published the "Epic Rap Battle of History" Romeo and Juliet vs Bonnie and Clyde on their YouTube channel ERB .
  • The music video for Flash mich by Mark Forster (2014) shows two main characters who are designed as gay counterparts to Bonnie and Clyde.
  • Seiler and Speer released a track called Bonnie and Clyde on their album Ham kummst on April 16, 2015 . It is about a bank robber who threatens a bank clerk during the robbery and at the same time dreams of a life "like Bonnie and Clyde" with her.
  • The rapper Fard published a title about Bonnie and Clyde on his album EGO .
  • On September 23, 2016, Sarah Connor released Bonnie & Clyde as a single together with Henning Wehland .
  • On the 2016 hood tape 2 by the rapper Kollegah, the title Bonny und Clyde 2016 is included.
  • In 2016, the South Korean singer-songwriter Dean released the song Bonnie & Clyde
  • In early 2017, the German hit duo Fantasy released a single called Bonnie and Clyde .
  • The South Korean lyrics of Blackpink 's June 2017 single As If It's Your Last mentions Bonnie and Clyde.
  • The song I'm the One by DJ Khaled , released in 2017, contains the lyrics: "Modern day Bonnie and Clyde what they named us."
  • The Austrian pop band Tagtraeumer released the song Bonnie & Clyde on August 4th, 2017 .
  • The Swedish DJ Avicii released the song Without You on August 10, 2017, the line of which reads: "I'm going Bonnie and Clyde without you."
  • In 2017 Taylor Swift released the song Getaway Car , which reads: "We were jet-set, Bonnie and Clyde, until I switched to the other side."
  • In 2017 the song Him and I was released by G-Eazy in cooperation with Halsey . In one verse it says: "2017 Bonnie and Clyde, wouldn't see the point of living if one of us died."
  • In 2017 a song by Zayn in cooperation with Sia entitled Dusk till Dawn , which is about the story of Bonnie and Clyde.
  • In 2017, the song Bonnie & Clyde by the German rapper El Said was released , depicting the inseparable love of a couple for eternity.
  • In 2018 singer Vance Joy released the song Bonnie & Clyde on his album Nation of Two.
  • In May 2018, South Korean group 24K released a song called Bonnie N Clyde .
  • In September 2018, the Kosovar rapper Mozzik and his girlfriend Loredana released a song called Bonnie & Clyde .
  • The American singer Demi Lovato released her second studio album Here We Go Again in 2009 , on which the song Stop The World can be heard. This song says in one line: “Like Bonnie and Clyde, let's find a ride and ditch this town”.
  • On August 2, 2019, the Danish rock band Volbeat released a song called The Awakening of Bonnie Parker .
  • On November 29, 2019 the Russian pop singer Sergey Lazarev released a song called "Bonnie and Clyde" on his studio album "eto ya"

theatre

  • In 2001 the musical Bonnie and Clyde , book, lyrics and music by Paul Graham Browne premiered at the Heilbronn Theater.
  • In 2006 the Junge Ensemble Stuttgart premiered the play Bonnie and Clyde - a play for three actors and an escape car by Thomas Richhardt, which works with the biographies of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow.
  • On 1 October 2008, the premiere festival WORKSHOP 08 in Oberzeiring , Styria , the piece Clyde and Bonnie by Holger Schober premiered. The venue for the performance was a car dealership in Unterzeiring. The play was also performed by Theater Erlangen in 2009 in the Theater in der Garage with Linda Foerster and Steffen Riekers and in the 2010/2011 season at Theater Aachen with Emilia Rosa de Fries and Philipp Manuel Rothkopf . In 2011 the play will be performed at the ETA Hoffmann Theater in Bamberg .
  • Comedy Two Like Bonnie and Clyde also deals with the myth of the couple Bonnie and Clyde - because they don't know where they are! by Sabine Misiorny and Tom Müller. Here an amateur pair of crooks tries to emulate their role models. However, due to a lack of intelligence and little criminal energy, they fail to rob a bank. The comedy was premiered on March 25, 1999 by the authors themselves with their m & m theater in the rotation theater in Remscheid-Lennep. Since autumn 2007 the comedy can also be seen in numerous other productions on many German stages.
  • In February 2010 the Swiss director Barbara Weber staged the project: Bonnie and Clyde at the Münchner Kammerspiele .
  • On May 19, 2012, the premiere of the play Bonnie and Clyde took place in the Stadttheater Landshut . Under the direction of the dramaturge and author of the play Peter Oberdorf, 14 young people from the youth club dealt with Bonnie and Clyde's time together.
  • On September 7, 2014 the German-language premiere of the musical Bonnie & Clyde by Frank Wildhorn took place in the Bielefeld Theater.

Fiction

Web links

Commons : Bonnie and Clyde  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Original letter and text on jeffreysward.com
  2. ↑ Bonnie Parker's grave on knerger.de
  3. ↑ The grave of Clyde Barrow on knerger.de
  4. ↑ Half a million dollars for Bonnie and Clyde guns. In: Spiegel Online , October 1, 2012.
  5. ^ Emma and Neil's Shoplifting , Season 2, Episode 6.
  6. ↑ Ten good reasons Season 3, Episode 17 at Serienjunkies.de
  7. ↑ 'Timeless' Recap: Lucy and Wyatt Bond Over Robbing Banks in 1934 . In: Entertainment Weekly's EW.com . ( ew.com [accessed December 6, 2016]).
  8. ↑ Rainer Idesheim: Psych: Jennifer Finnigan becomes Jason Priestley's accomplice. In: serienjunkies.de. July 11, 2011, accessed May 21, 2017 .
  9. ↑ Liquit Walker - Unter Wölfen ( Memento of the original from February 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on meinrap.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / meinrap.de
  10. ↑ Official music video for "Addicted To You" .
  11. ↑ Official music video for "Flash me" .
  12. ↑ Neue Westfälische: A fun start to the new theater season , accessed on January 4, 2015.