House to the whale

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Front of the house on Franziskanerstraße

The Haus zum Walfisch is a late Gothic town house in the old town of Freiburg im Breisgau ( Baden-Württemberg ). It is a listed building and is part of an ensemble of formerly 17 individual buildings that is used by the Sparkasse Freiburg-Nördlicher Breisgau . The front of the house is on Franziskanerstraße, the back on Gauchstraße with the opposite square, the potato market.

history

At the site of today's Haus zum Walfisch there were three farms measuring 100 × 50 feet (approx. 30 × 15 m), which were built on with the houses Zum Blattfuß , Zum Sampson and Zum Ofenhaus . Jakob Villinger von Schönenberg (around 1480–1529) owned a house here in Barfüßergasse (today Franziskanerstraße ) since 1506. Jakob Villinger came from Schlettstadt in Alsace or from Freiburg itself and had held the office of General Treasurer Maximilian I since 1510. After Jakob Villinger had acquired Freiburg citizenship in 1511 , he made a request to the city council to get out of his “haws zu Freyburg in parfusser gassen to accomplish a named paw ”. After Ludwig Villinger, possibly a brother of Jacob, acquired the neighboring buildings in 1514 and had them demolished in view of the construction of the “notable building”, the city council did not issue the building permit until 1516: “Has Mr. Jacob Vilinger ... been awarded the nidergevallnen houses zuo buwenn , but that he should make houses and stables and not leave a large garden or blätz ston ". It was not until 1517 that the Haus zum Walfisch, built in place of the original houses, could be moved into. Existing wall sections were included in the new building. In the same year, the city council allowed Villinger, because he had taken a "noticeable buw an sinem huse in our place", to expand his property to include further farms in Gauchstrasse "near and well located" at the back of the Haus zum Walfisch with the condition to build again "house wonungen" opposite the ship road. On the rest of the land he was allowed to build a "pleasure garden". The name "Zum Walfisch" has been recorded in the rulership code since 1565 , while house numbers in Freiburg were only introduced in 1806. The Freiburg historian Peter Kalchthaler suspects a connection to the biblical story of Jonah and the whale in the house name .

so-called savings bank block with the initial extension (red) of the house

As can be read on a stone tablet set in the facade , the humanist Erasmus von Rotterdam lived after his escape from Basel in Villinger's house, which was "unfinished" when he moved in at Christmas 1529. Erasmus reported in a letter to Johann Coler († before 1538) in the spring of 1531 that the city council had left the house to him after it had been recommended to the council by the then Roman-German king and later Emperor Ferdinand I. At the same time as Erasmus, the humanists and minster preachers Otmar Nachtgall and Augustin Marius (1485–1543) lived there . They both moved out soon, but Nachtgall blocked the first floor of the house for which he had the key. The situation became more complicated when Heinrich Glarean initiated the city council with Erasmus rental negotiations . Until then, Erasmus had assumed that the city had let him live rent-free, but, out of courtesy, had paid her five crowns for himself and another four for Marius. However, he only wanted to sign a lease with Ursula, Villinger's widow, if he would have been able to live in the entire house to himself and not just the upper floor.

Ursula's second husband was Johann Loeble von Greinburg († around 1544), Ferdinand's court pfennig master from 1530 . The couple resided in the Castellschen Palais in Augsburg , which had previously belonged to Ursula's father Philipp Adler (1461–1532). Therefore they wanted to sell the house in distant Freiburg. After Ferdinand had campaigned for Erasmus as a buyer, but he had not accepted the purchase offer, he was terminated in March on June 24, 1531. The city council subsequently demanded 30 guilders as rent for the entire period from Erasmus , even though Nachtgall had claimed to be the owner to Erasmus. Erasmus finally moved into the house he had bought for the child Jesus in the nearby Schiffstrasse, where he lived until 1535. The Ganter brewery was later founded there. The Haus zum Walfisch was to be rented for a year to Jakob Stürtzel, a nephew of Chancellor Konrad Stürtzel , who then intended to buy it.

The Schwendischer Hof

In 1536 Ursula sold the inherited Alsatian villages Heiligkreuz , Nambsheim and Logelheim together with Villinger's property in Colmar and the Haus zum Walfisch to the city of Colmar in agreement with her second husband and her underage son Karl . Colmar left the Haus zum Walfisch in 1542 to Magdeburg Cathedral propst Wilhelm Böcklin von Böcklinsau († 1585), who paid for it with the wine tithing from Pfaffenheim . Böcklin had already lived in the house a few years earlier, either free of charge or for rent. On the occasion of a state parliament that the Emperor had convened in Freiburg, Ferdinand I stayed from December 23, 1562 to January 7, 1563 as Böcklin's guest in Haus zum Walfisch . A covered corridor was built for the emperor from the second floor of the house to the nearby St. Martin monastery church so that he could attend church services undisturbed during the Christmas holidays. In 1571 Böcklin bought the house at the white lily . On May 20, 1573, Ferdinand's son, Archduke Ferdinand II , also took up residence in Böcklin's house.

