Femen

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Femen
logo
founding 2008
Founder UkraineUkraine Hanna Huzol
Seat Paris , FranceFranceFrance 
main emphasis Women's rights
Action space Global
Chair Hanna Huzol
Members 40
Website www.femen.org

Femen ( Ukrainian Фемен , in proper spelling FEMEN ) is a group founded on April 11, 2008 in the Ukrainian capital Kiev , which has defined itself as feminist and has gained international attention through provocative actions. The founder and leader of the group is Hanna Huzol , who has long been together with Viktor Swjatskyj . Inna Shevchenko , Alexandra Shevchenko and Oksana Schatschko (1987-2018) are among the most prominent activists .

Femen's trademark has been topless campaigns since 2010 , in which the activists painted their bare chests with slogans and wreaths of flowers in their hair. Femen also uses the term sex extremism for this form of action . Femen describes itself as the new global women's movement .

Development and goals

Two activists, Inna Shevchenko on the left, demonstrate against the sex tourism associated with the European Football Championship 2012 in Ukraine
Femen Protest, EURO 2012, June 8th 2012
Activists, right Alexandra Shevchenko, demonstrate for Aliaa Magda Elmahdy , on March 31, 2012 in Paris

The combination of bare breasts and political action isn't new. For the '68 generation , undressing was part of the rebellion against the establishment. The bosom attack on Theodor W. Adorno was planned as a student happening in a large auditorium, but the left-wing activists and organizers were embarrassed afterwards. The Femen movement, which professionalized this form of action in recent years, can be classified against this background.

The organization advocates women's rights . Femen's activists are mostly young women, often students. After it was founded in 2008, Femen was initially only active in the Ukraine and turned against sex tourism and pimping with the slogan “Ukraine is not a brothel” ( Україна - не бордель! ) . At the same time, punishment was required of men who use prostitution . Femen quickly gained international recognition.

Femen justifies her provocative methods by stating that these are “the only way to be heard. If we simply hold protests with banners, our demands will go unnoticed. ”So far, the group has been denied recognition as an organization by the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice because its goals could be interpreted as a“ call to disturb public order ”. According to Hanna Huzol, Femen wants to become “the largest and most influential feminist organization in Europe”. In the words of Inna Shevchenko, “classic feminism is a sick old woman, it no longer works. He got stuck in the world of conferences and books. "

Since 2011, the organization has also carried out campaigns in other countries and in 2012 opened a practice room in Paris, also known as the “international training center”, in which weekly training units for Femen activists are held. Two groups of Femen have existed in Germany since 2012, in Hamburg and Berlin. In June 2013, in was Siegen registered club "Femen Germany e. V. “founded. The group u. a. the acquisition of donations to finance the association's activities is possible. In 2013, several Femen leaders left Ukraine and applied for political asylum in France. The organization has since been led from Paris. In September 2013 the number of members worldwide was given as around 300, and Femen groups already exist in at least ten countries. “Because of different perspectives on the internal organization of the international movement”, the Belgian Femen group disbanded in September 2013 after only a few months of existence.

In July 2013, the organization's Paris headquarters were partially destroyed in a fire. Femen then occupied a disused building in Clichy, northwest of Paris, in November 2013 . In July 2014, a court ordered the group to leave the building.

Selected actions

In Ukraine

  • August 2008: About 50 activists of the group gathered in Kiev on Independence Square ( Maidan ). They protest against sex tourism under the slogan “Ukraine is not a brothel”.
  • 2009: Similar actions were repeated in Kiev in front of the Turkish embassy and on the Khreshchatyk .
  • February 2010: The group's first topless protest at the Kiev polling station of the presidential candidate Viktor Yanukovych shortly before his vote.
  • February 2011: Action in front of the Italian embassy in Kiev against the image of women in Italy conveyed by Silvio Berlusconi .
  • October 2011: Action against the organization of the European Football Championship 2012.
  • August 2012: As a protest against the trial of three activists from " Pussy Riot " in Russia, Inna Shevchenko used a chainsaw to destroy a four-meter wooden cross above Kiev to commemorate the victims of the Stalin regime . She then left Ukraine and went to France, where she became the first Femen activist to be granted political asylum in the summer of 2013.
  • March 2014: During the Crimean crisis of 2014, two Femen activists protested against the Russian invasion of Crimea .

