History of the city of Eilenburg
The history of the town of Eilenburg goes back to the Paleolithic with the first human settlements . The first documentary mention of it comes from the year 961. The Slavic castle Eilenburg developed in the 10th century to an important Burgward center and a little later to an important seat of the Wettins .
history
Origin of the city name
Like most place names in the region, the name Eilenburg is of Slavic origin. It is derived from Eilenburg Castle , which was first mentioned in 961 as Ilburg . It has been modified many times over the centuries (Hilburg, Ilburg, Hilburch, Ilburc, Ileborch, Ylenburg, Jilburg, Yllenburck, Eylburg, Eylenburg, Eylenberg, Eyleburg, Illeburg, Eilenburgk, Eulenburgk) and thus experienced different interpretations. It is most likely that Ilburg can be traced back to the Slavic name il as a place with clay or clay deposits (Jilow, Jilobor). The field adjacent to the castle was once called Ilenfeld , the steep mountain slope is still called Lehmberg today. Through Lautwandel, Ilburg became today's place name (see table).
| year | 961 | 1160 | 1181 | 1223 | 1314 | 1482 | 1485 | 1545 | 1551 | 1591 | 1791 |
| Name development | Ilburg | Julburk | Hilburch | Ilburc | Ileborch | Eylenberg et al. a. | Ileburg | Eilenburgk | Julioburgus | Eulenburgk | Eilenburg |
City history
Prehistory and early history
The oldest legacies of the people in what is now Eilenburg's urban area go back to the Paleolithic . About 14,000 years ago, groups of hunters roamed the wild alluvial forests of the Mulde , which shaped the landscape at that time. Trans-regional importance in the pre- and early historical research have magdalénienzeitlichen find sites on the Chapel Hill in neighboring Groitzsch , about four kilometers south of the city. From here comes, among other things, an approximately five by three centimeter slab of slate with horses engraved on both sides, which is one of the oldest works of art in the Middle Elbe-Saale region. Comparable stone inventories and small art objects are z. B. from the knee grotto, the Ilsenhöhle near Ranis and the Devil's Bridge in Thuringia.
Starting with the ceramic culture , the high terraces of the Mulde were among the preferred settlement areas in Central Germany for several millennia . It was not until the time of the Roman emperors and the migration of peoples that the settlement broke off for a longer period of time.
Early and High Middle Ages
From the late 6th century onwards, Slavic population groups settled in the vacated areas between the Saale and Elbe , initially coming from Bohemia along the Elbe to the area around Dessau and the mouth of the Saale. In the course of the 7th and 8th centuries they also penetrated south along the Mulde and other rivers. Eilenburg was in the center of a naturally limited, approximately 270 square kilometers large settlement area on the middle Mulde, to which around 100 smaller hamlet-like settlements belonged. Its inhabitants probably referred to themselves as Siusli . The Slavs between Saale and Mulde joined together at the latest by the end of the 8th century to form the tribal association of the Sorbs (lat. Sorabi sclavi ). Presumably in the 9th century they built Eilenburg Castle , a section fortification in a spur position that encompassed a plateau about 220 by 150 meters. Remnants of this fortification form the up to ten meter high earth walls on the castle hill.
With the integration into the eastern kingdom and structural detection of the areas between the Saale and Elbe among the kings Henry I and Otto I , the castle was in the mid-10th century center of a castle Wardes and center of government and administration in the region. Presumably the fortifications were also renewed and expanded in connection with the establishment of the Burgward constitution, but no precise statements can be made about the type and scope of the remodeling without extensive archaeological excavations. The castle also had a church consecrated to St. Peter, which was primarily used as a church for the castle garrison, but also as a church for the entire Burgward. Under canon law it belonged to the diocese of Merseburg , but due to the transfer of the church tithing to the Magdeburg Mauritius monastery, it can be assumed that the Benedictine monks there contributed to the mission in the Eilenburg area.
In a document from Otto I of July 29, 961, a civitas Ilburg in the Quezici area is mentioned for the first time .
