Oral (city)
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| State : |
 Kazakhstan
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| Territory : | Western Kazakhstan | ||
| Founded : | 1613 | ||
| Coordinates : | 51 ° 14 ′ N , 51 ° 22 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 35 m | ||
| Area : | 209.8 km² | ||
| Residents : | 234,155 (Jan. 1, 2020) | ||
| Population density : | 1,116 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Time zone : | WKST ( UTC + 5 ) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+7) 7112 | ||
| Postal code : | 090000-090013 | ||
| License plate : | 07 (old: L) | ||
| Äkim ( Mayor ) : | Abat Schynybekow | ||
| Website : | |||
| Location in Kazakhstan | |||
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Oral ( Kazakh Орал ; Russian Уральск Uralsk ) is a city in Kazakhstan . It is located in the west of the country on the northern edge of the Caspian Depression, not far from the border with Russia, around 250 kilometers south of Samara and around 300 kilometers west of Orenburg . Located on the right bank of the Urals , the city is geographically part of Europe . The city is the administrative center and with 234,155 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) is also the largest city in the Western Kazakhstan region .
The city was founded in 1613 under the name Jaizk as a settlement of the Ural Cossacks . As early as 1772 there was an uprising against the local Russian commanders in the city and the surrounding area, which was suppressed. This was the trigger for the Pugachev uprising , at the end of which the city was renamed Uralsk. Also in the 19th century there were several smaller uprisings of the Cossacks in the city that were suppressed by Russian troops. The place developed into a trading center and was connected to the Ryazan-Ural Railway in 1894. The city was fiercely contested during the Russian Civil War and was besieged by the White Army for several months in 1919 .
geography
Geographical location
Oral is located in the north of the Western Kazakhstan region at the northern end of the Caspian Depression, approximately 30 kilometers from the Kazakh-Russian state border. The urban area is traversed by a total of three rivers. It is located at the mouth of the Chagan River and the Ural River (kazach. Жайық / Schajyq ). In addition, the Derköl River flows into the Tschagan a few kilometers north of it. The Urals traditionally mark the geographical border between Asia and Europe . Since the city is located on the northwestern side of the Urals, it is the only major city in Kazakhstan that is completely located on the European continent.
The area around Oral consists of steppe-like plains through which only the Urals flow. The urban area has an east-west extension of around twelve kilometers and a north-south extension of around five kilometers. The distance to the capital Nur-Sultan is 1747 kilometers. In addition to the city center, the city administration also reports a few rural settlements and three larger villages in the surrounding area: the village of Derköl to the north of the city, the village of Saschaghan to the west and the village of Krugloosernoje to the south.
climate
Oral and its immediate surroundings have a humid and hot summer continental climate typical of northern Kazakhstan , which corresponds to the effective climate classification Dfa . Summers are hot and dry, whereas winters are very cold. The coldest months of the year are January and February with an average daily temperature of around −12 ° C; Temperatures below −20 ° C are not uncommon at this time , in exceptional cases (as last in 1943) it can get down to −40 ° C. In February of that year the temperature dropped to −43.1 ° C. Summers in Oral are warm with average temperatures around 20 ° C. In July 1954 a maximum temperature of 41.6 ° C was measured. The rivers including the Urals usually freeze over in the winter months. The snow cover is on average around 15 cm thick; in particularly snowy winters, however, it can also be up to 70 cm. The annual rainfall is around 350 mm, with most of the rainfall occurring in summer and autumn. In contrast, the spring months are characterized by a relatively low amount of precipitation.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for oral
Source: www.weather-atlas.com
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history
The city was founded in 1584 by the local Cossacks and received city charter in 1613. Oral was called Jaiksk until 1775 (also Jaizk or Jaitsk ), as the Ural river was then called Jaik . In 1772 there was a first Cossack revolt against the local commander, General Traubenberg, who was murdered along with some other officers on February 12 of that year. Traubenberg had insisted on cutting off the Cossack beards and finally did the same "on the public market"; After the uprising was suppressed and the ringleaders were punished , several hundred insurgents fled into the surrounding swamps. On 17th September 1773 to Cossacks, Tatars and serfs of the collected in Jaiksk led by Don Cossacks and army deserter Yemelyan Pugachev who claimed that escaped his captors, actually - in 1762 murdered Peter III. to be - against Catherine the Great and took with an army of up to 9000 men u. a. the cities of Orenburg and Ufa . On January 15, 1775 , Catherine declared the renaming of both the river Jaik in Urals and the city of Jaiksk in Uralsk .
After Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union , the city was renamed Oral . Oral is the capital of the Kazakh region of Western Kazakhstan ( Batys Qasaqstan ).
politics
mayor
The current mayor ( Äkim , kas. Әкім) of Oral has been Abat Schynybekow since August 12, 2019 . During the Soviet period, the city administration was headed by the chairman of the executive committee. The following are the mayors of the city since 1991:
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coat of arms
Oral's coat of arms is rectangular. The jagged line at the top symbolizes the location of the city on the border of two states - Kazakhstan and Russia - as well as the location on the border of two continents - Asia and Europe. The two blue curved lines represent the region's two waterways, the Ural and Chagan rivers. In the upper half there is a picture of a silver and white horse as a symbol of freedom and progress. The horse was also a constant companion of the Kazakh steppe peoples. The color scheme of the coat of arms shows four different colors. The blue color of the lower area, the color of the Kazakh national flag , symbolizes belonging to the Republic of Kazakhstan. The light green represents the city's natural resources and the yellow color embodies the steppe in the middle of which the city was built on the border between Europe and Asia.
Town twinning
Oral maintains partnership relationships with the following foreign cities:
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Atyrau , Kazakhstan
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Blagoevgrad , Bulgaria
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Manisa , Turkey
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Orenburg , Russia
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Ostrava , Czech Republic
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Saratov , Russia
population
The calculation for the year 2020 resulted in a population of 234,155 inhabitants for Oral. Almost 55 percent of the city's population is made up of ethnic Kazakhs , and most of the residents are Muslim. The Russians , the majority of whom belong to the Russian Orthodox Church , make up almost 38 percent of the city's population. Other ethnic groups are the Ukrainians with 2.4 percent and the Tatars with two percent. Furthermore, a smaller number of Germans , Belarusians and Azerbaijanis live in Oral.
Population development
In the first and only census in the Russian Empire in 1897 , the city had a population of 36,466 people. This made it by far the largest city on the territory of today's Kazakhstan. The population also rose in the following years and by the end of the 1950s Oral became a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 1990s, the number of inhabitants exceeded the mark of 200,000 people and in 1991 reached almost 214,000 inhabitants. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, like almost all of Kazakhstan, the population began to decline temporarily. Today 234,155 people live in the city itself. The entire area, which is subordinate to the city administration and still includes several settlements and villages, has a population of 314,657 people (as of January 1, 2020).
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¹ census result
Culture and sights
Buildings
One of the oldest buildings in Oral is the Archangel Michael Cathedral . After ten years of construction, the church building was completed in 1751 and consecrated to Archangel Michael , the patron saint of the Cossacks . The Archangel Michael Cathedral, like many other churches in the former Soviet Union, was closed in the 1930s and only returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1988. Another church worth seeing is the Christ the Savior Church , or popularly known as the "Golden Church", in the center of Oral. This church was built from 1871 to 1907 and has eight rectangular towers, each with a small golden dome . The Church of the Savior Transfiguration is located in the north of the city in a former cemetery. This church building, like most of Oral, was built in the 19th century; the building, financed by donations, was consecrated on July 31, 1888.
There are also several mosques in Oral. The city's old mosque was built in 1897 but, like many sacred buildings in the Soviet Union, closed in the 1930s and only returned to the Muslim community around 30 years later. Today it is one of the city's architectural monuments. The New Mosque was built in November 2005 with the financial support of the two companies Mangghystaumunaigas and KazMunayGas as well as foreign donors . The modern building is equipped with two minarets and can accommodate 1500 people.
Museums
As the cultural center of Western Kazakhstan, Oral has several important museums. The Oral local history museum , which was founded in 1831 and is housed in a building in the oriental style , deserves a special mention here. The total of 102,917 exhibits include handicrafts , military armor from warriors, harness and household items used by the people of the Urals. The museum includes topics such as archeology , history , the history of the Soviet era, art history , literature , science and education in Western Kazakhstan, ethnography of the Kazakh people and history of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Like most of the city's museums, the Museum of Nature and Ecology is located on Prospekt Dostyk-Druzhba. It is part of the Museum of Local History of the West Kazakhstan Region and, with around 10,500 exhibits, is one of the city's larger museums. Here the visitor is shown minerals and bones of old animals, including a molar of a mammoth , and insects in three halls over 150 square meters . In addition, dioramas on the topics of steppe and forest part of the exhibition.