Böcklin's daughter Anna was first married to the Imperial Colonel Lazarus von Schwendi (1522–1583) from around 1552 . Wilhelm Böcklin von Böcklinsau survived both of them, but presumably had given ownership of the house to his daughter († 1571). After the death of his parents, their son Hans-Wilhelm von Schwendi inherited it. His daughter Helene Eleonore married Jakob Ludwig von Fürstenberg (1592–1627; son of Friedrich V von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg) and brought the property into the possession of the Counts of Fürstenberg . On July 19, 1682, with the death of their son Franz Karl in Donaueschingen, the Fürstenberg line there ended, as he was unmarried and remained childless. Helene Eleonore had given birth to her son Ignaz Wilhelm Kasimir von Leyen in her second marriage to Philipp Nikolaus von Leyen († 1656). He died in 1695 and left behind two underage daughters, born in 1691 and 1692.

Jakob Dischinger, the mayor of Breisach and guardian of the two daughters, sold the property, then known as the Schwendischer Hof , on June 30, 1702 for 15,905 guilders to Baron Heinrich von Garnier . Garnier, then a regimental councilor in front of Austria, fled to his possessions in Silesia at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) out of fear of the French and probably did not return to Freiburg before the end of the war. In 1703 he had married Lucia Katharina Berchtold von Sachsengang for the second time ; the marriage remained childless. After his death on April 5, 1721 in the Principality of Sagan , Lucia appointed Oberstjägermeister Count Hannibal Maximilian Rudolf von Schauenburg as a universal heir on August 4 and gave him the house and other property on October 3 at Ebnet Castle . Lucia probably died in Silesia in 1743, von Schauenburg on March 3, 1741. On April 10 of the same year, von Schauenburg's older son Philipp, whom he had appointed as a universal heir, fell in the battle of Mollwitz . His mother was only considered in Hannibal's will for adultery with the later Polish major general Baron Carl Friedrich von Schönbach in fulfillment of the marriage contract. She transferred Hannibal's legacy of 7,000 Rhenish guilders to her illegitimate daughter. She left her share of Philip's estate to his brother Christoph Anton von Schauenburg (1717–1787), the district chief of the Upper Austrian government in Freiburg. In return, he had to pay his mother annual maintenance payments of 1,000 guilders and an apartment in the Walfisch house or another 150 guilders per year. During the War of the Austrian Succession , Lieutenant General Field Marshal Damnitz spent the night on the evening of November 27, 1744 near Schauenburg. That day he had met in Sankt Georgen with Coigny , the commander in chief of the French siege troops, to whom the city of Freiburg had surrendered two days earlier. The von Damnitz regiment withdrew to Strasbourg two days later, as a prisoner of war. As a result of disputes with the nobility and irregularities in the sale of Biesheim, von Schauenburg was removed from his office. After he was arrested on August 18, 1760 in Riegel, he was placed under house arrest in his home with the whale. He was later sentenced to imprisonment in Kufstein , which was to continue in the Waldhausen and Lambach monasteries . He died impoverished in Ottakring near Vienna in 1787 .

The Falkensteinerhof and the major renovation

Countess Elisabeth von Schauenburg (nee Freiin von Hennin), the wife of Christoph Anton, had managed to free some of the property from her husband's bankruptcy estate . In addition to Neuershausen, this also included the Haus zum Walfisch, which they owned for life from April 26, 1768. With her death on October 20, 1796, the house passed to her only daughter Francisca Antonia and her husband Baron Franz Anton von Falkenstein (1744–1800), a descendant of the Schramberg lords of Falkenstein . After the Breisgau line of this family died out in 1872 or 1873, the building went to the merchant Severin Melchior Klein in 1874. Emil Pyhrr, innkeeper and wine merchant, bought it in 1886. He used the cellar vaults with their old barrels to store wine, while the remaining floors were used as apartments and offices. In 1895, for example, the publishing house Stoll & Bader was among these users. The building was still called the Falkensteinsche Haus or Falkeinsteinerhof at that time , although this was actually another name for the house that Erasmus von Rotterdam had acquired many years earlier. In 1905 the city of Freiburg bought Haus zum Walfisch for 310,000 gold marks . The reason for the acquisition were considerations about the protection of monuments, which also led to the acquisition of the Wentzingerhaus in the same year . The city planned to continue renting the building near the Old and New Town Hall , but to use it for municipal offices if necessary.