In the year 1000, the Burgward, originally directly subordinate to the king, was located. H. the entire area with Eilenburg Castle in the center, in the county of Count Friedrich I from the Wettin family . After his death, his nephew, later Margrave Dietrich I, was entrusted with the county of Eilenburg. The pagus Siusili and with it Eilenburg Castle remained in the hands of the Wettins, who until their abdication as Kings of Saxony in 1918 owned the castle, town and the surrounding area.
As in other castles in the Mulde area, such as Wurzen or Rochlitz , a merchant settlement is likely to have been located in the western area of the castle as early as the 11th century - e.g. in the area of today's Franz-Abt-, Berg-, Marien- and Wilhelm-Grune-Straße - have developed which formed one of the roots of the later city. In the 15th century, this area was mentioned as an independent suburb in the mountain district.
In a document issued on April 30, 1161, a parrochia in Ilburch is mentioned for the first time . At the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century, the castle experienced a representative expansion with a curtain wall and at least two towers made of brick. The so-called Sorbenturm (around 1200 [d]) and the wall tower (after 1230 [d]) were residential towers that may have served as the seat of the castle crew of the important Wettin castle. The Ileburg ministerial family deserves special mention among the castle men .
Also in the decades around 1200, a planned oval city complex 600 m long and 300 m wide with a grid-shaped road network was built on the terrain east of the castle facing the Mulde. Extensive archaeological investigations in the 1990s revealed findings from the 13th and 14th centuries, but no finds from the 12th century were found. The approximately 1500 m² excavation area between Breiten Straße and Steinstraße not far from the market and the town church was therefore still undeveloped in the 12th century. One of the oldest and most important high medieval finds from the city area is a splendid iron sword from around 1200, which was recovered in 1956 in the roller street at a depth of 3.50 m.
Late Middle Ages
The city experienced a further rise in the second half of the 14th century under Margrave Wilhelm I of Meißen. In 1362 it was granted city rights. From 1394 to 1404 the city received important sovereign privileges. Through trade, the movement of goods on the Via Regia and its collaterals and, last but not least, the brewing trade, the city had meanwhile achieved a certain level of prosperity, which was reflected in numerous buildings such as the city fortifications (1500–1509), a school (1514), a water pipe ( 1514) and the Kornhaus (1549/1550). In 1548 there were a total of 14 breweries.
In Eilenburg, witch hunts were carried out from 1491 to 1575 . Five people got into witch trials , four of them were executed. In the district of Hainichen there was also a witch hunt in 1530 and 1531.
reformation
The news of Martin Luther's posting of theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church on October 31, 1517 spread quickly and met with passionate approval from the Eilenburg population, who suffered considerably from the demands of monastic orders. The ideas of the Reformation also found support from the Eilenburg councilors, the preacher of St. Nikolai and the clerk of the office . The city quickly fell into disrepute under these circumstances. The Pirn monk Johannes Lindner noted:
- Eilenburg, […], has a lot of windy people. And in 1519 the nawe unchristian sect arose there, under protection of authority.
Luther soon became aware of what was happening in the city. The established contacts prompted him to talk to the electoral court preacher Georg Spalatin on November 5, 1518 in the suburban community Auf dem Sande in the Gasthof Zum Braunen Bären . Two years later, on November 12, 1520, Luther stayed again in Eilenburg. At the invitation of the Chancellor of the Diocese of Naumburg , the electoral councilors Fabian von Feilitzsch , Haubold von Einsiedel and Hans von Taubenstein as well as the governor Hans von Schönberg met with Luther, who was at the castle , which at that time was resident because of the absence of the elector Philipp Melanchthon was accompanied. It was about religion and church in general as well as the introduction of the Reformation in particular. Advice was also given about the possible effects of a threat of ban .
The people of Eilenburg demanded a Protestant pastor with ever increasing vehemence. The radicalized disputes led to the storming of the Dominicans' appointments on November 5, 1521 . In order to de-escalate the heated mood, Luther, who had now gone into hiding at the Wartburg , sent the monk Didymus ( Gabriel Zwilling ) to Eilenburg. Zwilling relentlessly denounced the situation in his Christmas sermons and met with broad approval among the citizens because of his rousing rhetorical skills. On New Year's Day 1522 he handed the Lord's Supper in the Marienkirche to the 130 present, who had also come from Leipzig, Wurzen and the surrounding communities. His secular clothing also caused a provocation. On January 6, 1522, he preached to 200 people of both sexes in the Eilenburg council chamber and gave the Lord's Supper. The Leipzig participants in the Lord's Supper were arrested, and one participant from Wölpern was summoned to be possessed by the devil. The people of Eilenburg were discredited in the country as heretics and infidels, whereupon tumults broke out again, during which the rectories of the city were stormed.
