Dolní Poustevna
| Dolní Poustevna | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Děčín | ||||
| Area : | 1105.4429 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 59 ′ N , 14 ° 17 ′ E | ||||
| Height: | 298 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,732 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 407 82 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Rumburk – Dolní Poustevna | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Robert Holec (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Vilémovská 77 407 83 Dolní Poustevna |
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| Municipality number: | 562441 | ||||
| Website : | www.dolnipoustevna.cz | ||||
| Location of Dolní Poustevna in the Děčín district | |||||
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Dolní Poustevna (German: Nieder Einsiedel ) is a Czech city in the northern Bohemian district of Děčín .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in northern Bohemia at 298 m above sea level. M. in the valley of the Luční potok (Heimichbach) , which flows into the Sebnitzbach ( Wölmsdorfer Bach , Czech Vilémovský potok ) here. To the east of the city is the 443 m high peak of the Spálený vrch (Hillebrand) . Dolní Poustevna is the westernmost place in the Bohemian Netherlands , which is also known as the Schluckenauer Zipfel. The border with Saxony is in the west and south .
Community structure
The town of Dolní Poustevna consists of the districts Dolní Poustevna ( lower settlement ) , Horní Poustevna (upper settlement) , Karlín ( Carolinsthal , also Karolinstal ), Markéta (Margarethendorf) and Nová Víska (Neudörfel) . Basic settlement units are Dolní Poustevna, Horní Poustevna, Karlín and Nová Víska.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Poustevna, Horní Poustevna and Nová Víska u Dolní Poustevny.
Neighboring places
| Lobendava (Lobendau) | ||
| Neustadt in Saxony |
.svg)
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Vilémov (Wölmsdorf), Lipová u Šluknova (Hainspach) |
| Sebnitz |
history
Nieder Einsiedel or Dolní Poustevna was founded in the 1280s.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Nieder Einsiedel had a famous paper mill for fine paper. Since paper of this quality could not yet be produced in neighboring Saxony, Friedrich August I offered a reward of 100 ducats to those who were able to produce paper of comparable quality in Saxony.
On June 4, 1918, the place received city rights.
After the First World War , the region was incorporated into the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . Due to the Munich Agreement Lower Einsiedel belonged from 1938 to 1945 for the district Schluckenau , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the German Reich District of Sudetenland .
Since the 19th century, the Bohemian Niedereinsiedel, like the neighboring Saxon Sebnitz, has been a center for the production of artificial flowers . After the expulsion of the German residents and the Communist takeover in 1948, the many small workshops were combined in the state-owned company Centroflor . At that time, over 3,000 employees were involved in the manufacture of artificial flowers in Dolní Poustevna. After 1989 the sales markets for artificial flowers collapsed very quickly, so that the Centroflor company was liquidated. Only in the neighboring Velký Šenov ( Groß Schönau ) is the production of artificial flowers still operated in a former part of Centroflor.
Today Dolní Poustevna is home to a large group of Roma , the proportion of which is growing compared to the rest of the population. There were repeated conflicts.
Population development
Until 1945 Nieder Einsiedel was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 698 | in 110 houses |
| 1869 | 982 | |
| 1880 | 1204 | |
| 1890 | 1561 | |
| 1900 | 2120 | |
| 1921 | 3066 | |
| 1930 | 3162 | According to other information, 3066 inhabitants, 2561 of them German |
| 1939 | 2626 |
| year | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 1 242 | 1 254 | 1 384 | 1 409 | 1 333 | 1 552 | 1 430 |
Culture and sights
Dolní Poustevna has an active puppet theater that hosts a puppet theater festival every year.
traffic
Poustevna has a train station on the Rumburk – Sebnitz railway line, which opened in 1904/1905 . Rail traffic across the border to Sebnitz (Sachs) station was discontinued in 1945, but resumed on July 5, 2014. The gap closure with a 600 meter long railroad track was completed in 2013.
A road connection leads to the Saxon city of Sebnitz .
sons and daughters of the town
- Karlheinz Pech (* 1933), German historian
- Hans-Joachim Maaz (* 1943), German psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
Movies
In 2007, the documentary film Poustevna, That is Paradise, was completed, which connects the lives of very different inhabitants of the place in episodes.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Obec Dolní Poustevna: Podrobné informace. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 30, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Části obcí. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 30, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 30, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ Katastrální území. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 30, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ Franz Aloys Mussik: The Schönlinde market and its eingepfarrte villages. In addition to a brief outline of the dominions of Böhmisch-Kamnitz, Hainspach, Schluckenau and Rumburg. A historical-topographical attempt . Prague 1828, p. 146, paragraph 14.
- ^ Sächsische Zeitung , Dresden, March 13, 2007
- ^ Karl-Peter Schwarz: Roma in the Czech Republic: Dispute in the Zipfel , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, September 1, 2011.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, p. 267, item 9).
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. Schluckenau district (Czech: Sluknov). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Genealogy Sudetenland
- ↑ “Poustevna, this is paradise” - film expedition to the Sudetes. Radio Prague November 18, 2007