The Franziskanergasse with the Haus zum Walfisch in the late 19th century

Due to an expansion of its business operations, the Städtische Sparkasse , which had previously been located in Schusterstrasse, urgently needed new rooms. Several buildings were examined for this:

  • the Rotteck 'sche property (Eisenbahnstraße)
  • the previous office building ( Salzstraße ),
  • the old theater (Oberlinden - management office to the theater school building - Theaterplatz),
  • the Leger'sche property (corner Eisenbahnstrasse / Rotteckstrasse No. 52),
  • the Kaufmann Bär property (Rotteckstrasse 4),
  • the Gasthaus zum Wilden Mann (corner of Salzstrasse / Theaterplatz, Salzstrasse 30),
  • the Fuchs'sche property (Eisenbahnstrasse 30),
  • the property of Dr. J. Lanker (Rempartstrasse 13) and
  • the Schwer'sche estate (Fahnenbergplatz 4)

Furthermore, Max Meckel , the former building director of the Freiburg Archdiocese , was commissioned in 1907 to prepare an expert opinion in order to combine “the respectful protection of old historical engineering structures with the acquisition of modern operating rooms” with regard to the Haus zum Walfisch. At that time, Meckel ran a planning office in Freiburg with his son Carl Anton . He had made a name for himself through his dealings with Gothic buildings such as the Frankfurt Römer , which prompted the city council to consider him “the master builder who was called to draw up plans”. Max and Carl Anton Meckel, in collaboration with the municipal building department under city master builder Rudolf Thoma, drafted a plan with a cost estimate by September 23, 1908 . He planned to use the ground floor in the Haus zum Walfisch almost unchanged, but to reverse architectural changes that had been made over the centuries. In addition, more recent additions on Franziskanerstraße were to give way to a new building and additional operating rooms were to be built on Gauchstraße.

On January 15, 1909, the Citizens' Committee and the Savings Banks Commission approved the plans without any major changes. At the meeting, however, the estimated costs and the scope of the planned changes to the building were criticized by some MPs. In addition, it was feared that the relocation of the savings bank and the associated decrease in through traffic, the business life of the upper town would suffer.

The city sold the property to the Sparkasse on April 28, 1909 for another 310,000 gold marks , but reserved the right to repurchase it at the same price. Construction work began in the summer of 1909 and was completed with the opening on October 9, 1911.

According to a list of costs in the files of the city archive, the Falkensteiner Hof / Haus zum Walfisch building, at 71,000 gold marks, accounted for the second highest individual item in the entire renovation. The largest single item is the cash desk and the two-story wing building on Franziskanergasse with 177,000 gold marks. The remaining outbuildings cost 17,000 gold marks. 10,000 gold marks were used for lighting and sewerage. The heating system accounted for 15,000 gold marks. The architect's fee was 20,774 gold marks. Comparable construction projects by Freiburg banks were definitely more expensive, such as the neighboring Freiburg commercial bank with 557,000, as well as the Süddeutsche Discontbank with 600,000 and the Rheinische Creditbank with 630,000 gold marks.

Nevertheless, the conversion was controversial among the population and in the citizens' committee because of its cost of 350,000 gold marks. The city councilor Heppeler even spoke of a luxury building, a top-class engineering structure ... The nature of the Sparkasse is not compatible with such a building . Nevertheless, the project was defended by Lord Mayor Otto Winterer : "Where would our local arts and crafts be if everyone thought like the critics".

Owned by the Sparkasse Freiburg

View from the Meckelhalle to the ground floor of the Haus zum Walfisch. In the window you can see the facade of the back (2011)

In the 1930s, the Sparkasse closed the gap to Kaiser-Joseph-Straße . In 1938 she acquired the adjoining Zum Gauch house and the house of the Rau Commercial Council, which was also converted by Meckel in 1909 (until 1886: Zur Rosen / zum Silberberg ). In 1939, the Zum Roten Kopf house was bought from the expropriated assets of the Jewish S. Knopf department store . This was now called Kaufhaus Richter, after the managing director at the time, the former syndic of the Fritz Richter department store. During the Second World War , the Haus zum Walfisch burned down completely during the British bombing of Operation Tigerfish on November 27, 1944. The precious interior was lost, only the facade was preserved. The bay window was saved by quick securing and support. The building was rebuilt from 1947 to 1948 and was reported to the State Monuments Office in the list of monuments dated August 9, 1951 as "completely restored". Today the ground floor is used as a counter hall, while offices are located on the upper floors. The main portal under the bay window is usually locked; there is also an office behind it.

architecture

Back of the house with ashlar painting (1911)
Back of the house with stair tower (2009)

What can still be recognized today as the Haus zum Walfisch consists of several buildings: the large main building on Franziskanerstraße and the two-storey annex building on Gauchstraße with a round stair tower, which is connected to the main building via a low intermediate building. In addition, there is a separate small single-storey building in the courtyard on Gauchstrasse. The courtyard is closed off by a wall with an archway to Gauchstrasse.