During these days Luther felt compelled to leave the Wartburg and come to Eilenburg Castle. Here he stayed on May 5, 1522 and wrote a letter in which he advocated the appointment of a Protestant pastor for the people of Eilenburg. On this occasion he preached in the neighboring Marienkirche. A little later, the Magdeburg cathedral preacher Andreas Kauxdorf was introduced to his office as the first Protestant preacher.
Around the same time, the Leipzig printer Nicolaus Widemar settled in Eilenburg. He used the approval of the population for the Protestant ideas to publish the writings of Luther and Melanchthon here, which would have been his undoing in Catholic Leipzig. The printing house, which existed from 1523 to 1524, was of particular importance as Thomas Müntzer's sole publisher at that time. Widemar himself remained in Eilenburger and was administrative administrator from 1541 to 1546 .
Around Christmas 1524 there was another storm on the Catholic parish office. In the meantime Protestantism had established itself in the city. The last Catholic service took place in Eilenburg in 1525. The priesthood then left the city, while supporters of the Reformation moved from Leipzig, where the Reformation did not arrive until 1539. With the expulsion of the last Catholic monks, the secret of the Eilenburg mountain cellars was revealed for the general public.
There is evidence that Luther stayed in Eilenburg in 1536 and 1545 and preached in St. Mary's Church. In local historiography, it is rumored that Luther is said to have considered moving his retirement home to the then prosperous city. He described the city as a "blessed lard pit".
From the Thirty Years War to the Congress of Vienna
The Thirty Years' War also left its mark on Eilenburg. Even if the city was initially spared from fighting, one had to accept the catastrophic economic effects of the war. From 1631 the city was directly involved in the war and was a theater of war with devastation and destruction for almost twenty years.
On November 26th and 27th, 1632, the Swedish king Gustav II. Adolf was laid out on his funeral parade from Weißenfels to Sweden in the renaissance room of the inn "Zum Roten Hirsch" after he had died in the battle of Lützen on November 16, 1632. This funeral procession station is one of the best documented. The Eilenburg chronicler Jeremias Simon wrote in 1696:
- Among other things, the 26th of November was the Royal. Majest. in Sweden / most blissful memory / dead corpse / with a convoy of 4,000. men brought in here / buried one night in the Rothen Hirsche / and shown to many people / the following day but taken to Wittenberg; and delivered from there to Sweden.
The painter and illustrator Ernst Albert Fischer recorded the incident in 1906 in a triptych that shows the royal corpse laid out next to Swedish officers and soldiers as well as citizens saying goodbye and the Eilenburg archdeacon and poet Martin Rinckart . According to tradition, the Swedes' war chest in the form of several barrels full of gold was stolen the night the King of Sweden was laid out.
Only a few residents survived the chaos of war, epidemics and hunger; a total of around 1,350 people died between 1631 and 1633. A coin treasure jar with 57 thalers and half thalers from the 16th and early 17th centuries and a silver medal from 1631, which did not get into the ground before this point in time, probably even a little later, and in March 1966 during clearing work, testify to the threat was recovered on the east side of the market. The survivors tried to leave the impoverished city. In 1639 it was taken again by Georg von Derfflinger's troops. They demanded 30,000 thalers from the impoverished city and threatened looting and burning if payment was not made. It is thanks to the courageous appearance of the clergyman Rinckart in the form of a supplication service that the city was not completely destroyed by the Swedish troops. The event was the subject of a monumental painting that the painter Adolf Schlabitz created in 1907 for the new Eilenburg high school.
In 1644 the Elector of Saxony recaptured some cities, including Eilenburg. But the Swedes came again from Leipzig, who in turn occupied the city. The chronicler Simon writes:
- When the enemies had gone in this way / ours came / soon Saxons. now Lüneburgische / now Swedish: one party moved from Torgau to Leipzig / the other from Leipzig to Torgau: they brought nothing with them / but wanted to have all costs and supplies .