In Germany

  • October 24, 2012: Protest in the IKEA furniture store Hamburg-Moorfleet against the retouching of all female persons in their catalog for Saudi Arabia .
  • November 25, 2012: Protest actions against prostitution and human trafficking in Germany in front of the Cologne brothel Pascha .
  • On January 25, 2013, 10 activists protested against prostitution, human trafficking and the sex industry in Hamburg 's Herbertstrasse .
  • February 2013: Femen took part in a demonstration against the right-wing extremist NPD in Berlin .
  • On April 8, 2013, five activists stormed Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Hanover Fair in the presence of Chancellor Angela Merkel and wore writings like “Fuck Putin” on their bare chests.
  • May 16, 2013: Femen activist Klara Martens protested in front of the Berlin store Barbie Dreamhouse during its opening against the one-sided role model of toys; "LIFE IN PLASTIC IS NOT FANTASTIC" was written on her upper body.
  • In June 2013, the German FEMEN Group founded the non-profit association FEMEN Germany eV
  • On November 27, 2013, five activists chained themselves in front of the Artemis brothel in Berlin to denounce the inhuman conditions in the sex industry and to advocate the complete abolition of prostitution. According to Femen, prostitutes at Artemis are required to offer oral sex without a condom. The activists blocked the entrance to the brothel for about 30 minutes. They were labeled, among other things, with “Don't cum on human rights” and “Go rape yourself”.
  • On December 11, 2013, two half-naked activists stormed the stage of the live television program Markus Lanz and demonstrated against the inhumane working conditions in Qatar as part of the preparations for the 2022 World Cup .
  • On December 25, 2013, Josephine Witt jumped on the altar during a Christmas mass in Cologne Cathedral and shouted “I am God” and “I believe in the equality of all people” before she was pulled aside by the cathedral Swiss and brought to the ground. The slogan "I am God" was painted on her bare torso. According to the activist, the action was directed against the “monopoly of power of the Catholic Church”. A year later, Witt was sentenced to a fine of 1200 euros before the Cologne District Court for grossly disrupting the practice of religion, and 600 euros in the appeal hearing before the Cologne Regional Court .
  • On March 20, 2014, three bare-breasted activists stormed a discussion event in Berlin's Red City Hall as part of an “Islam Week” invited by the city's governing mayor and organized by the “Berlin Muslim Initiative” (IBMUS). The protest was directed u. a. against the participation of the Hamburg Shura chairman Mustafa Yoldas , who is attributed to the Millî Görüş movement, and against the participation of other organizations suspected of Islamism , which had been criticized in the run-up to the event. The women shouted slogans against Sharia and demanded the “separation of state and religion”, “Fuck Sharia” and “Stop Religious Oppression” on their bodies.
  • On July 3, 2014, three Femen activists disrupted the opening of the large brothel Paradise in Saarbrücken . Disguised as Eve , they threw apples in order to drive men out of paradise, alluding to the biblical fall .
  • On October 27, 2014, 3 activists protested in front of the Iranian embassy in Berlin . They drew attention to the execution of a young Iranian woman who killed her rapist in self-defense. Two activists were "hanged" by the third on the fence of the embassy grounds. They symbolized the " Sharia Law" (executioner) and as a hanged man: " Reyhaneh Jabbari " and the "Humanrights". They had painted the names in black on their bare chests.
  • On August 14, 2015, the two activists Hellen Langhorst and Klara Martens screwed a sign reading "Against Women's Rights - Amnesty International" at the entrance of the Amnesty International headquarters in Berlin to protest against the human rights organization's new direction on sex work .
  • September 19, 2015: While the March for Life arrives for the closing service in the Lustgarten , 3 activists lower an 8x12m banner from the balcony of the Berlin Cathedral with the inscription "Thank god I can abort", in German: "Thank god I can abort "
  • On October 16, 2015, three Femen members stormed the show stage of the Venus Berlin erotic fair . Two of them sprayed penises with water pistols into the predominantly male audience, while the third activist took photos to hold up a mirror to the audience. Femen criticized the objectification of women at the fair and in the porn industry .

In other countries

According to their own statements, three Femen members were kidnapped by KGB secret service agents , threatened with burning, shaved and finally left naked and doused with oil in a forest. The suicide of Oksana Schatschko in 2018 is associated with this event in conjunction.
  • Summer 2012: Protest against the participation of “women oppressing Islamic states” in the Olympic Games in London.
  • On May 29, 2013, three Femen members from France and Germany demonstrated with labeled bare chests in front of a court in the Tunisian capital Tunis against the imprisonment of the Tunisian Femen activist Amina Sbouï . The three activists were arrested and sentenced to four months in prison two weeks later. On June 26, 2013, their sentences were suspended on appeal, and the three activists were able to leave Tunisia the next day.
  • December 2013: Five activists led by Inna Shevchenko urinated in front of the Ukrainian embassy in Paris on portrait photos of President Viktor Yanukovych , whom they described as a dictator allied with Russian President Putin.
  • May 2015: Three Femen activists disrupted a rally of the Front National on Opera Square in Paris . Its party leader Marine Le Pen had to interrupt her speech.
  • September 2015: Two Femen activists disrupted an Islam conference in Pontoise at which "the Muslim woman" was to be honored.