The approximately 22 meter high eaves main building rises on a slightly warped rectangular floor plan. It was built from plastered quarry stone masonry and has three full floors . The plinth, portals and walls on doors and windows are made of red sandstone. The corner blocks were originally also made of sandstone, but were reconstructed from cement during the renovation. The gable roof is covered with plain tiles. The gable walls are designed as a stepped gable . The facade facing Franziskanerstraße is dominated by a late Gothic bay window made of yellow Pfaffenweiler sandstone, which is closed off by a balcony on the second floor. The facade is not completely symmetrical: the bay window is a little to the left of the center, the two right window axes are slightly shifted. Instead of the cross-storey windows that otherwise occur in the building, there are two staggered three-lane windows on the first floor. Two cornices separate the floors. The main cornice was made of wood with a stone base. The dormers built in during the renovation , ten on the front and six on the back, are no longer fully preserved. Today there are four large and two small dormers on each roof. The hexagonal stair tower has a copper roof dome. Gutters, waste pipes and rooftops were also made from this material.

The two basement floors have four stone pillars with belt arches , the upper floors four made of wood. The hall is the central part of the house and completely fills the ground floor. The beams in the ceiling on the first floor are coved . During the renovation, the ceiling was reinforced by the architects Meckel with additional X-supports as beams .

The spiral staircase seen from the ground floor (2011)

A stair tower with a spiral staircase was demolished in the 18th century and an oak staircase was built into the hall to replace it . Parts of the Gothic portal from the first floor to the spiral staircase were cut off. As part of the renovation from 1909 to 1911, however, the original condition was restored, with the spiral staircase being rotated in a different direction and the oak staircase moved to the western wing.

At the front of the building, the four large shop windows that extend to plinth height have been replaced by six normal windows. The shop window had been broken out under the Pyhrr family. As early as the 18th century, window bars and lintels were broken out and two three-part window groups changed, which were on the courtyard side on the ground floor and on the street side on the first floor. At the same time, wooden ceilings and posts were plastered and the Gothic stepped gables were torn off. They were returned to their original state together with the windows as part of the renovation.

After the renovation, there was a vestibule on the ground floor behind the portal , from which one got to a meeting room on the right, while the offices of the administrator and other Sparkasse employees were on the left. The administrator was also able to handle public transactions in matters of property ownership and mortgage business via an open cash desk . Behind the porch was a large waiting room. A reading room connected them with the neighboring cash desk, which is still called the Meckelhalle after its builders. The waiting hall also served as access to the main cash desk of the securities department. The upper floors were used for offices of the city administration: The statistical office and the rectorate of the elementary school were therefore reached via the courtyard and the spiral staircase. If, when moving in, it was still assumed that the Sparkasse would be able to get by with the lower floor for decades, this was already in full use during the First World War. During the inflationary period , the Sparkasse even took up part of the upper floor and later pushed the city administration out of the building completely.

The plaster was renewed several times in the style of the time: when the city bought the house, it was painted white and green. During the renovation work in 1911, remnants of an earlier red facade paint were discovered, which the architects Meckel used again for the paint. Until 1946, the red-primed building was also provided with a white cuboid pattern, as was the newly constructed ticket hall. After the reconstruction in 1947, the building was only painted vermilion , which corresponded to the original appearance of the Falkenstein house .

In 2006, the buildings of the ensemble were given new colors, which are based on the epochs of their construction. Parts of the facade of the Haus zum Walfisch were painted a lighter shade of red, the rest kept its reddish-brown shade. The city palace adjoining the Franziskanerstraße on the left was painted in light yellow from the Maria Theresa period, while the side wing adjoining the red front building on the Kaiser-Joseph-Straße on the right was given a light blue color. This is supposed to symbolize the Scandinavian style of the reconstruction of the 1950s, in which this part of the building was created.

Artistic equipment

Outside

Portal bay window and entrance
City coat of arms and city seal on the courtyard portal

The portal gives the impression that the bay window starts on the floor. On the pedestal , which is a little set off from the facade, there are pillars made of multi-crossed frameworks . Approximately fighter height of stichbogigen entrance portal begins gesimsartige , strongly profiled transfer to the bay out in the floor plan and elevation each showing a fighter-free arc of the same radius. The intersection between the arch and the wall of the house is covered on the right by a heraldic shield with a horse and on the left by a naked male. The resulting semicircular cap is plastered and traversed by vault ribs with noses . For the rectangular base of the bay window, the overpass is again crossed by cornices. They form donkey backs at the sides and semicircular arcs that are surrounded at the front, both studded with crabs , and finally dissolve into drawn finials .

At the bay window itself, tracery arches fill the parapet of the second floor on the front , while the sides are decorated with coats of arms of the House of Habsburg and the city of Freiburg. A common eyelash , which ends in a slender finial, towers above a three-part window. The final balcony has a richly openwork tracery parapet.

According to Carl Anton Meckel, the bay window was made by the cathedral builders Hans von Hall and Hermann Neuhauser. The yellow Pfaffenweiler sandstone used for the bay window was also used for stone carving in the choir of the Freiburg Minster at the same time , as it is particularly easy to work with.