In 1646 peace negotiations between Saxony and Sweden began in the town hall of Eilenburg in order to extend the armistice of Kötzschenbroda , which was running out ; The peace of Eilenburg concluded on September 14, 1648 meant the end of the Thirty Years' War for Electoral Saxony. With the Peace of Westphalia , a general peace treaty was signed in October 1648, which finally ended the war. The city was slow to recover from the aftermath of the war. The following decades were dominated by the development of the city and the surrounding communities.
The slowly beginning economic improvement was brought to an abrupt end by the Seven Years' War . Almost every man in Eilenburg was called up for military service. The city was occupied alternately by the Austrians and Prussians. With the end of the war, Eilenburg was again an impoverished and plundered city. The economy stagnated at the end of the 18th century. Eilenburg had become an insignificant country town due to the loss of income from street mandates, according to which commercial traffic passed through the city. The French Revolution caused a slight economic upturn, but this was neutralized by the foreign rule of the French from 1806 to 1813. During the coalition wars Napoleon moved into quarters in Eilenburg shortly before the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 and held the last army show of his allied Saxon troops in front of Kültzschau, today's Eilenburg district of East . During these days, a total of around 60,000 soldiers of the French Grande Armée were housed in residential buildings and public buildings, on streets and squares of the city and in some suburbs . The French suffered their decisive defeat at Leipzig and withdrew. In 1814 Napoleon was overthrown. In order to reorganize Europe after the war, representatives of all participating countries met at the Congress of Vienna in 1814/1815 . The Kingdom of Saxony , which only defected to the Allies shortly before the French defeat, now suffered severe losses of territory and population. So the area around Eilenburg, the Eilenburg office , came to the Prussian province of Saxony in 1816 . By belonging to progressive Prussia, Eilenburg's transition from a rural to an industrial city was significantly advanced. Eilenburg was assigned to the Delitzsch district in the Merseburg administrative district of the province of Saxony in 1816.
Industrialization and the labor movement
With the industrialization that began shortly afterwards, several textile factories emerged in the suburbs of Eilenburg and the city became, alongside Berlin, the most important center of Prussian textile production. The rise to an important industrial city started mainly from the nearby Kingdom of Saxony. Industrial branches from there opened branches in Eilenburg in order to obtain duty-free access to the Prussian market. With its proximity to the commercial metropolis of Leipzig and its location on the Mulde, the city offered two further important location advantages. The onset of rural exodus caused the population of Eilenburg to skyrocket, the city became larger than Delitzsch, Torgau, Bitterfeld and Wittenberg.
The social tensions resulting from industrialization and the enormous population growth associated with it fostered a strong labor movement of which the city became the center. The pioneers included the doctor Anton Bernhardi and the worker August Fritzsche , who founded the health insurance support association in 1849, the first food cooperative in 1850 with the Eilenburger Lebensmittelassociation ( consumer cooperative Saxony North ) and the first credit cooperative in Germany with the loan association. The Eilenburg calico printing company owner Carl Degenkolb , a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly , was a co-founder of the Central Association for the Welfare of the Working Class and voluntarily set up the first works councils in Germany in his factory.
With the concession document for the Halle-Sorau-Gubener railway company on February 2, 1868, the long-term efforts of Eilenburg's mayor Emil Schrecker to establish a railway connection were crowned with success; The topping-out ceremony for the Eilenburg station building took place in May 1871. Almost a year later, on April 19, 1872, the station and on November 1, 1874 the line from Eilenburg via Taucha to Leipzig was opened as a connection to the Leipzig-Dresden Railway . With the connection to the rail network and the associated access to the lignite mining areas, the Eilenburg economy developed rapidly. It was mainly the chemical, wood and metal processing industries that settled there. Between 1871 and 1890 alone ten larger companies were founded in Eilenburg, including the establishment of the Leipzig company Mey & Co. in 1887 , which later became the German celluloid factory . In 1904, the Zimmermann brothers from Leipzig set up a piano production facility in Eilenburg. The Leipzig pianoforte factory Gebr. Zimmermann Aktiengesellschaft Eilenburg , with Eilenburg as its most important location, managed to become the largest piano manufacturer in Europe. With the establishment of Eilenburger Motoren-Werk AG around 1902, an automobile manufacturer was now also based in Eilenburg. The big companies brought high tax revenues to the city. The comfortable financial situation found expression in a generous urban expansion at the beginning of the 20th century. In the area southeast of the old town, a quarter with many representative buildings was built; thus the Realgymnasium (1904–1906), the retirement home (1907), the Royal Teachers' College (1909–1911), the barracks (1913–1916) and a Reichsbank branch (1923) were built. The city architect Otto Lemke was responsible for the urban structures . With the improvement of the infrastructure, the influx of many people from the countryside and the increasing economic importance were taken into account.