photos

  • 2 years of FEMEN 2.jpg
  • Election Protest Crucified Ukraine.jpg
  • FEMEN "Blue Bucket" topless protest-4.jpg
  • FEMEN 15 oct 2012-p.jpg
  • FEMEN 15 oct 2012-i.jpg
  • FEMEN 15 oct 2012.jpg
  • Manifestation pour le mariage pour tous Paris Femen 16 12 2012 15.jpg
  • Bare breasts are our weapons crop.jpg

State crackdown on Femen in Ukraine

The Ukrainian police said they found a pistol and a hand grenade during a raid on the Femen office in Kiev on August 27, 2013 and were investigating illegal possession of weapons. Femen accused the Ukrainian authorities of having deposited the weapons there beforehand in order to have an excuse for the criminal investigation and in this way to be able to take revenge on the organization. On August 31, 2013, Hanna Huzol, Alexandra Shevchenko and two other activists of the group declared in this context that they had fled Ukraine “out of fear for their lives and their freedom”. They would now continue their activities from Paris. In July 2013, the organization had already complained about violent attacks on its activists. According to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, three activists, including Anna Huzol, and a photographer were arrested during a visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to Ukraine. Femen accused the security forces of beating the activists.

Femen Germany e. V.

FEMEN Germany e. V. is the German association of this international women's protest movement. The German branch of the movement was founded in September 2012 by Irina Khanova , Zana Ramadani , Hellen Langhorst and Klara Martens .

reception

In the founding phase of Femen, the reception of the organization in the western media was almost unanimously positive. B. pointed out that the organization is fighting "against the decline of their country and for the rights of women".

Since the organization has regularly carried out spectacular campaigns outside of Ukraine, critical voices have increased. Femen was repeatedly accused, among other things, of the fact that their actions were primarily aimed at media effectiveness, the group did not do any in-depth content-related work. The structure and the financing of the organization are also not transparent.

Since 2012, the year the France branch was founded as the later headquarters of the international headquarters, Femen has received a great deal of attention in the local media: in the audience vote for “Women of the Year” by Elle magazine , the group came in 20th - but not in 2013 first 50. The women's supplement of the daily Le Figaro ranked Inna Shevchenko (directly after Angela Merkel ) in 13th place of the 20 most important women of 2012 (2013: Femen in 17th place).

The Spanish daily El País led Lara Alcázar , the founder and leader of the Femen group in Spain, in the list of the “100 most important Ibero-American main characters of the year” at the end of 2013 . Her group, which had been in existence for a year, had attracted particular attention with protests against the tightening of the Spanish abortion law.

Feminist reception of the group

The feminist reception of the group is inconsistent. Even in the founding phase, the group in the Ukraine was presented with their “sexist style” by “academic” feminists. Femen is a "victim of the patriarchy " and cannot set its own goals. Since the international expansion of its actions, the group has also sparked controversy among feminists in Western European countries. In the opinion of Alice Schwarzer , Femen with its methods and goals lies “at the core of feminism”, the group fights “in a subversive way for central feminist concerns”. The publicist Hannah Wettig , on the other hand, stated that Femen had a “sect-like, authoritarian structure”. The group does not conduct any discourses, but rather “always make the same demands without any context”. A Femen campaign in Hamburg 's Herbertstrasse was also criticized , in which the activists posted a banner with the slogan “ Arbeit macht frei ” at the entrance and spread slogans such as “Sex slavery is fascism” and “Prostitution is genocide”. The group e * vibes from Dresden described in an open letter to Femen the equation of prostitution with the Holocaust as “in no way acceptable”. In Le Monde diplomatique, Swiss journalist Mona Chollet accused Femen of a “mixture of intellectual laziness and arrogance” and summarized her stance as “pseudo-feminism”, which neither contained feminist substance nor was informed about feminism.

Sabine Hark sees Femen “as young feminist activists who intervene in the rifts of time around the world [...] and deliberately behave in a non-contemporary way. The tone adopted by Femen and Pussy Riot at the Slut Walks and OneBillionRising in particular is a decisive 'no' to sexisms of any kind. ”This manifests a critical attitude towards the world that has unmistakable affinities with the forms of protest of feminism from the 1970s.