On the square of the bay there are two gargoyles to drain the rainwater from the balcony : a lion holding a human figure in its claws, and a naked old woman with a goiter , a small dog at her feet and a tape with the year 1516 in hands. These gargoyles are copies, the originals are kept in the Augustinian Museum; Casts of both figures are in the Small Stucco Museum . The copy of the gargoyle with the old woman from 1930 had aged so much by 2006 that the Buchholz stone sculptor Joachim Stöhr was entrusted with the production of a new replica.

Marble portrait of Maximilian I, originally placed inside the building

A marble portrait of Maximilian I is embedded in the facade of the neighboring building facing the potato market. The sculptor Waldemar Fenn created the work after a woodcut by Albrecht Dürer in Carrara from the marble there . It shows the ruler dressed in an ermine cloak in three-quarter profile. Maximilian holds a pomegranate in his hands as a symbol of power.

Originally the relief was above the fireplace in the waiting room. The portrait of the city patrons Lambert and Georg stuccoed on the facade of the stair tower in 1911 based on a design by Meckel by the Stuttgart artist Robert Nachbaur has not survived. This also applies to the chimney heads, which are designed as small houses .

The portal, which leads from the back of the building to the courtyard, is crowned by a painted relief with the coat of arms and seal of the city of Freiburg.

The entrance portal to Franziskanerstraße and the windows on the ground floor of the smaller, two-story part of the building are decorated with artistically decorated grilles. One of the grids bears the stonemason mark of Carl Anton Meckel. On the door arch of the exit to the courtyard in the direction of Franziskanerstraße there was also the stonemason's mark CA Meckel. It can also be found on the weather vanes on the tower helmets of the Meckelhalle , on an armor shield on the facade facing Gauchstrasse and on a metal plaque on the front of the building. Their inscription reads:

"This house, formerly named for the whale, was built in the years 1514 to 1516 by the general treasurer of Emperor Maximilian the First, Jakob Villinger von Schönenberg, acquired by the city of Freiburg in 1905 and handed over to the Städtische Sparkasse as home in 1909."

Inside

Only two gothically decorated portals from the first and second floors to the spiral staircase remained from the original interior, as the building's interior was completely redesigned around the time of the Rococo : At that time, stucco work was created that adorned oven niches and ceiling areas in the Rocaille and Louis-Seize style . During the renovation, some stucco ceilings were renewed, as well as a Gothic fireplace. The interior fittings (furniture, lights, curtains, etc.) were designed according to Meckel's designs. The wallpaper on the upper floor came from Franz Naager from Venice, the windows were pane curtains on the windows consisted of uniform green linon . The doors had engraved brass fittings, the lighting fixtures were also made of brass and wrought iron.

reception

The humanist Beatus Rhenanus claimed in 1540 that the building was built as a retirement home for Maximilian. The Freiburg city archivist Peter Paul Albert adopted this thesis in one of his publications on city history, which the former director of the Freiburg city archive, Hans Schadek , strongly doubts, but without being able to provide evidence for the incorrectness of the claim.

Nevertheless, Walter Vetter (1933–1991) sees "probably the most beautiful portal bay window of the late Gothic north of the Alps" as a direct connection to Maximilian and his preference for bay windows. He refers to the oriels built for Maximilian, the Innsbruck Golden Roof and the one at Wels Castle . He also regards the Haus zum Walfisch as "probably the most beautiful and ornament-loving aristocratic court in Freiburg". Peter Paul Albert is of the opinion that the house could, for example, compete with the Erfurt House for Stockfisch , "one of the most valuable secular buildings from the Renaissance", which was also bought by the city at the beginning of the 18th century. In addition, he praises the portal from the first floor to the spiral staircase because of its frizzy shapes and overlaps with a clear overall structure as the “most opulent late Gothic” and subsequently describes it as part of the most fantastic that this art style has produced on the Upper Rhine.

On October 9, 1911, the day the Sparkasse building opened, a long article appeared in the Freiburger Zeitung . The "somewhat exaggerated painting of the bay window and the blood-red facade color" were criticized. However, the author conceded that the original color, which was discovered during the work on the house, made the architectural structure of the building sharper and clearer. He also praised the interior of the building and its harmonious design. In his opinion this would "completely satisfy and in every direction, even the purely aesthetic one, only allow genuine joy in what has been created here".

In 1913 the Deutsche Bauzeitung praised the work of the Meckels with the following words:

“The collaboration between the city, the savings bank and private individuals in the heart of the old town of Freiburg has resulted in an assembly that, with its diversity and picturesque grouping, is a sight of the beautiful old Freiburg and bears witness to the artistic endeavors that prevail in the old Breisgau town. "

From today's perspective, the architect and building historian Werner Wolf-Holzäpfel describes the renovation as “an important artistic achievement” and regards the work as “one of the main works of Max Meckel in his late creative period”. Because of their careful handling of the structure of the Haus zum Walfisch, the almost scientific approach and their sensitive additions to the community center, Wolf-Holzäpfel also attests father and son Meckel a “respectable monument preservation act”.

