Curt of tomorrow

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General Curt of tomorrow
The military leaders of Tannenberg on August 24, 1924 in Königsberg

Curt Ernst Morgen , von Morgen since 1904 , (born November 1, 1858 in Neisse ; † February 15, 1928 in Lübeck ) was a Prussian infantry general and explorer .

Life

origin

Curt was the son of the Prussian major general Hermann Morgen (1810-1884) and his wife Sophie Dorothea, née Mallison (1820-1891), daughter of the landowner and owner of a copper mill Georg Mallison.

career

Tomorrow visited the cadet houses in Wahlstatt and Berlin . On April 14, 1877, he was transferred to the 7th East Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 44 of the Prussian Army as a characterized Portepeefähnrich . The patent to his rank received this morning on November 13, 1877. On April 20, 1878, he was transferred to the 4th Upper Silesian Infantry Regiment. 63 , in which his older brother Johann Friedrich served (1848-1936). Here morning on 12 October 1878, second lieutenant , and on December 13, 1887 First Lieutenant .

In position à la suite of the regiment, he was commanded to serve at the Foreign Office on August 27, 1889 . As the successor to Lieutenant Hans Tappenbeck , who was active in the research expedition in southern Cameroon , he became chief of the expedition shortly afterwards in place of the sick Captain Richard Kund .

On November 5, 1889, Morgen left the coast with 120 porters and arrived at Yaounde station at the end of the month . On December 9th he left the same, crossed the Sanaga and reached the southern border tribes of Adamawa . From here he turned west, discovered the Mbam , the main tributary of the Sanaga, and reached Malimba . After Morgen had put down the coastal insurgents there in a four-month battle, he went on a second expedition to the interior of Adamaua on June 2, 1890 . In the vicinity of Ndumba he set up the Kaiser-Wilhelmsburg station, which was abandoned a little later. From there he penetrated to Tibati and Banyo . Morgen was wounded by an arrow while storming the mountain fortress Ngaundere . The expedition continued to Ibi am Benue before crossing the river and the Niger to the coast. After a stay in Lagos he returned to Germany.

Here he worked in the colonial department of the Foreign Office until 1893 . In a " Memorandum on Liberia " he wrote that a number of measures would have to be implemented to safeguard German interests. In addition to a new trade agreement, which guaranteed the admission of German businessmen to all trading venues, she also saw the modification of the Liberian constitution with its uncomfortable stipulations on the purchase of land for whites as a special task. In order to achieve these goals, "gifts and decorations to the top of the government would do theirs".

From then on he served as company commander . In the autumn of 1894, at the instigation of Chancellor Caprivi Morgen, together with Lieutenant Dominik, a protective force was set up , which was to replace the police force after the mutiny of the police force in December 1893 ( Dahomey uprising ), and the suppression of an uprising was sent back to Cameroon. With the Sudanese recruited in Egypt , he put down the uprising of the Abolauts north of Douala and the Kpeer on Mount Cameroon .

Back in Germany, Morgen led his company again .

In the autumn of 1896 the captain was sent to Dongola as a military observer on the expedition of Sirdar Herbert Kitchener against the Mahdists . In 1897 he was a military attaché in the headquarters of Edhem Pasha sent and took on Greek-Turkish war in part. As a representative of the German Empire, he participated in the peace negotiations in Constantinople and the border regulation of Thessaly . In the fall of 1897 he was transferred to the Great General Staff of the Army and became a military attaché at the embassy in Constantinople. Until his return to the General Staff in 1901, after he was temporarily in command of the deep sea fleet , he rode and traveled through Albania , Serbia , Bulgaria , Asia Minor and Armenia . Among other things, he was responsible for the implementation of Kaiser Wilhelm II's trip to Palestine in 1898 and was appointed adjutant of the wing in this context . He was also promoted to major that year .

Major General of the 81st Infantry Brigade

In January 1902 he was battalion commander in the grenadier regiment "King Friedrich Wilhelm IV." (1st Pomeranian) No. 2 in Stettin . In autumn 1904 Morgen was raised to the hereditary Prussian nobility . In 1905 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and transferred to the staff of the Lower Rhine Fusilier Regiment No. 39 in Düsseldorf. From March 21, 1908 he was colonel and commander of the infantry regiment "Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands" (2nd Westphalian) No. 15 in Minden, from January 27, 1912 major general , garrison elder and commander of the 81st Infantry Brigade in Lübeck . This resided in the Buddenbrookhaus , but moved to Braunstraße 12 in the same year .

As such, he reported to the emperor during his visit to the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck on August 9, 1913 on the forecourt of the Lübeck main station .