The Ukrainian scholars Maria Mayerchyk and Olga Plakhotnik analyzed the discourse on Femen in Ukraine: "With parodistic (sometimes very self-deprecating) means, the Femen activists make their bodies funny and unsuitable for venerated traditional women's roles, because their public undressing of the bosom ironizes everyone" Breast ”interpretations of femininity (from breastfeeding babies to erotic implications). From this perspective, Femen is also seen as a local post-Soviet and post-colonial project. The activists have tried to decolonize the woman's body, which has been usurped by the logic of profit (in neoliberal discourse) or reproduction (in the neo-right movement). [...] all of this provokes a whole wave of scandal, creativity and paradox, with which existing theories and common social practices are constantly being brought to transgression. "

Criticism from Muslimas

The actions taken by Femen at the beginning of April 2013 against the “suppression of women's rights in Islamic countries” led to critical reactions from Muslim women. Among other things, Femen was reproached for speaking too generalistically about the oppression of women in Islam and portraying Muslims as a helpless group that had to be emancipated from the outside. In response to the Topless Jihad Day initiated by Femen , the online campaign Muslimah Pride Day was launched. The Tunisian women's rights movement criticized the action in Tunis on May 29, 2013 as counterproductive. The feminist and opposition leader Maya Jribi appealed: "Femen, please leave us alone, you risk breaking everything we fought for!" The Nigerian-British publicist Bim Adewunmi criticized the Femen activists looking at the people in the Middle East and in Africa, apparently as "unhappy and helpless children," Femen's direct transfer of her own culturally formed views and methods to completely different cultural contexts and needs is "contradictory" and "imperialistic".

Controversy over the role of Viktor Svjatskyj

In March 2012, the Ukrainian journalist Yaroslawa Koba, who had been part of the group for two months, claimed for the first time that a man, namely the Ukrainian Viktor Swjatskyj (different spelling, including "Viktor Swjazkij") was Femen's PR manager. In March 2013, the Swiss journalist Martine Brocard wrote in an article for the Sunday newspaper that Femen was "controlled" by Svyatskyj. As a rule, it is his ideas that the group put into practice, with Femen systematically denying his role. At the Venice Film Festival 2013 , Australian Kitty Green presented her documentary "Ukraine Is Not a Brothel" (Ukraine is not a brothel) about Femen in the presence of the leading Femen representatives, for which she set the activists in Kiev and for 14 months Had accompanied travel. The portrayal, reiterated in the film and confirmed by interview statements, that Svyatskyj was the driving force behind the founding of the group and subsequently led and controlled the Femen women in an authoritarian style, caused one due to the contradiction to the declared feminist ideology of the group extensive media reception. The influence of Svyatskyj on the group had been largely concealed by the Femen activists in their numerous statements about the organization - he was only considered a “political advisor” - the Femen activists in the branches in France and Germany were also about Svyatskyjs Role not informed before the premiere of the film. Alexandra and Inna Shevchenko confirmed the temporary role of Svyatskyj as a "patriarch". The group benefited from him during the first years of its existence. The cooperation with Svjatskyj had already ended in June 2012. The Femen activists had successfully "freed themselves" from him and their statements in the documentary were to be understood as a "confession". Hanna Huzol said that Svyatskyj left the group at her request and apologized. He is still a friend, but no longer controls the group. In a later interview, Svyatskyj contradicted the portrayal of himself as a “tyrant of the women's group” and stated that it was a production based on the director's proposal “to make the film exciting”. However, he is no longer part of the “community project” Femen: “Femen has already shaken off a small patriarchy, namely me. Now the women continue to fight against the great patriarchy. "

"Les Antigones" movement in France

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At the beginning of 2013, a group of young conservative women, also inspired by Femen, but rejecting their methods and goals, formed in France , which has appeared publicly since May 2013 under the name " Les Antigones " and the Mouvement Identitaire of the French New Right and the Catholic Church is close. Between April and May, an Antigones member attended undercover six weekly Femen training sessions to get to know the group from the inside out. In May 2013, several dozen Antigones activists gathered in Paris for a protest demonstration directed against Femen, in which they accused the group of “totalitarian and manipulative methods” and demanded that the Ukrainian leaders be expelled to their home country. Femen described the participants in the demonstration, which was aimed at the Femen headquarters, on Twitter as “little neo-Nazis” (“petits nazillons”). The Antigones' protest video message to Femen, which was circulated on the Internet, in which they uniformly dressed in “feminine”, innocent white clothes, in contrast to the aggressively provocative appearance of the Femen activists, was picked up by the French and later also by international media and referred to the group as "Anti-Femen". In March 2013, a dozen supporters of the right-wing extremist splinter party Renouveau français (RF) had already entered the Femen headquarters and filmed a protest there, which they wanted to be understood, among other things, as a response to the intrusion of Femen activists into Catholic rooms.