In 1976 Josef Wysocki described the building in his volume 150 years of the Sparkasse as "one of the most art-historically remarkable secular buildings in the city ... and one of the most beautiful German Sparkasse buildings ..."

In 1977, Haus zum Walfisch was used for the Italian horror film Suspiria as a template for a witches' convention disguised as a ballet school. Director Dario Argento had the film set in Freiburg, but shot many scenes in Munich, for example at Munich-Riem Airport and in Müller's Volksbad . With the use of blue and red light and the use of the IB Technicolor process from Kodak , he enhanced the effect of the red facade of the house on the whale. Exterior and interior shots of the alleged ballet school were shot in a studio in Italy.


literature

  • Baden architects and engineers association: Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings. Freiburg 1898, p 213 - 217 .
  • The administration building of the Sparkasse. In: Freiburg newspaper . October 9, 1911, No. 277, volume 128, 1st evening edition ( digitized version ).
  • The municipal savings bank in Freiburg im Breisgau. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. XLVII. Vol., No. 1-2, Berlin January 4, 1913.
  • The municipal savings bank in Freiburg im Breisgau. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. XLVII. Vol., No. 6, Berlin January 18, 1913.
  • Peter Paul Albert , Max Wingenroth : Freiburg town houses from four centuries. Filser, Augsburg 1923.
  • Josef Wysocki: 150 years of Sparkasse Freiburg. Waisch, where the way to a guilder is? Anniversary publication for the 150th anniversary of the Freiburg Public Savings Bank. Graphic companies, Freiburg 1976.
  • Hans Schadek : Was the house “Zum Walfisch” built in Freiburg as a city residence and old age residence of Emperor Maximilian I? In: Schau-ins-Land . 98, 1979, pp. 129-134 ( digitized version ).
  • Leo Schmidt : Max and Carl Anton Meckel and the conversion of the "Zum Walfisch" house into a savings bank in the years 1909–1911. In: Schau-ins-Land 104, 1985, pp. 269-280 ( digitized version ).
  • Peter Kalchthaler : Freiburg and its buildings. An art-historical city tour. Freiburg 1991, pp. 116-119.
  • Werner Wolf-Holzäpfel: The architect Max Meckel (1847–1910). Studies on the architecture and church building of historicism in Germany. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2000, ISBN 3-933784-62-X , p. 282 f., P. 382.