The Pushkin Museum is dedicated to the Russian national poet and founder of modern Russian literature, Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin . It is located in the building where Pushkin lived during a stay in Oral in the fall of 1883. You can see old editions of "The Captain's Daughter" and "History of the Pugachev Riot " as well as manuscripts, photos and other documents by the writer. The house museum of Jemelyan Pugachev is one of the famous Oral museums . The museum building itself is a historical monument as a wooden Cossack hut . Since 1991 exhibits about the Don Cossan Jemeljan Ivanovich Pugachev and the history of the Ural Cossacks have been on view in the house. The Museum of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Manschuk Mametowa , commemorates Manschuk Mametova , who was the first Kazakh woman to be awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union . Since it opened in 1982, the museum has been housed in the house where the Mametowa family lived from 1932 to 1934 and displays various photographs, documents and personal items belonging to the Mametowa family.
Sports
The city is home to the Aqschajyq Oral football club . Also the Aqschajyq bandy clubs.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Oral Aq Schol International Airport is located near the city .
education
In Oral there are several colleges and universities:
- Western Kazakhstan State University
- Agricultural University of West Kazakhstan
- University of Engineering and Technology of Western Kazakhstan
- Kazakh University of Innovation and Telecommunication Systems
sons and daughters of the town
- Nasib Shiganow (1911–1988), Tatar composer
- Valery Leonov (* 1942), Russian librarian
- Lyalya Kuznetsova (* 1946), Soviet-Russian engineer and photographer of Tatar origin
- Zakhar Bron (* 1947), Russian violinist and violin teacher
- Murtas Qaschyghalijew (* 1973), chess player
- Nurbol Schumasqaliev (* 1981), football player
- Jelena Poljonowa (* 1983), Russian handball player
- Alexei Kolessow (* 1984), racing cyclist
- Georgi Scheiko (* 1989), walker
- Nurbergen Schumagasijew (* 1990), short tracker
- Absal Ashghaliyev (* 1992), short tracker
- Stas Pokatilow (* 1992), soccer goalkeeper
- Ekaterina Larionova (* 1994), wrestler
See also
Web links
- Oral city website (Kazakh and Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей и столицы, столицы, столицы, анколицы, столицы, городоав, областей и столицы, анкония, горойцы, коники, городоав,. ( Excel ; 96 KB) stat.gov.kz, accessed on July 19, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ pogoda.ru.net: pogoda.ru.net КЛИМАТ УРАЛЬСКА (Russian)
- ↑ See the English-language article Ural Cossacks .
- ^ A b Simon Sebag Montefiore : The Romanows. Glory and fall of the Tsar dynasty 1613–1918 . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2016 ( online text ).
- ^ A b Hans Eggert Willibald von der Lühe (ed.): Militair-Conversations-Lexikon . Volume 6: N, O, P, Q. Verlags-Bureau, Adorf 1836, p. 648 f., Sv “Pugatschew, Jemeljan” .
- ↑ Simon Sebag Montefiore: Catherine the Great and Prince Potemkin. An Imperial Affair ( online text ).
- ↑ Chronology of Mayors. uralsk.gov.kz, accessed on August 1, 2018 (English).
- ↑ герб Уральск. heraldicum.ru, accessed August 6, 2019 (Russian).
- ↑ Twin cities. uralsk.gov.kz, accessed on August 6, 2019 (English).
- ↑ Религиозное объединение Спасо-Преображенский приход Уральской епархии (Московский Патриархат). ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian)
- ↑ infoportal.kz: Областной историко-краеведческий музей (Russian)
- ↑ infoportal.kz: ГУ "Музей природы и экологии" (Russian)
- ↑ infoportal.kz: "Музей А.С. Пушкина" (Russian)
- ↑ Website of the Museum of the Heroes of the Soviet Union Manschuk Mametowa ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian)
- ^ Aqshayyq (Bandy) website