Documentaries

  • Kitty Green: Ukraine Is Not a Brothel: The Femen Story. (Australia / Ukraine 2013), 67 minutes
  • Caroline Fourest and Nadia El Fani: Nos his, nos poor! (France 2013), 68 minutes
  • Joseph Paris: Naked War (France 2014), 58 minutes
  • Alain Margot : Femen - With Body and Soul (Switzerland 2014, original title: Je suis Femen ), 95 minutes

literature

Web links

Commons : FEMEN  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inna Shevchenko: Sextremism: The New Way for Feminism to Be! In: The Huffington Post , February 7, 2013.
  2. ↑ a b Cigdem Akyol: “You don't need to free me” In: the daily newspaper , April 28, 2013.
  3. ↑ FEMEN
  4. ↑ Tanja Stelzer: The New Naked . In: The time . March 29, 2012, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de ).
  5. ↑ Ulrich Greiner: The new nude . In: The time . March 6, 2014, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de ).
  6. ↑ David M. Herzenshorn: The Female Factor: Ukraine's Feminist Shock Troops. In: New York Times, May 31, 2013, accessed January 11, 2014
  7. ↑ “Ukraine is not a bordello” In: Russia Today , December 14, 2009 (English).
  8. ↑ Katja Bauer: We're not interested in being dressed. In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . April 19, 2013, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Ukraine does not recognize feminist group. In: Focus . January 16, 2012, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Dirk Schneider: What would you like to scream? ( Memento from March 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: Zündfunk , March 14, 2013.
  11. ↑ Kim Willsher: Femen's topless warriors start boot camp for global feminism. In: The Observer of September 22, 2012, accessed January 15, 2014.
  12. ↑ Axel Veiel: Sextremism in Paris. In: Berliner Zeitung . March 15, 2013, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Les Femen inaugurent un "center d'entraînement" in Paris. In: Le Monde.fr of September 18, 2012, accessed on January 10, 2014 (French)
  14. ↑ Fabian Reinbold: The topless brigade. In: Spiegel Online . April 23, 2013, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  15. ↑ Antje Hildebrandt: Femen: “They want breasts, so they get breasts” . In: Cicero Online of June 27, 2013, accessed January 10, 2014
  16. ↑ Viktor Swjazki: Femen ideologue wants to apply for asylum in the West. In: Spiegel Online of September 24, 2013, accessed on January 10, 2014
  17. ↑ Femen group disintegrates: Belgian women stop blank breasts protest. In: n-tv.de from September 11, 2013, accessed on January 10, 2014
  18. ↑ Claudia Henzler: Protest of the Femen activists: The danger of becoming ridiculous. In: Süddeutsche.de of January 3, 2014
  19. ^ Femen groups from different countries on Facebook
  20. ↑ Femen group disintegrates: Belgian women stop blank breasts protest. In: N-tv.de from September 11, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  21. ↑ Femen activists have to vacate French headquarters , Der Standard, July 2, 2014
  22. ↑ Ukraine must not become a brothel. Die Presse , August 12, 2008, accessed April 27, 2013 .
  23. ^ André Eichhofer: With riot against sex tourism. In: Spiegel Online . July 30, 2009, accessed April 27, 2013 .
  24. ↑ Lucie Geffroy: Femen, le féminisme à corps et à cri. ( Memento from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: La Cité from January 11, 2013, accessed on January 15, 2014 (French)
  25. ↑ Half Naked Women Protest Ukrainian Election. In: Kiev Ukraine News Blog from February 7, 2010, accessed on January 15, 2014 (English)
  26. ↑ Emmanuel Haddad: Ukraine greets Italy: Femen girls topless at the front. (No longer available online.) Cafebabel.com, February 15, 2011, archived from the original on May 14, 2013 ; Retrieved April 25, 2013 (interview with Inna Shevchenko).
  27. ^ Baby for sale. Medvedev Magazine, May 31, 2011, accessed April 25, 2013 .
  28. ↑ FEMEN topless at the opening ceremony in Kiev. Medvedev Magazine, October 9, 2011, accessed April 25, 2013 .
  29. ↑ Jutta Schwengsbier, Ivan Gayvanovych: New case of blasphemy? Deutschlandradio , August 20, 2012, accessed on June 26, 2013 .
  30. ↑ Ukrainian activist receives asylum in France. ( Memento of January 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Die Standard.at of July 9, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  31. ↑ Ann-Dorit Boy: Femen Protests: Two Wrong Arguments. In: FAZ.net of June 27, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  32. ↑ Ann-Dorit Boy: http://www.euronews.com/2014/03/06/watch-femen-protesters-held-after-topless-protest-in-crimea/ In: euronews.com of March 6, 2014
