Nový Jáchymov
| Nový Jáchymov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Beroun | ||||
| Area : | 497.668 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 59 ' N , 13 ° 57' E | ||||
| Height: | 374 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 696 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 267 03 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Roztoky - Králův Dvůr | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Iva Kinclová (as of 2013) | ||||
| Address: | Nový Jáchymov 31 267 03 Hudlice |
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| Municipality number: | 531600 | ||||
| Website : | www.obecnovyjachymov.cz | ||||
| Location of Nový Jáchymov in the Beroun district | |||||
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Nový Jáchymov (German Neu Joachimsthal , also Neujoachimsthal ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is ten kilometers west of Beroun and belongs to the Okres Beroun .
geography
Nový Jáchymov is located in the valley of the Habrový brook in the Křivoklátská vrchovina. The village is located in the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area . To the north rise the Na Skaliskách or Buček (447 m) and the Ježkův vrch (393 m), in the northeast the Hradiště (380 m), to the east the Na Dubině (378 m) and the Lísek (483 m), in the south Hudlický vrch (522 m) and the Krušná hora (609 m), to the west the Špička (531 m), the Zadní Hrobce (517 m) and the Přední Hrobce (528 m). At Stará Ohrada, the Habrový potok and its tributary Karlovský potok form a cascade of three ponds (Hořejší rybník, Prostřední rybník and Monstranský rybník), whereby the Hořejší rybník is already in the municipality of Roztoky .
Neighboring towns are Račice and Žloukovice in the north, Lisa, Ovčín, Nová Huť, Nižbor and Jezírka in the Northeast, Na Černidlech, Na Drahách, Otročiněves and Krušná Hora to the east, Doužebnice, Lísek and Hudlice the southeast, Svatská Hájovna, Svatá , Král and Varta in the south, Habrový Potok, Kublov and Broumy in the south-west, Stará Ohrada, Karlov and Karlova Ves in the west and Branov , Leontýn, Pustá Seč and Častonice in the north-west.
history
The Nischburg estate was bequeathed in 1731 by Johann Joseph Graf von Waldstein to his daughter and universal heiress Maria Anna Fürstin zu Fürstenberg , who in 1756 united it with the lords of Pürglitz and Kruschowitz to form a family entailment of 400,000 guilders. Half of the inheritance went to her sons Joseph Wenzel zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen and Karl Egon I zu Fürstenberg, the other half to her daughters Henriette Fürstin von Thurn und Taxis and Maria Theresia zu Fürstenberg. She appointed her second-born son Karl Egon I as Fideikommisserbeer, who also acquired the shares of his siblings through compensation.
Under Karl Egon I. zu Fürstenberg an intensive mining of the hematite iron stone deposit on the Krušná hora began. From the Habrový potok valley, a deep hereditary tunnel was excavated in 1772 with the Josephi tunnel to clear the pits on the Krušná hora and the Hudlický kopec. In 1793, Franz Josef von Gerstner designed the Centaur, a drum hoisting machine for the main shaft, to convey 850 kg of ore per vessel. The ores were u. a. Processed in the iron and steel works of Neuhütten , Althütten , Karlshütten , Františkov , Strašice and Holoubkov . After the death of Karl Egon I, his eldest son Philipp Fürst zu Fürstenberg († 1790) inherited the property in 1787, followed by his children Karl Gabriel zu Fürstenberg († 1799) and Leopoldine Princess of Hesse-Rothenburg-Rheinfels. In 1803, the female heirs waived a family settlement in favor of the underage Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg and the princely and landgrave houses of Fürstenberg, Joachim Egon Landgrave von Fürstenberg was appointed as administrator until he came of age in 1817.
Joachimsthal was founded in 1810 by Joachim Egon Landgraf von Fürstenberg, when he had a layer house built for the iron ore mines in the wooded valley . The shift supervisor of the Neuhütten ironworks, chief forester Franz Nittinger, suggested the construction of a new ironworks in the forest area in the immediate vicinity of the rich iron ore deposits on the Krušná hora in order to save the transport costs for ore and coal. For the technical implementation of the project, Nittinger got support from Franz Josef von Gerstner. He saw the valley as the ideal location, as the ore could be extracted here through a tunnel and this at the same time provided the water power to drive the blowers. Because of the small amount of water, Gerstner constructed a mechanism consisting of two superposed water wheels, each 32 feet in diameter, with the lower wheel being fed by the impact water running off the upper wheel . Both water wheels jointly set the fan shaft of the two adjacent blast furnaces in motion via a comb wheel. A 400 fathom long water supply gully was constructed for the necessary 80 foot drop. In 1817, Joachim Egon took Landgraf von Furstenberg in Joachimsthal one of the most modern ironworks in Central Europe with massive cottage building with 13.276 m high, according to Karl Egon II. And his fiancée Amalie of Baden named Zwillingshochöfen Karl and Amalie , a large iron foundry, a Gebläsegetriebwerk with Hydropower and steam engine drive, coal and ore sheds, a massive steelworks headquarters building, two civil servants' houses and a large carpentry, locksmith and modeling workshop in operation. On the frontispiece of the blast furnace building was the inscription Joachimus Egon Caroli Egoni Suo MDCCCXVII . A settlement for the workers and miners was formed around the Fürstenberger Hütte. The place name derives from the founder, but was also an allusion to the mountain town of Sankt Joachimsthal . Because of the danger of confusion, the name of the settlement was soon changed to Neu-Joachimsthal . Since the tight surcharge had proven to be insufficient to drive both fans in dry years, an 18 hp steam engine was set up in addition to the Gerstner mechanism, which delivered 2100 cubic feet of air per minute through a double-blown cast-iron cylinder.