At the beginning of World War morning in the wake of was mobilization on August 2, 1914 commander of the 3rd Reserve Division and in this position on August 19, 1914 in Gdansk to Lieutenant General transported. As part of the 8th Army, he played a major role in the successful outcome of the Battle of Tannenberg (August 26–31) and the Battle of the Masurian Lakes (September 9–14). On November 8, 1914, he became Commanding General of the I. Reserve Corps . As part of the 9th Army his corps took in November 1914, the Battle of Łódź part and fought the year in trench warfare at the Rawka and the Bzura. From September 1916, the I. Reserve Corps excelled in the campaign against Romania . It supported the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army on the upper Maros, near Fogaras and between October 7th and 9th in the battle of Kronstadt . In November his troops advanced south over the Törzburger Pass, occupied Câmpulung and advanced on Ploesti in early December 1916 . In the spring of 1917 morning corps wrestled in the Focşani area and in the battle of the Putna. This was followed by missions on the Western Front , where General von Morgen took over the command of the XIV Reserve Corps on August 24, 1918 .

Age residence from morning

After the end of the war he submitted his resignation . This has been and he for from January 9, 1919 disposition made. On 11 February 1920, he was with effect from 9 January 1919, the character as General of Infantry awarded. Even after the end of the monarchy, he remained a staunch supporter of the monarchy and the House of Hohenzollern after 1918 . He expressed incomprehension about the approach of General Ludendorff , whom he knew better from the common fighting near Tannenberg , to the National Socialists.

Gravestone in the Lübeck cemetery of honor

He spent his twilight years in Lübeck. The Lübeck regatta club could only be founded after the First World War . The reputation that the general enjoyed in Lübeck demonstrated, among other things, the fact that he was placed at the head of the association.

Morgen passed away after a short illness. With a ceremony as described by Thomas Mann in the Buddenbrooks , he was brought to the cemetery of honor on February 22, 1928 after the funeral service in the cathedral and buried there .

family

Morgen married Elise Guthmann on October 3, 1891 (* June 30, 1870; † 1910). The couple had several children:

The racing driver Heinrich-Joachim (1902–1932), daughter Elisabeth (born August 12, 1895) married in 1919 (divorced in 1923) the aircraft designer Anthony Fokker . He had two other sons: Ernst (* February 1, 1893) and Hans Georg (* April 18, 1894).

In 1914 he married Rose-Lee, born in Volbrügge (* 1892). The couple had three daughters.

Awards

Works

  • Travels in the hinterland of Cameroon 1889/91. In: Negotiations of the Society for Geography in Berlin 1891. Issue 7.
  • Through Cameroon from south to north. Travel and research in the hinterland 1889 to 1891. 1893.
  • War and expedition leadership in Africa. Berlin 1893.
  • Time sketches. Berlin 1919.
  • Hero struggles of my troops. Berlin 1920.

References

literature

  • Alfred Cramer : Officer list of the Infantry Regiment Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands (2nd Westphalian) No. 15. Verlag R. Eisenschmidt, Berlin 1913, pp. 27-29.
  • Florian Hoffmann: Occupation and military administration in Cameroon. Establishment and institutionalization of the colonial monopoly of violence 1891–1914. Göttingen 2007.
  • Major General Kurt v. Tomorrow, the new commander of the 81st Infantry Brigade. In: From Lübeck's towers . Volume 22, No. 18, edition of May 4, 1912, p. 143.
  • Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Briefadeligen houses. 1909. Third year, Justus Perthes, Gotha 1908, p. 532.

Web links

Commons : Curt von Morgen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kurt von Priesdorff : Soldatisches Führertum . Volume 8, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated [Hamburg], undated [1941], DNB 367632837 , pp. 81-82, no. 2491.
  2. ↑ memorandum concerning the Negro Republic of Liberia by C. Morgan, September 23, 1891. RKolA no. 8712, pp. 89-94. to Asia, Africa, Latin America Central Council for Asian, African and Latin American Studies in the GDR, 1987, p. 1032.
  3. ↑ At the instigation of the regiment commander, Alfred Cramer, captain and company commander in the regiment at the time, wrote the history of the infantry regiment Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands (2nd Westphalian) No. 15, published in 1910.
  4. ^ Kaiser Wilhelm II. In Lübeck. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter from August 16, 1913.
  5. ^ Reichsarchiv (ed.): The world war. Second volume.
  6. ^ Obituary in the 2nd supplement of the Lübecker General-Anzeiger from Thursday, February 16, 1928
  7. ^ Lübecker Regatta-Verein e. V.
  8. ↑ Ernst Boie as a sportsman. In: Lübeckische Blätter. Volume 72, No. 47, issue of November 23, 1930, pp. 782-783.
  9. ^ Lübecker General-Anzeiger from February 16, 21 and 22, 1928
  10. ↑ Tom Distler: Racing legends in the age of heroes ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2001, accessed June 24, 2011  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.historikerwelt.de
  11. ^ Richard von Frankenberg : The great drivers of yore. Pp. 79-86.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r War Ministry (ed.): Ranking list of the Royal Prussian Army and the XIII. (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps for 1914. ES Mittler & Sohn , Berlin 1914, p. 82.
  13. ↑ Lübeck city archives in terms of Senate files: Directory of the owner of the Lübeckischen Hanseatic Cross , Signature 1093, document number 34
personal data
SURNAME Tomorrow, Curt von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tomorrow, Kurt Ernst von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian infantry general and explorer
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Neisse
DATE OF DEATH February 15, 1928
Place of death Lübeck