The two world wars
In preparation for the First World War , the construction of an infantry barracks was started in 1913 , the home for the III. Battalion of the 4th Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 72, which fought on the Western Front from 1914 to 1918. The garrison was dissolved again in 1920. Hundreds of Eilenburgers were drafted into military service during the war. At the Eilenburg train station on October 21, 1917, the future President of the GDR, Wilhelm Pieck, is said to have escaped a military transport in order to get from Eilenburg to Berlin and fight there in the Spartacus group to end the war. In total, the First World War cost 800 people from Eilenburg their lives.
With the takeover of the Nazis Eilenburg was garrison again and it moved again infantry in the barracks. During the war, Eilenburg became the location of various units of the Wehrmacht . At the beginning of the Nazi dictatorship, Eilenburg was a stronghold of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). In a Gestapo report , Eilenburg was described as "one of the largest illegal fortresses" of the KPD. In local publications of the SED of the later GDR it was propagated that the influence of the KPD reached so far that members of the SA in Eilenburg asked communists when leaflets and similar actions were planned, which was "an expression of the dissatisfaction of disappointed petty-bourgeois Nazi supporters". Against the background of the restrictive persecution of people with a different political orientation by the National Socialists, which began early on, this seems unlikely. Nevertheless, there was an active resistance group until around 1935, which ensured that the Gestapo paid special attention to Eilenburg. The best-known resistance fighter in Eilenburg was Kurt Bennewitz , who was sentenced to five years in prison in 1935 .
About two weeks before the end of the Second World War , the city, which was the location of the medical and training department 4 of the replacement army, was almost completely destroyed. On April 17, 1945, a tank alarm was given in Eilenburg, the city was declared a fortress and defense was ordered to the utmost: The Mulde line must be defended! Protests by hundreds of Eilenburg residents on the morning of the following day, which demanded the withdrawal of the militarily senseless order, which took no account of human life, remained fruitless. Allegedly, the then mayor Gerhard Thiede is said to have tried to surrender the city without a fight. The bridges of the city, which had hitherto been spared major destruction, were blown up, defensive positions with anti-tank traps built and an American ultimatum was ignored. Then there was fighting for nine days. For three days and three nights, the city was under heavy fire, during which a large part of the building fabric of the city was destroyed.
The pointless defense claimed two hundred lives, 90 percent of the city center (65 percent of all buildings in the city) were destroyed, while the American associations hardly suffered any losses. Eilenburg was one of the most heavily destroyed cities in Germany.
Post-war period and GDR
The city was initially occupied by the US Army . On May 5, 1945, Soviet troops occupied the eastern part of the city and the Mulde became a provisional demarcation line . In the American occupation the long-time school director Friedrich Tschanter was appointed mayor, after his death on May 14th the lawyer Max Müller took over his business. In Eilenburg-Ost , the Soviet military administration established an independent city administration headed by Oswald Leune. On July 1, 1945, the Americans withdrew from Eilenburg, the Red Army now occupied all of Eilenburg, but the liberal Müller remained mayor of the city until April 1946. It was not until 1958 that the Red Army withdrew from Eilenburg. In May 1946, Eilenburg formed a working group with the most severely damaged cities in the Prussian province of Saxony, which submitted proposals to the provincial government. The forced union of the SPD and KPD to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) was also carried out in Eilenburg. In the first municipal elections after the war on September 8, 1946, the SED was the strongest party just ahead of the LDPD . In 1947 237 Eilenburgers returned from captivity.