Art cast objects weighing up to 100 tons were created in the iron foundry. a. on the Karlovy Vary Colonnade and in Prague. The most important cast work of the hut is the 17 m high and 113 ton heavy five-part monument commemorating the victory of General Hieronymus von Colloredo-Mansfeld over the French, which was unveiled in 1825 on the battlefield near Arbesau . The school was built in 1828. František Spal founded a hut chapel around 1830, which was later elevated to the status of the Princely-Fürstenberg Chapel. In 1842, the Bartelmus Brothers enamel factory with 30 workers was set up next to the ironworks and enamelled 80,000 cookware a year with a weight of 4,000 hundredweight.
In 1843 Neu-Joachimsthal or Nowý Joachimow consisted of 47 houses with 369 inhabitants. The ironworks and an enamel factory with a steam engine, eight factory rooms, warehouses and two workers' houses were located in the village. Above the hut building was the portal-like mouth hole of the Josephi tunnel, from which the ore was extracted from the Krušná hora by means of an English hunt train. The school with two classrooms for 120 students was under stately patronage. The entire population consisted of miners, ironworkers and professionals. The village of the castle chapel in Nischburg was parish . Until the middle of the 19th century, Neu-Joachimsthal remained subordinate to Gut Nischburg, which was part of the Fideikommiss Pürglitz.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Nový Jáchymov / Neu-Joachimsthal 1850 a municipality in the district Rakonitz and judicial district Křivoklát . After the death of Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg in 1854, his second-born son Max Egon I inherited the Fideikommiss Pürglitz. In the 1870s, an unsuccessful attempt to introduce coke firing and the lack of a railway connection to the smelter brought location disadvantages. In 1872 the ironworks was badly damaged by the flood of the century. After another flood of Habrový potok had caused severe damage in 1876, the two blast furnaces were blown out on June 30, 1877 for good. The still usable facilities were moved to Althütten and Karlshütten and the ironworks gradually demolished. Max Egon I. zu Fürstenberg sold the iron mines and the smelter properties to the Wiener Bankgesellschaft, which then sold them to the Böhmische Montan-Gesellschaft AG. The complete end of the Neu-Joachimsthal iron industry in 1889 led to the emigration of large parts of the population and the decline of social life in the village.
After the Prager Eisenindustrie-Gesellschaft AG took over the Bohemian Mining Company in 1909, iron mining on the Krušná hora experienced an upswing. In 1915, a 6,971 m long Lorenseilbahn to Karlshütten was put into operation. Three years later, an electric overhead line from Karlshütten with a transformer station was built on the Krušná hora, so that the steam locomotive could be stopped. In 1932 Nový Jáchymov had 502 inhabitants. After the Second World War, the Prague Iron Industry Company was nationalized on October 25, 1945. The community has belonged to the Okres Beroun since 1949 . The Důl Gabriela mine was expanded to become the largest iron ore mine in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. In the second half of the 1950s, a standby settlement for miners with 46 apartments was built in Nový Jáchymov. As a result, the population of Nový Jáchymov grew to over 700. At the beginning of the 1960s a new school was built. The Důl Gabriela colliery was shut down in 1967 due to the unprofitable iron ore processing and then the Lorenseilbahn operation to the smelter was removed.
The Stará Ohrada holiday complex with 280 cottages was built in the 1960s and 1970s. Today Nový Jáchymov is a resort.
Community structure
No districts are designated for the municipality of Nový Jáchymov. Nový Jáchymov includes the Stará Ohrada holiday settlement and the one-layer Habrový Potok.
Attractions
- Former shift house with a bell tower, it was reconstructed 1973–1974 and 1999–2003 and is now used as a restaurant and wine tavern U Cechu .
- Portal of the Josephi Erbstollen in the town center
- Forest cemetery with cast iron tombstones, north of the village on the road to Červený kříž, it was laid out in the 1830s by Franz Nittinger
- Červený kříž nature reserve, north of the village
- Former Gabriela mine on the Krušná hora
Personalities
- Franz Nittinger († 1839), the chief forester from Donaueschingen , was appointed shift supervisor at the Neuhütten ironworks in 1809. There he developed the plan to build a new ironworks on the Krušná hora. Later he was appointed court councilor and was inspector of the Princely-Fürstenberg possessions in Bohemia. His grave is in the forest cemetery.
- Miroslav Tyrš (1832–1884), after completing his studies, worked from 1856 to 1862 in Nový Jáchymov for the manufacturer Bartelmus as an educator for his sons Robert and Emil.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/531600/Novy-Jachymov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 13 Rakonitzer Kreis , 1845, pp. 273–275
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 13 Rakonitzer Kreis , 1845, pp. 288–289