Islamic Organizations in Germany

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Islamic organizations emerged in Germany through the sending of missionaries as well as through the immigration of so-called migrant workers and Muslim refugees who set up places of worship at their respective places of residence. Most of them have come together in religious mosque associations according to German association law , which are mostly oriented towards the religious currents and institutions in their countries of origin. In the course of time, further interest groups and organizations of Muslims in Germany (e.g. women, youth, education) have emerged.

Corporations under public law

Corporations under public law (KdöR) enjoy special state rights :

  1. Corporations can have taxes levied by the state (right to levy tax),
  2. Appoint church officials (employers ability)
  3. make use of incoming community members at the new place of residence (parochial law) and
  4. Be a cemetery bearer.

Ahmadiyya

  • Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Germany KdöR (AMJ): The German center (Baitus Sabuh) is located in Frankfurt am Main . The Ahmadiyya has been represented in Germany since the early 1920s and has had corporate status (in Hesse) since 2013 (and also since 2014 in Hamburg). The pioneering achievements include the first mosques and the first Koran translations from Muslim hands (see Islam in Germany ). Around 35,000 members and more than 40 representative mosques ( 100 mosque plan ) with dome and / or minaret and 250 local congregations with smaller prayer rooms make it one of the largest and oldest organizations in Germany. Several Islamic TV channels are broadcast worldwide (see Muslim Television Ahmadiyya ). In a publishing house literature is printed in German. Several traveling exhibitions about Islam and nationwide advertising campaigns (including posters and advertisements on public transport) are intended to reduce prejudice. Every year the largest Islamic "church convention" in Europe (most recently in the Karlsruhe fair) is organized ( Jalsa Salana ), at which the Khalifat ul-Massih of the community isregularlypresent. In 2012, the community opened the first institute for the training of German-speaking imams in Germany. Since 2013 it has been the provider of Muslim religious instruction at primary schools in Hesse.

Other contenders

  • Some Turkish associations and umbrella organizations (e.g. the Ditib) have long been applying for church status. So far these requests have not been approved.