  33. ↑ AFP / fp: Hamburg: “topless” protests for women's rights at Ikea. In: welt.de . October 24, 2012, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  34. ↑ http://www.emma.de/artikel/femen-protestieren-vor-dem-koelner-pascha-266138
  35. ↑ http://www.emma.de/artikel/femen-protest-auf-der-reeperbahn-266228
  36. ↑ Irina Serdyuk: The Femen women in Germany: Inglourious Breasterds. In: taz.de of March 22, 2013, accessed on January 13, 2014
  37. ↑ Saving lives with a bare chest. (No longer available online.) In: Stern . April 4, 2013, archived from the original on April 6, 2013 ; Retrieved April 25, 2013 .
  38. ↑ Half-naked women protest in front of the Berlin mosque. Berliner Morgenpost , April 4, 2013, accessed on April 7, 2013 .
  39. ↑ With bare breasts against Islamists: Femen protest in Berlin. dtoday.de, April 4, 2013, accessed April 7, 2013 .
  40. ↑ Femen activists storm Putin. In: Handelsblatt . April 8, 2013, accessed April 25, 2013 .
  41. ↑ Kate Connolly: Femen activist tells how protest against Putin and Merkel was planned. In: The Guardian . April 12, 2013, accessed April 15, 2013 .
  42. ^ Rainer Leurs: Opening of the Barbie House: Berliner Puppenkiste. In: Spiegel Online . May 16, 2013, accessed June 9, 2018 .
  43. ↑ (mia): Femen women steal the final show from Heidi Klum. In: Spiegel Online . May 30, 2013, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  44. ↑ Konstantinos Mitsis: Femen activists at GNTM: "No photo for Heidi Klum" . In: Web.de . May 31, 2013, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  45. ↑ Fabian Reinbold: Femen protest against "Germany's Next Top Model": "Everything worked out". In: Spiegel Online. May 31, 2013, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  46. ↑ Naked from the Klum show is a CDU politician. In: image . June 5, 2013, accessed June 14, 2013 .
  47. ↑ On November 27, 2013, FEMEN activists storm the largest brothel in Berlin: Germany is not a brothel! Berlin is prostituting itself! (No longer available online.) In: Website of Femen Germany. November 28, 2013, archived from the original on December 13, 2013 ; Retrieved December 13, 2013 .
  48. ↑ These women are in chains! In: Emma . November 28, 2013, accessed December 13, 2013 .
  49. ↑ Lanz Talkshow: Naked protest against World Cup soccer in Qatar , SPON from December 12, 2013
  50. ↑ This Femen activist disturbs Cardinal Meisner's mass . Focus Online. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
  51. ^ Spiegel-Online: Femen activist jumps naked on the altar in front of Cardinal Meisner.
  52. ↑ Femen activist from Cologne Cathedral has to pay a fine ( Memento from May 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) t-online.de from December 3, 2014
  53. ↑ 600 euros fine for bosom protest in Cologne Cathedral , stern.de, June 2, 2015
  54. ↑ Among other things, from the former head of the "Interreligious Dialogue" department of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation , Dr. Johannes Kandel (SPD), in an open letter to Klaus Wowereit : "Very dodgy Islamic organizers"
  55. ↑ "Femen: Breast attack on Islamists" , Berliner Kurier, March 21, 2014
  56. ^ Large brothel: Femen against flat rate customers in Spiegel Online
  57. ↑ [1]
  58. ↑ http://www.emma.de/artikel/prostitution-breiter-protest-gegen-amnesty-330471
  59. ↑ Activists Thwart Abortion Opponents , VICE , Sept. 21, 2015.
  60. ↑ Laila Samantha Walter: Little Venus on Venus. In: welt.de . October 18, 2015, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  61. ↑ Maxi Leinkauf: Daring arguments. Friday , November 1st, 2011, accessed on April 25th, 2013 .
  62. ↑ Bare skin against Putin. Stern , December 9, 2011, accessed April 25, 2013 .
  63. ↑ The secret service has apparently kidnapped demonstrators. Spiegel Online , December 20, 2011, accessed April 25, 2013 .
  64. ↑ Maria Stöhr, DER SPIEGEL: Femen founder Inna Schevchenko: The feminist who no longer wants to be - DER SPIEGEL - Politics. Retrieved May 17, 2020 .
  65. ^ Naked protest at the WEF. Tagesschau (SRF) , January 28, 2012, accessed on April 25, 2013 .
  66. ↑ Mustafa Ozer: Naked women's rights activists arrested in Istanbul. (No longer available online.) In: AFP . google.com, March 8, 2012, archived from the original on December 21, 2012 ; accessed on December 30, 2017 .