In 1950, Eilenburg hosted the first major event after the war. The centenary of the first German consumer cooperative was celebrated there with delegates from West Germany. The city center was rebuilt in the 1950s . With the administrative reform of 1952 in the GDR , the city became the seat of the newly formed Eilenburg district , which at the end of the 1950s boasted of being the GDR's first fully cooperative district. However, this went hand in hand with the expropriations of the farmers, who then left the region in large numbers. Walter Ulbricht visited the city in early 1960 . He is said to have expressed his unease about the fact that the district council resided in the town hall and the city council had to move to the high school. In July 1954 Eilenburg was hit by a severe flood; nevertheless, the GDR championship in canoe slalom took place on the Eilenburger Mühlgraben in the same month . In 1961 the city celebrated the one thousandth anniversary of the first documentary mention with a parade that told the city's history. Road cycling world champion Bernhard Eckstein won a bike race in the city center . The festival week lasted from June 24th to July 2nd.
Especially in Eilenburg-Ost, some new building areas with the appropriate infrastructure have been built since the early 1960s. Initially, three to four-story new buildings with pitched roofs were built. A new residential area was created in the area of today's Torgauer Landstrasse, Rosa-Luxemburg-, Puschkinstrasse and Gabelweg with around 700 residential units including a kindergarten and high school (Hans-Beimler-OS Eilenburg). In this area, the eleven-storey Eilenburg high-rise, which was built using the then new sliding construction method, was built in the 1960s, an experimental building by the city-based company EBAWE . In the 1970s, the construction of five to six-storey block-shaped prefabricated houses of the type WBS 70 was used. The newly built settlement Am Regenbogen in the northeast with 740 residential units, popularly known as the Musikerviertel because of the street names , was supplied with district heating by the ECW and had a day nursery, kindergarten, high school (3rd OS Eilenburg-Ost), a vocational school and a department store . Surrounded by the new building areas, Puschkinstrasse developed into a district center with shops, banks, restaurants and the post office. There has been another high school since the 1970s (Lilo-Herrmann-OS Eilenburg).
In 1970 Eilenburg was the start of the last stage of the International Peace Trip to Berlin. In 1984 the city was the venue for the GDR championships in chess, from which Rainer Knaak emerged victorious in the men's and Iris Bröder in the women's. 1987 Eilenburg was the venue for the rugby international match between the GDR and Poland, which the rugby union national team of the GDR lost with 0:66 and thus suffered the highest home defeat in its history.
In 1989 the mood of upheaval in Eilenburg was evident through peaceful demonstrations. A few days after the 40th anniversary of the GDR , at the end of October 1989 in the Nikolaikirche at the presentation of the citizens' association Neues Forum , a first major peaceful protest rally took place, in which around 800 people took part. For November 8, 1989, the New Forum applied for the approval of a demonstration under the motto For Another GDR . This approved demonstration was the climax of the turning point in Eilenburg. The peace prayer was broadcast from the overcrowded Nikolaikirche over loudspeakers to the market square. An estimated six to seven thousand people took part in the subsequent protest march through the city, also past the district office of the MfS . This was followed by a rally on the market square. Just two days later, long queues were gathering in front of the registration office where many citizens applied to leave the country. Another rally took place on November 22nd, to which the New Forum in the Leipziger Volkszeitung called out on November 16, 1989: [...] In these politically turbulent days everyone is called upon to take a stand in order to turn the tide towards democratic socialism to advance in Eilenburg as well. […] According to the MfS, this call was followed by a thousand people. In the LVZ of November 24th there was talk of two thousand demonstrators. In addition to speakers from the New Forum and the Democratic Awakening (DA), people from other citizens' initiatives and Mayor Heinz Laugwitz (SED) also had their say.
After the reunification period until today
In February 1990, the Central Association of German Chimney Sweeps of the GDR was founded in Eilenburg , which was incorporated into its West German partner association a little later.
| Results of the first free local elections in Eilenburg |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political party |
Votes 1990 (in%) |
Votes 1994 (in%) |
||||||||||||
| CDU | 40 | 24 | ||||||||||||
| PDS | 18th | 23 | ||||||||||||
| Green Alliance 90 | 15th | 22nd | ||||||||||||
| SPD | 15th | 19th | ||||||||||||
| DSU | 5 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| BFD | 4th | n / A | ||||||||||||
| DFD | 2 | n / A | ||||||||||||
| FDP | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Action ring | n / A | 5 | ||||||||||||
From the first free local elections in Eilenburg on May 6, 1990, the CDU emerged as the strongest parliamentary group in line with the general trend at the time and was able to appoint Herbert Poltersdorf as the first mayor. However, the majority situation shifted considerably at the next election on June 12, 1994. Hubertus Wacker, nominated by Alliance 90 / The Greens, prevailed in the direct election for the office of mayor.