Organizations according to association law

Sunni Islam

Associations of Turkish Sunnis

  • The Turkish-Islamic Union of the Institute for Religion eV (DİTİB) is the Islamic association with the largest number of members in Germany. It was founded in 1984 as an offshoot of the Turkish religious authority Diyanet in Germany, and its headquarters are in Cologne-Ehrenfeld . The exact number of members is not known. Estimates assume that less than 13% of all Turkish Muslims even belong to an association. The imams and religious teachers in their mosque communities are sent from Turkey. Since the Turkish state was financially in a very tense situation in the 1970s and 1980s, these functionaries initially had to be paid with funds from the Islamic World League , which was heavily criticized by the Kemalist side. The fixation on Turkey and the Turkish language proved to be a disadvantage when other Islamic organizations consciously addressed the public in German and thus appeared to be more dialogue-oriented.
    Under its chairman Rıdvan Çakır (2003-2007) (religious attaché of the Turkish embassy), the association endeavored to present itself more strongly as part of German society. DİTİB was z. B. Initiator of the event “Together for Peace and Against Terror”. Over 20,000 Muslim believers took part in the demonstration in Cologne on November 21, 2004 , at which Claudia Roth , Günther Beckstein and Fritz Behrens also spoke. DITIB was very strongly criticized from the rest of the Islamic spectrum for not seeking cooperation with the other Islamic organizations during this demonstration.
    It was the first major action of its kind in the Federal Republic of Germany, with the aim of setting a sign of distancing itself from violence in the name of Islam. For years, DİTİB refused - in contrast to all other Islamic organizations - Islamic religious instruction in German . In recent years, DITIB has tried more and more to pretend to be the sole representation of Muslims and to raise its profile. She is often treated as a privileged interlocutor by the German state authorities and the churches. The role of the DITIB is controversial, as with it a foreign state, namely Turkey, has direct influence on Islamic life in Germany.
  • Islamic Community Millî Görüş : The former German offshoot of the Turkish religious-Islamic party under Necmettin Erbakan (initially Milli Selâmet Partisi, later Refah Partisi , Fazilet Partisi , Saadet Partisi) was founded in Cologne in 1976 and has been called Milli Görüş since 1995.
    The European organization is based in Kerpen . There are 16 regional sections in Germany, fourin     France ,two eachin Austria and the Netherlands, and one each in the United Kingdom , Belgium , Switzerland , Sweden , Denmark and Norway . Several state offices for the protection of the constitution observe this association and report on anti-constitutional tendencies, which are not specified by the protection of the constitution. The Office for the Protection of the Constitution also emphasize, however, that it is not an organization of violent Islamists. The organizational structure is difficult to see through, in which critics want to recognize a deliberate obfuscation strategy. Milli Görüş often appears today in the form of “Islamic federations” at the state level , which - like Milli Görüş himself -belong tothe Islamic Council for the Federal Republic of Germany .
  • ATİB - Avrupa Türk-Islam Kültür Dernekleri Birliği / Union Turkish-Islamic Cultural Associations in Europe eV is a nationalist umbrella organization of cultural associations, which came together in 1987 in order to distance themselves from daily Turkish politics and to distance themselves from the interests of parties / organizations based in Turkey / Disconnect movements. The founder of the organization, Musa Serdar Celebi, was previously chairman of the Federation of Turkish Democratic Idealist Associations in Europe . In contrast to the majority of the other umbrella organizations, ATIB has no dependencies on institutions or persons in Turkey. Historically, most of the affiliated associations are associations that have split off from the Turkish Federation and that couldno longer identifywith the development of the idealist movement in Turkey.
    The founding goal of the ATIB was to find solutions for the problems of the Turkish migrant society, which had accumulated for decades and which had not yet been seriously realized. Society should be made aware of these and solutions should be developed.
    The seat of the ATIB headquarters is in Cologne. The imams and religion teachers in their mosque communities are mainly recruited from Turkey, but great efforts are being made to find ways to train Muslims who grew up here in these professions.
    As one of the first migrant organizations, the ATIB worked against the fixation of thoughts on Turkey and positioned itself in a dialogue-oriented manner. This attitude led to a number of projects that were also intended to induce the other Islamic organizations to concentrate on the local problems of migrants. The ATIB is a co-founder and member of the Central Council of Muslims in Germany (ZMD) and the Council of Citizens of Turkish Origin (RTS). Inaddition to its commitment to teaching in German, ATIB has also published a publicationon the subject of “ Islamic religious instruction”. ATIB also takes a position on the side of free and democratic basic rights on issues such as “mother tongue teaching”, the “right to freedom of belief and professional practice for teachers with headscarves”.
  • Several organizations are committed to the teachings of Said Nursî (disciple-only). These include Lichtstrasse in Cologne, the Risale-i Nur Institute in Stuttgart and EuroNur in Ahlen . They are represented in the umbrella association ERNA. The Islamic Community Jama 'at-un Nur represents the ideas of Said Nursi, as it was further represented by Fethullah Gülen (* 1938) (see Gülen movement ). The students-only are very active in interreligious dialogue .
  • The Association of Islamic Cultural Centers (VIKZ) is the Islamic association based on the teachings of Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan (1888–1959). The association was founded in 1973, making it the oldest permanent Turkish-Islamic association in Germany. Activities focus on religious meditation and dhikr (recitation of the name of God); the movement is not directly politically active.
  • Association of Islamic Associations and Communities eV (Islami Cemaat ve Cemiyetler Birligi / ICCB) : This organization was a radical split from Millî Görüş , which was founded in 1984 by Cemalettin Kaplan (known as Khomeini of Cologne or Caliph of Cologne ). It propagated the overthrow of the secular state order in Turkey, the establishment of a " caliphate state " and isolation from the German majority society. After Kaplan's death in 1995, the movement split because not all supporters recognized his son Metin Kaplan as his successor. The following was small, with a focus on Cologne, Bavarian Swabia and East Württemberg . In 2002 the organization was banned by the Federal Minister of the Interior because of anti-constitutional objectives .
  • The Association of Turkish Cultural Associations in Europe is the European organization of the extremely nationalist Büyük Birlik Partis . The Turkish name is Avrupa Türk Birliği , (abbreviation ATB). The ATB was founded in 2002 as the successor to Avrupa Nizam-ı Alem Ocakları Federasyonu (ANOF). The current chairman is Recep Yıldırım .