Web links

Commons : Haus zum Walfisch  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Michael Schulte-Höping: Walk through the centuries in: Badische Zeitung from December 1, 2006
  2. ↑ Frank Löbbecke, And should every farmstead be a hundred shoes long and fifty wide , Schauinsland 126 , 7, 2007
  3. ↑ Hans Sigmund, Dieter Hensle: The house "Zum Walfisch". Pp. 231–240 in: Schau-ins-Land 104 , Freiburg im Breisgau 1985
  4. ↑ Hans Schadek: The emperor and his city. Maximilian I and his relationship to Freiburg , in: Hans Schadek (Ed.): The Kaiser in his city, Maximilian I and the Reichstag in Freiburg, Freiburg 1998, pp. 217–273, here pp. 227–229
  5. ^ A b Corinna Löw: Jakob Villinger in the service of Emperor Maximilian I. Dissertation at the University of Graz, Graz 1987, p. 11 ff.
  6. ↑ Hans Schadek: The emperor and his city. Maximilian I and his relationship to Freiburg , in: Hans Schadek (Ed.): The Kaiser in his city, Maximilian I and the Reichstag in Freiburg, Freiburg 1998, pp. 217–273, here p. 228
  7. ↑ The "Franz Villinger" mentioned in the literature by Sigmund / Hensle and Löw never existed, the name is based on an incorrect reading by the Freiburg historian Hermann Flamm : Hans Schadek: Der Kaiser und seine Stadt. Maximilian I and his relationship to Freiburg , in: Hans Schadek (Ed.): The Kaiser in his city, Maximilian I and the Reichstag in Freiburg. Freiburg 1998, pp. 217–273, here p. 264, note 94
  8. ↑ Sigmund / Hensle, p. 234.
  9. ↑ Hans Schadek: The emperor and his city. Maximilian I and his relationship with Freiburg . In: Hans Schadek (ed.): The emperor in his city, Maximilian I. and the Reichstag in Freiburg. Freiburg 1998, pp. 217-273, here p. 288
  10. ↑ a b Peter Kalchthaler, Buildings, p. 114 ff.
  11. ↑ Hans Schadek: The emperor and his city. Maximilian I and his relationship to Freiburg , in: Hans Schadek (Ed.): The Kaiser in his city, Maximilian I and the Reichstag in Freiburg. Freiburg 1998, pp. 217–273, here p. 228
  12. ↑ a b Berent Schwineköper : The “Sparkassenblock” in Freiburg (boundaries: Kaiser-Josef-Strasse, Franziskanerstrasse, Merianstrasse, Gauchstrasse). Introduction to an exhibition of the public savings bank Freiburg shown in the savings bank building from May 22 to June 14, 1985. In: Schau-ins-Land 1985
  13. ^ Ingeborg Krummer-Schroth: Pictures from the history of Freiburg. Town houses . Freiburg 1968, ISBN 3-921340-01-2 , p. 15.
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Freiburger Zeitung No. 277
  15. ↑ Oral information in June 2009
  16. ^ A b Letter from Erasmus von Rotterdam to Willibald Pirckheimer . In: Walther Köhler: Erasmus of Rotterdam. Letters . Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1938, p. 462.
  17. ^ Günter Hägele: Koler in: Augsburger Stadtlexikon , August 25, 2010, accessed on September 6, 2010
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k The municipal savings bank in Freiburg im Breisgau. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. XLVII. Vol., No. 1-2, Berlin January 4, 1913
  19. ^ A b c Letter from Erasmus von Rotterdam to Johann Choler . In: Walther Köhler: Erasmus of Rotterdam. Letters. Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1938, p. 509 ff.
  20. ↑ Katharina Sieh-Burens: Adler, Philipp. In: Augsburger Stadtlexikon . August 16, 2010, accessed April 25, 2010
  21. ↑ City of Augsburg: Open Monument Day 2002 ( Memento of February 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) , p. 15. (PDF file; 9.0 MB)
  22. ↑ Schadek, p. 132.
  23. ↑ a b Auguste Scherlen: Perles d'Alsace. Images from the Alsatian past. Alsatia, Colmar 1929, p. 165 f.
  24. ↑ Dieter Speck, Small History of the Front of Austria, G. Braun Buchverlag, Karlsruhe 2010, page 120
  25. ↑ a b c d e f g Peter Paul Albert, p. 8 ff.
  26. ↑ a b Hermann Kopf: Knight Wilhelm Böcklin von Böcklinsau, court marshal - cathedral provost - founder of Freiburg. Schau-ins-Land 29, Freiburg im Breisgau 1972, pp. 5-68.
  27. ↑ Familysearch.org: Jakob Ludwig Count of Fürstenberg b. 1592 of, Heiligenberg, Konstanz, Baden d. 15 Nov 1627 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / histfam.familysearch.org archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed December 5, 2012
  28. ↑ Fürstenberg. In: Johann Samuel Publication : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts in alphabetical order , Volume 51, Brockhaus, Leipzig 1850, S 495, full text in the Google book search
  29. ↑ a b c d e Adolf Futterer: The barons of Garnier on the lordship of Lichteneck and their relationship to the spots of Riegel. 1941
  30. ↑ Christian von Stramburg , Anton Joseph Weidenbach : Memorable and useful Rhenish antiquarian, which represents the most important and pleasant geographical, historical and political peculiarities of the entire Rhine river, from its outflow into the sea to its origin. Middle Rhine. The 2nd department, 16th volume, Koblenz 1869, p. 130 full text in the Google book search
  31. ^ Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg (1717–1787): Rise and fall of the district chief in Breisgau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, ISBN 3-7930-0343-4 , p. 37.
  32. ^ A b c Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg (1717–1787): The rise and fall of the district chief in Breisgau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, ISBN 3-7930-0343-4 , p. 32 ff.
  33. ^ A b c Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg (1717–1787): The rise and fall of the district chief in Breisgau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, ISBN 3-7930-0343-4 , p. 31.