After the political, social and economic turnaround in 1990, many traditional companies came to an economic end; the remaining employers also drastically reduced their workforce. The lost jobs could only partially be compensated by relocating to newly created industrial areas outside the city, such as the Stora Enso . In 1991, the Bundeswehr also left the Eilenburg barracks, the buildings of which are now home to numerous public institutions and offices. 1994 was the district Eilenburg in the course of the district reform the old district Delitzsch incorporated and the city lost its county seat . In contrast to the neighboring districts, the former district town was not taken into account when naming the district, which continued to bear the name Delitzsch . In return, Eilenburg received the municipal status of a large district town on April 1, 1997 .
From the flood of the century in the summer of 2002 also Eilenburg was hit hard by flooding the trough. The damage in the center alone amounted to around 135 million euros. To prevent such a flood disaster, the construction of a flood protection system had already started before the flood in 2002, but intensive work only began after the flood. Since September 19, 2008, Eilenburg has officially been the first city in Saxony to have complete flood protection. The approximately 30 kilometers of protective walls and ramparts cost around 35 million euros. The infrastructure, which was largely destroyed by the floods, was rebuilt and partially expanded at great expense.
With the second Saxon district reform after 1990, which came into force on August 1, 2008, Eilenburg belongs to the newly formed district of Northern Saxony and is one of four district administrative locations. From June 6th to 13th, 2011, the city celebrated the 1050th anniversary of its first mention with a week of festivities.
The negative population development is leading to high vacancy rates, especially in the new housing estates from the GDR era in Eilenburg-Ost. Since maintenance no longer makes sense, the city's own housing and management company (EWV) has been carrying out demolition measures since around 2007. Since then, 490 apartments in Eilenburg-Ost have disappeared, the demolition of 366 apartments by 2020 and then, depending on the prospect, another 220 apartments is planned.
literature
- Eilenburg Chronica / Or description of the very old castle / castle and town of Eilenburg / According to the situation or camp / name / old inhabitants / clock jump and inheritance ... religion, food and comfort / rulers and officials ... Same thing in war as peace Times / there and in the surrounding area ... things worth thinking about come and happen. From many old and new reinforced Autoribus, as well as other credible writings and archives ... compiled ... / By M. Jeremias Simon / Käyserl. kr. Poets and Pastors at Limehna. Leipzig, Lanckisch, 1696. Digitized version of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt, Halle (Saale) 2008.
- Carl Geißler: Chronicle of the city of Eilenburg and the surrounding area . Deltzsch 1831 ( e-copy ).
Web links
References and comments
- ↑ Eilenburg in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae IA 1, p. 238 No. 3. Online edition: http://codex.isgv.de/codex.php?band=cds1a1&f=&a=b&s=238
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae II 1, p. 55 No. 53. Online edition: http://codex.isgv.de/codex.php?band=cds2_01&f=&a=b&s=055
- ^ Helmut Hanitzsch: Groitzsch near Eilenburg. Beating and settlement sites from the late Paleolithic . Berlin: Dt. Verl. D. Wiss., 1972 (Publications of the State Museum for Prehistory Dresden Vol. 12); Michael Seiler, Diethelm Runck, Ingo force: A new blow place of Spätmagdalénien of Groitzsch in Eilenburg (distr Delitzsch.). In: Work and research reports on Saxon soil monument preservation 41, 1999, pp. 17-25.