Arab Sunnis Associations

  • The Islamic Community in Germany was founded in Munich in 1958 as the Mosque Building Commission eV and two years later it was renamed the Islamic Community in Southern Germany . The organization has had its current name since 1982. The Islamic Community in Germany belongs to the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood . For years, the IGD has been actively trying to develop a German Islamic identity. According to their self-image, it is about creating a “home” for German-speaking Islam. Local associations can be found in most of the German federal states. A partner organization of the IGD, which is a founding member of the Central Council of Muslims in Germany eV, is the Frankfurt- based Muslim Student Association in Germany (MSV), whose branches are active at numerous universities .
  • Hizb ut-Tahrir was banned in 2002 because of its anti-constitutional purpose. The NPD chairman Udo Voigt and Horst Mahler took part in a meeting of the group in 2002 to forge an alliance between Islamism and right-wing extremism.

Associations of European Sunnis

Shiite Islam

Twelve Shiites

Seven Shiites (Ismailites)

Special groups

Ahmadiyya

Alevis

  • Alevi Congregation Germany (AABF): The second largest group of Turkish Muslims in Germany after the Turkish Sunnis has been represented since 1992. The Alevis are a liberal religious community. For them z. B. the Islamic legal system Sharia not. The Alevi Congregation Germany maintains more than 100 associations with a total of over 20,000 members. Around 500,000 Alevis live in Germany, other estimates assume 700,000 followers. The AABF, in which a large number of Turkish Kurds are represented, sees the separation of state and religion as important.

al-Habash

Sufism

  • Haqqani Trust - Association for New German Muslims : one of the best-known nationally active Sufi associations based in Mönchengladbach . Its head office in Germany is in the Eifel in Kall-Sötenich. Regular events take place there, such as the Friday prayer with a German Friday sermon, the weekly and monthly Dhikr , music festivals etc. The association belongs to the Naqschbandi-Haqqani order (a branch of the Naqschbandīya ) and thus works according to the teachings of Sheikh Nazim al-Haqqani .

Converts

Liberal Muslims

The Liberal-Islamic Federation , founded in 2010 and chaired by Lamya Kaddor , represents liberal positions and advocates e.g. For example same-sex marriage and rejects a religious obligation to wear the headscarf . The federal government rejects any form of anti-Christian, anti-Semitic and anti-Islamic discrimination and advocates a dogma-free , (in their eyes) contemporary interpretation of the Koran .

The Association of Democratic European Muslims (VDEM), founded in 2010, claims to represent the socio-political and religious interests of democratic Muslims who have a cosmopolitan and liberal understanding of the religion of Islam . Well-known members are the political scientist Bassam Tibi , the Islam theologian Reza Hajatpour and the Islam-critical social scientist Necla Kelek . President was Eyüp Özgün selected.

The Muslim Forum Germany, founded in 2015 . V. ( MFD ) is a platform for public figures who, according to their own statements , want to give a voice to humanistically oriented Muslims in Germany. The speaker is Ahmad Mansour . The first signatories of the declaration of incorporation included a. Mouhanad Khorchide , Erdal Toprakyaran , Lamya Kaddor , Güner Yasemin Balci and Cigdem Toprak . Besides Sunnis and Shiites , Alevis , Yazidis and Christian supporters are also among the participants in the forum.

The Center for Islamic Research and Promotion of Women (ZIF), formed in 1995, is an association of Muslim women in Germany that advocates a gender-equitable interpretation of Islamic sources and an appropriate evaluation and representation of women in Islam .