  67. ↑ Jutta Schwengsbier: Sexy FEMENism. In: Deutschlandfunk . August 12, 2012, accessed April 25, 2013 .
  68. ↑ Apocalypse of Muhammad. Femen website, December 20, 2012 ( memento of February 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on August 24, 2013
  69. ^ Accusation of a moral offense. In: the daily newspaper TAZ. May 31, 2013, accessed June 11, 2013 .
  70. ^ Femen activists sentenced to four months in prison , sueddeutsche.de of June 12, 2013
  71. ↑ Condemned to "topless" action ( memento from June 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de from June 12, 2013
  72. ^ Femen in Tunis free - except for one , EMMAonline from June 27, 2013
  73. ^ Naked protest in Tunis: Germans back in Europe after imprisonment , Schwäbische Zeitung of June 27, 2013
  74. ^ Agence France-Presse : A Paris, les Femen urinent sur des photos du président ukrainia. (Video, 0:53 min.) On YouTube from December 1, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (English / French)
  75. ^ Zeit Online ( memento from December 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) from May 1, 2015
  76. ↑ Huffington Post, September 14, 2015
  77. ↑ Femen accuses the authorities of targeted acts of revenge , Der Standard, August 28, 2013
  78. ↑ Police seize TT pistol and grenade in Kyiv office of FEMEN , Kyiv Post from August 28, 2013
  79. ↑ Response to the raid: Femen activists flee Ukraine , SPON from August 31, 2013
  80. ↑ FEMEN activists flee Ukraine over "political persecution, beatings and threats" , Kyiv Post, August 31, 2013
  81. ↑ fuss about Femen activists , star of 27 July 2013
  82. ↑ According to an alleged weapon find. Femen activists flee the Ukraine , Süddeutsche Zeitung, September 1, 2013
  83. ↑ Matthias Kolb: Mud battle for a better country. Now November 9, 2008, accessed June 26, 2013 .
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  85. ↑ Nadja Schlueter: The Cover Girls of Protest. Now February 19, 2012, accessed June 26, 2013 .
  86. ↑ End this show , Kyiv Post, November 17, 2011
  87. ↑ Femen: une année en France In: Le Figaro.fr of September 9, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French)
  88. ↑ Femmes de l'année 2012: vos 50 personnalités préférées. In: Elle.fr of December 19, 2012, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French)
  89. ↑ Femmes de l'année 2013: vos 50 personnalités préférées. In: Elle.fr of December 23, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French)
  90. ↑ Les femmes de 2012: 13 - Inna Shevchenko. In: Le Figaro.fr of December 18, 2012, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French)
  91. ↑ Les femmes de 2013: 17 - Femen. In: Le Figaro.fr of December 23, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French)
  92. ↑ Lot 100 protagonistas iberoamericanos del año. In: El País of December 29, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (Spanish)
  93. ↑ Santiago Roncagliolo: Lara Alcázar: Más valor que un fusil. In: El País of December 29, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (Spanish)
  94. ↑ FEMEN: topless in the Spanish Parliament. In: Euronews of October 9, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  95. ↑ Femen "aborta al embrión de Cristo" en una iglesia por la ley de Gallardón. In: Público.es of December 23, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (Spanish)
  96. ↑ Maria Mayerchyk and Olga Plakhotnik: FEMEN: Analysis of Discourses. From the website of the Gunda Werner Institute from July 2011, accessed on January 15, 2014
  97. ↑ Tamara Zlobina: Visors of theories, barricades of practices - politicization of the private in the post-Soviet space. From the website of the Gunda Werner Institute from July 2011, accessed on January 15, 2014
  98. ↑ Feminists criticize Femen: What's wrong with the spectacular actions? In: Emma.de from May 19, 2013, accessed on January 15, 2014
  99. ↑ Alice Schwarzer's blog, article from June 6, 2013
  100. ↑ Being naked is not enough , Jungle World, August 25, 2013
  101. ↑ Open letter to Femen Germany. e * vibes, January 29, 2013, accessed January 6, 2014 .
  102. ↑ Simon Brecht: Peta for women. Jungle World , February 21, 2013, accessed June 26, 2013 .
  103. ↑ Mona Chollet: Femen partout, féminisme nulle part. In: Le Monde diplomatique of March 12, 2013, accessed on January 15, 2014 (French; English translation available )