  34. ^ Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg (1717–1787): Rise and fall of the district chief in Breisgau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, ISBN 3-7930-0343-4 , p. 17.
  35. ^ Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg (1717–1787): Rise and fall of the district chief in Breisgau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, ISBN 3-7930-0343-4 , p. 95.
  36. ^ Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg (1717–1787): Rise and fall of the district chief in Breisgau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, ISBN 3-7930-0343-4 , p. 123 ff.
  37. ^ Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg (1717–1787): Rise and fall of the district chief in Breisgau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, ISBN 3-7930-0343-4 , p. 137 ff.
  38. ^ Friedrich Cast: Historical and genealogical book of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden; Adapted from official sources obtained from the authorities and other authentic sources , Stuttgart 1845, pp. 79f. ( Digitized version ).
  39. ↑ GeneaNet: Franz Anton Marquard von Falkenstein zu Rimsingen , accessed on July 3, 2011.
  40. ↑ Michael Buhlmann: The St. Georgen Monastery in the Black Forest and the Lords of Falkenstein. In: Vertex Alemanniae - Series of publications by the Association for Local History St. Georgen / Series of publications on Southwest German history , Issue 26, St. Georgen im Schwarzwald 2007, ( digitized, PDF file ), p. 15.
  41. ↑ GeneaNet: Ernst von FALKENSTEIN zu RIMSINGEN , accessed on July 23, 2011.
  42. ^ A b Karl Schäfer: The old Freiburg: a historical guide to the art monuments of the city. Lorenz and Waetzel, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1895, p. 75. ( digitized version )
  43. ↑ a b c Schmidt, p. 271.
  44. ↑ a b Wolf-Holzäpfel, p. 282.
  45. ^ Carl Anton Meckel had already published in 1898 in the book Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings. several plan drawings for the house published ( digitized at Wikisource )
  46. ↑ Citizens' Committee meeting in: Freiburger Zeitung. No. 15, Second Morning Gazette of January 16, 1909, ( digitized version )
  47. ↑ a b Wolf-Holzäpfel, p. 382.
  48. ↑ cf. Files of the Freiburg City Archives C3 68/2, Fasc. 1 1906-09
  49. ^ The premises of the Volksbank were also taken over by the Sparkasse in 1975 after they moved to the main train station
  50. ↑ cf. the files in the Freiburg City Archives, C3 68/2, Fasc. 1 1906-09
  51. ↑ Citizens' Committee meeting. In: Freiburger Zeitung of January 16, 1909, No. 15, volume 126, 2nd morning edition ( digitized version )
  52. ↑ Karl Zimmer: Das Haus zum Gauch in seven centuries In: Schau-ins-Land 104 , Freiburg 1985
  53. ↑ Ulrich Ecker: The houses Zum Silberberg and Zum Rosen (Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 188), formerly 54 I and 54 I. In: Schau-ins-Land 104 , Freiburg 1985
  54. ↑ Ulrich Ecker: Das Haus Zum Roten Kopf (Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 190), formerly 56. In: Schau-ins-Land 104 , Freiburg 1985
  55. ↑ Badische Zeitung, January 12, 2011, The History of the Button Merchant Family. How the successful Jewish button family tried to build a metropolitan department store in Freiburg and to please everyone. The question of ownership of the Zum Roten Kopf building has been settled between the descendants of the Knopf family and the Sparkasse since 1982 .
  56. ↑ Erwin Münzer: Directory of the architectural monuments. Freiburg City Archives, K 1/44 - 1315 ( Joseph Schlippe estate )
  57. ^ Albert, p. 10.
  58. ↑ a b c The municipal savings bank in Freiburg im Breisgau. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. XLVII. Vol., No. 6, Berlin January 18, 1913.
  59. ↑ a b c The municipal savings bank in Freiburg im Breisgau. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. XLVII. Vol., No. 3, Berlin January 8, 1913
  60. ↑ a b Ferdinand Kölble, Josef Willmann: The Public Sparkasse Freiburg. Memorandum for the 100th anniversary , Freiburg im Breisgau 1926, p. 40 f.
  61. ↑ At the time, square painting was also present on the opposite St. Martin's Church (restored by Max Meckel), on the facade of the Krebs bank and on the Großer Meyerhof restaurant, which Carl Anton Meckel helped to renovate in 1905/1906.
  62. ↑ a b Wolf-Holzäpfel, p. 284.
  63. ↑ a b c alt-freiburg.de: Sparkasse with Haus zum Walfisch , accessed on September 2, 2011.
  64. ↑ Masterpiece in: Badische Zeitung from April 1, 2006
  65. ^ Anja von Wiarda: Max Meckel / Ludwig Kubanek in: Michael Klant (ed.): Sculpture in Freiburg. Modo, Freiburg i. Br. 1998, ISBN 3-922675-76-X .
  66. ↑ Comparable bars can also be found on the Badische Heimat house in Hansjakobstrasse.
  67. ↑ Schadek, p. 132 f.
  68. ^ A b Walter Vetter: Freiburg - a guide to art and history. Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 1986, pp. 85-87.
  69. ^ Albert, p. 9.
  70. ^ Albert, p. 16.
  71. ^ Josef Wysocki: 150 years of Sparkasse Freiburg. Waisch, where the way to a guilder is? Anniversary publication for the 150th anniversary of the Freiburg Public Savings Bank. Freiburg graphic companies, 1976, p. 121.
  72. ↑ Asli Serbest, Mona Mahall: Junk Jet n ° 3 , igmade.edition, 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030127-8 , p. 78f. partially digitized in the Google book search
  73. ↑ Les Paul Robley: Fabulous Technicolor! - A History of Low Fade Color Print Stocks . Accessed August 23, 2011.
  74. ↑ Detlef Klewer: Inferno-Die Welt des Dario Argento , Medien P&W, 1999, ISBN 978-3-931608-27-9 , p. 54
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on October 6, 2011 in this version .

Coordinates: 47 ° 59 '47.4 "  N , 7 ° 51' 2.8"  E