Muslim interest groups

Youth organizations

  • Association of Alevi Young People in Germany (AAGB) : The AAGB sees itself as a self-organization of young people between the ages of 16 and 28 who belong to the Alevi faith. Cultural and religious seminars, courses and trips are among the main focuses of the AAGB.
  • Association of Muslim Scouts and Girl Scouts in Germany (BMPPD) : The scout association founded in 2010 with around 150 members is open to children and young people of all Muslim faiths. Its orientation is strongly influenced by the French partner association Scouts Musulmans de France .
  • Muslim Youth in Germany eV : First exclusively German-speaking nationwide and independent Muslim youth organization in Germany. It was founded by Muslim youth for Muslim youth.
  • Lifemakers : a network of young Muslims from all over Germany who follow Amr Khaled's message and want to make themselves useful in the society in which they live. This through projects such as the German winter fairy tale project (eating homeless and poor), integration projects (offering German courses), mosque service (cleaning up places of worship), orphan project (looking after orphans), women’s project (education about the rights of women in Islam) etc.
  • Majlis Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya Germany eV (MKAD)

Student organizations

  • The Council of Muslim Students and Academics (RAMSA)
  • Islamic Ahmadiyya Student Association (IASV)

Women's networks

Educational organizations

schools

  • Islamic primary school in Berlin - sponsoring association: Islam Kolleg eV
  • Islamic Primary School in Munich (German-Islamic School), closed in 2010
  • Islamic weekend school in Stuttgart
  • Islamic School Nuremberg

Academies

  • Muslim Academy in Germany , Berlin (de facto no longer active)
  • Islamic Academy Germany
  • Islamic Academy of North Rhine-Westphalia

Other

  • Institute for Islamic Theology and Languages ​​Training of Imams in Riedstadt, directed by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat
  • Institute for International Education and Didactics
  • Institute for Islamic Studies in Trebbus
  • Islamic Studies Initiative
  • Institute for Islamic Education
  • Islamic Science and Education Institute in Hamburg
  • Zentralinstitut Islam-Archiv-Deutschland , Soest

Umbrella and umbrella organizations

The Central Association of the Coordination Council of Muslims was created as a point of contact, particularly for German federal and state institutions. It includes the umbrella organizations Islam Council for the Federal Republic of Germany and Central Council of Muslims in Germany, as well as the two organizations Turkish-Islamic Union of the Institute for Religion and the Association of Islamic Cultural Centers. It was expanded to include the Central Council of Moroccans in Germany (ZRMD), the Union of Islamic-Albanian Centers (UIAZD) and, in perspective, the Islamic Community of Bosniaks (IGBD).

Several Islamic organizations are united in umbrella organizations:

In several federal states, Islamic federations were founded in the vicinity of Milli Görüş and the Central Council . Their main goal is to enforce Islamic religious instruction under their direction. In this context, the ministries of culture had repeatedly referred to the problem that there were no organizations comparable to the churches that could be responsible for religious instruction.

Islam Conference

The German Islam Conference began in Berlin on September 27, 2006, chaired by Interior Minister Schäuble . So far, it has been continued in different compositions and on different issues in the further legislative periods.

See also

literature

  • Marfa Heimbach: The development of the Islamic community in Germany since 1961 Klaus Schwarz Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-87997-295-8 .
  • Peter Heine : Crescent moon over German roofs. Muslim life in our country. List, Munich / Leipzig 1997, ISBN 3-471-79344-5 .
  • Ursi Schweizer: Muslims in Europe. Citizenship and Islam in a Liberal and Secular Democracy Klaus Schwarz Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-87997-346-0 .
  • Alev Inan: Islam goes Internet. Websites of Islamic organizations in the World Wide Web Tectum, Marburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8288-9389-4 .
  • Silvia Kaweh: Sunni and Shiite Islam in Germany. In: Michael Klöcker, Udo Tworuschka (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Religionen. Churches and denominations in Germany. , Olzog, Landsberg / Lech 2005/2006, ISBN 3-7892-9900-6 .
  • This: integration or segregation. Religious values ​​in Muslim print media. A systematic content analysis of Muslim (extracurricular) German-language print media. Bautz, Nordhausen 2006, ISBN 3-88309-340-8 .
  • Thomas Lemmen: Islamic Organizations in Germany . Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Department of Labor and Social Policy), Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-86077-880-3 .
  • Ursula Spuler-Stegemann : Muslims in Germany. Information and clarifications. Herder, Freiburg i. B. 2005, ISBN 3-451-05607-0 .
  • Cemil Şahinöz : The Nurculuk Movement. Creation, organization and networking. The first sociological and scientific analysis of movement. Nesil Verlag: Istanbul, 2008, ISBN 978-9752696204 ( online ) (a document by a representative of the movement)
  • Werner Schiffauer: "After Islamism. An ethnography of the Islamic community Milli Görüs", suhrkamp 2010
  • Raida Chbib: "Uniform representation and internal Muslim diversity. A data-based analysis of the institutionalization of Islam in Germany." In: Meyer, Hendrik / Schubert, Klaus (ed.): Politics and Islam, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3531178912 .
  • Susanne Schmidt: Cooperation with Muslim Associations - A Guide . AWO Federal Association, 2012