  104. ↑ Feminist Studies , issue 1 May 2013, introduction to the issue by Sabine HarkHeft
  105. ↑ Maria Mayerchyk, Olga Plakhotnik: FEMEN: Analyzing the Discourses , Heinrich Böll Foundation, Gunda Werner Institute, 7 Jul 2011
  106. ↑ Nadia Pantel: Naked misunderstanding . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . April 8, 2013 ( online [accessed June 26, 2013]).
  107. ↑ Muslim Women Against Femen's Facebook page . Retrieved April 25, 2013 .
  108. ↑ Spiegel Online: "Femen, please leave us alone"
  109. ↑ Bim Adewunmi: Sexualized Femen protest 'naive and foolish at best'. In: CNN.com, April 22, 2013, accessed January 15, 2014
  110. ↑ Bim Adewunmi: The inconsistency of Femen's imperialist "one size fits all" attitude. In: New Statesman, April 5, 2013, accessed January 15, 2014.
  111. ↑ Website depo.ua from March 2, 2012 ( Memento from January 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  112. ↑ What the Femen Hide , Sunday newspaper of March 10, 2013
  113. ↑ Ukraine is not a brothel , website of the film
  114. ↑ Revelation by documentary film: Femen founder wanted to tear up women In: Stern.de of September 4, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  115. ↑ Geoffrey MacNab: The man who made Femen: New film outs Victor Svyatski as the mastermind behind the protest group and its breast-baring stunts. In: The Independent of September 3, 2013, accessed January 11, 2014
  116. ^ Trois Femen et un photographe interpellés à Kiev. In: Le Monde.fr of July 27, 2013, accessed on January 12, 2014 (French)
  117. ^ A b Jan Schulz-Ojala: The man behind Femen. In: Zeit Online from September 5, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  118. ↑ Documentary about FEMEN: Ukraine is not a brothel. ( Memento from January 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) On the unofficial website of Femen Germany from September 4, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  119. Jump up ↑ Film "Reveals" the Puller: The Whole Truth About Femen. In: Stern.de of September 4, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014
  120. ↑ Inna Shevchenko: Femen let Victor Svyatski take over because we didn't know how to fight it. In: The Guardian, September 5, 2013, accessed January 11, 2014.
  121. ↑ Femen Revelations: Putsch of the Humiliated. In: Süddeutsche.de of September 5, 2013, accessed on January 12, 2014
  122. ^ André Eichhofer and Matthias Schepp: Femen ideologist Swjazki: "I am fleeing from Putin's secret service" . In: Spiegel Online from September 25, 2013, accessed on January 13, 2014
  123. ^ André Eichhofer and Matthias Schepp: Ukraine: "I am not a tyrant". In: Spiegel, September 25, 2013, p. 87
  124. ↑ Les Antigones. Official website of the group, accessed January 11, 2014 (French)
  125. ^ The Antigones send a message to the Femen - Censored - Eng Subtitles. Video message from Les Antigones to Femen of May 25, 2013 on YouTube, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French with English subtitles)
  126. ^ Julien Sartre: Les Antigones, des militantes anti-Femen aux drôles de CV. In: L'Express from June 7, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French)
  127. ↑ Elvire Emptaz: Anti-Far et les Réacs: Qui sont les Antigone? In: Elle , www.elle.fr, June 14, 2013. Accessed January 11, 2014.
  128. ↑ Emilie Laystary: Entretien avec Iseul militant Antigone infiltrée chez les Femen. In: madmoiZelle of May 30, 2013, accessed on January 13, 2014 (French)
  129. ↑ Rassemblement de jeunes femme à Paris contre les femen. In: 20minutes.fr of May 25, 2013, accessed on January 13, 2014 (French)
  130. ↑ a b Hélène Guinhut: Féminisme: Les Antigones, nouveau groupe anti-Femen. In: Elle.fr of May 27, 2013, accessed on January 13, 2014 (French)
  131. ↑ Ann-Dorit Boy: Femen-Protest: Two wrong arguments. In: FAZ.net of June 27, 2013, accessed on January 13, 2014
  132. ^ Celine Cabourg: Les Antigones en guerre contre les Femen. In: nouvel Observateur of May 29, 2013, accessed on January 11, 2014 (French)
  133. ↑ Ukraine Is Not a Brothel. on IMDb.com, accessed January 11, 2014
  134. ↑ Nos his, nos poor! ( Memento of March 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Information on the first broadcast on France 2 on March 5, 2013, accessed on January 15, 2014 (French)
  135. ↑ First broadcast on "LCP" on April 3, 2014 (English / French)
  136. ↑ Je suis Femen. In: swissfilms.ch. Swiss Films , accessed July 29, 2018 .