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae IA 1, p. 238 No. 3. Online edition: http://codex.isgv.de/codex.php?band=cds1a1&f=&a=b&s=238
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae IA 1, p. 280 No. 52 lines 15-16. Online edition: http://codex.isgv.de/codex.php?band=cds1a1&f=&a=b&s=280
- ↑ Berg before Eilenburg in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae IA 2, p. 203 f. No. 298, here p. 204 line 4. Online edition: http://codex.isgv.de/codex.php?band=cds1a2&f=&a=b&s=204
- ↑ Yves Hoffmann: Brick towers of the 12th and 13th centuries on castles in Upper Saxony and East Thuringia In: The Upper Castle in Greiz. A Romanesque brick building in East Thuringia and its historical surroundings , Erfurt 2008 (workbook of the Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology NF 30), pp. 130–143, on this p. 133–136, ISBN 978-3-937940-51-9
- ^ Marc Kühlborn: Eilenburg from below. Urban archaeological studies in a small town in North Saxony . In: Archeology currently in the Free State of Saxony Vol. 5, 1997 (1999), pp. 160–165.
- ^ Reinhard Spehr : Christianization and earliest church organization in the Mark Meissen. An attempt . In: Judith Oexle (ed.): Early churches in Saxony. Results of archaeological and architectural studies (publication by the State Office for Archeology with State Museum for Prehistory 23), Konrad-Theiss-Verlag Stuttgart 1993, p. 9–63, here p. 34 Fig. 32.
- ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Saxony. Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, p. 497 f.
- ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Kursachsen , Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2003, p. 476.
- ↑ a b Jeremias Simon: Eilenburgische Chronica , Leipzig 1696, p. 688; Secondary source: Andreas Bechert: Gustav Adolfs Leichenzug - Search for traces, Part I. In: Sorbenturm, Vol. 5, 2008, accessed on February 1, 2015 .
- ↑ The vessel is now in the Eilenburg Museum (Inv.No. IV 274), on the find see Hans-Joachim Stoll: Ein Münzschatzgefäß von Eilenburg . In: Ausgrabungen und Funde 30, 1985, pp. 48-50.
- ^ Friedemann Needy : The Thirty Years' War , Primus Verlag 2006, page 84
- ^ The district of Delitzsch in the municipality register 1900
- ^ Burchard Bösche , Jan-Frederik Korf: Chronicle of the German consumer cooperatives. (PDF; 1.8 MB) Central Association of German Consumer Cooperatives V., p. 7 f. , archived from the original on December 2, 2013 ; Retrieved March 29, 2009 .
- ^ Otto Ruhmer: History of the origins of the German cooperative system . Johs. Krögers printing and publishing house, Hamburg-Blankenese 1937.
- ^ The historical development of the works council and works constitution. (PDF; 200 kB) Practical training and advice for works councils and staff councils, p. 3 , accessed on March 29, 2009 .
- ^ A. Peter Bräuer: Muldenland . VEB FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-325-00133-5 .
- ^ Andreas Flegel: From Eilenburg to Bad Düben . Torgauer Verlagsgesellschaft, Torgau 1993, ISBN 3-930199-01-7 .
- ↑ Jürgen Hoffmann: The resistance struggle of the Eilenburg workers under the leadership of the KPD against fascism 1933-1945 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Fleischer: End of the war in Saxony 1945 . Edition Dörfler im Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim.
- ↑ From the press of the Soviet zone: Without fodder, no butter . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1960 ( online ).
- ^ Andreas Flegel: Eilenburg . Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Necker 2002, ISBN 3-89570-792-9 .
- ↑ Eilenburger Geschichts- und Museumsverein (Ed.): Herbst '89 in Eilenburg - Pictures and documents of the peaceful revolution in Eilenburg , 2009
- ↑ City history: 1946 to 1999. (No longer available online.) In: eilenburg.de. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014 ; accessed on September 30, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Rüdiger Strauch: Cow carcasses drifting through the streets. In: Spiegel Online . August 14, 2002, accessed March 29, 2009 .
- ↑ The Mulde and the flood. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 29, 2009 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Information about the water levels in the United Mulde. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 2, 2009 ; Retrieved March 29, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Leipziger Volkszeitung, September 19, 2008
- ↑ Leipziger Volkszeitung , September 19, 2008
- ↑ Heike Liesaus: Urban development - what is still to come? - The goals of the urban planning concept for Eilenburg-Ost are set again in Leipziger Volkszeitung , March 30, 2012, p. 17