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://mediendienst-integration.de/artikel/erste-muslimische-gemeinde-erhaelt-koerperschaftsstatus.html
  2. ^ Religion: First Muslim community receives church status . In: The time . June 13, 2013, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed August 10, 2016]).
  3. ↑ MOPO.de: Muslim Association: Hamburg equates the "Ahmadiyya" with the churches. Retrieved August 10, 2016 .
  4. ↑ http://www.n-tv.de/politik/Muslimische-Gemeinde-erhaelt-Kirchenstatus-article10821086.html
  5. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutsche-islam-konferenz.de
  6. ^ Dpa: Religion: First Muslim community receives church status. In: Zeit Online. June 13, 2013, accessed July 5, 2015 .
  7. ↑ http://www.ahmadiyya.de/events/art/verlag-der-islam-auf-der-frankfurter-buchmesse-2013/
  8. ↑ http://www.ndr.de/kultur/kunst/niedersachsen/Islam-Ausstellung-gegen-Hass-und-Vorurteile,islam258.html ( Memento from October 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat in the Federal Republic of Germany eV
  10. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from July 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ http://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/eimsbuettel/article128464078/Muslimische-Ahmadiyyas- Werden-Kirchen-gleich- stellungs.html
  12. ↑ http://www.idea.de/gesellschaft/detail/nur-jeder-siebte-muslim-gehoert-einem-islamischen-verband-an-87976.html
  13. ^ ATIB
  14. ↑ ERNA
  15. ↑ Islamic Center Hamburg (IZH)
  16. ↑ Islamic Council of Ahl-ul-Bayt (IRAB)
  17. ↑ Islamic Community of Shiite Communities in Germany (IGS)
  18. ↑ Islamic Center Hamburg  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / de.izhamburg.de  
  19. ↑ Livenet: 30 days of prayer: A ruler without a country
  20. ↑ bestinfosite: Jamatkhanas of the World (Ismaili Community Centers)
  21. ↑ ismaili.net: Jamatkhanas of the World - Search by Name & Country
  22. ↑ Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam Lahore, AAIIL
  23. ^ " Number of members: Islam" , in: Religiouswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. (Abbreviation: REMID) , accessed on February 13, 2017
  24. ↑ "Number of Muslims in Germany by religion in 2015 * (in 1,000)" , in: Statista GmbH , accessed on February 13, 2017
  25. ↑ Ottoman hostel
  26. ^ German Muslim League Bonn eV
  27. ↑ Liberal-Islamischer Bund eV
  28. ↑ http://taz.de/Debatte-Islam/!76794/
  29. ↑ Press release: Founding of the Association of Democratic-European Muslims VDEM May 2010.
  30. ↑ Press release: Founding of the Association of Democratic-European Muslims VDEM May 2010.
  31. ^ Regina Mönch: The other Muslims Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung May 17, 2010
  32. ↑ Interview Klaus Pokatzky with Reza Hajatpour: "And it is important for us to enter into dialogue with other secular associations" Deutschlandfunk May 21, 2010
  33. ↑ Press release Konrad Adenauer Foundation “Muslim Forum Germany” on the initiative of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation founded on April 22, 2015
  34. ↑ Internet presence of the center.
  35. ↑ The LifeMakers
  36. ↑ [1]
  37. ^ Action alliances for Muslim women in Germany. Accessed on February 5, 2018 (German).
  38. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Islamic education in the Federal Republic of Germany ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.islam-experte.de
  39. ↑ https://www.islamische-akademie-nrw.de
  40. ↑ Janek Rauhe: In the school of the imams. In: FAZ.net . June 16, 2013, accessed October 13, 2018 .