St. Blasien
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 47 ° 46 ' N , 8 ° 8' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Freiburg | |
| County : | Waldshut | |
| Height : | 770 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 54.36 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 4009 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 74 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 79837, 79875 | |
| Primaries : | 07672, 07675 , 07755 | |
| License plate : | WT | |
| Community key : | 08 3 37 097 | |
City administration address : |
Am Kurgarten 11 79837 St. Blasien |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Adrian Probst | |
| Location of the town of St. Blasien in the Waldshut district | ||
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St. Blasien is a town in the Waldshut district in Baden-Württemberg . The place developed around the monastery of St. Blasien .
geography
Geographical location
The climatic and Kneipp health resort of St. Blasien is located in the southern Black Forest south of the Schluchsee in the Alb valley . The municipal area extends from 600 m above sea level. NHN up to the 1351 m high Spießhorn belonging to the Feldberg massif .
Land use
About 77 percent of the community area consists of forest, 16% is used for agriculture , the rest is settlement and traffic area.
Neighboring communities
St. Blasien borders in the north on the communities Feldberg and Schluchsee in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald , in the east on houses and Höchenschwand , in the south on Dachsberg and in the west on Ibach and Bernau in the Black Forest .
City structure
The formerly independent communities of Immeneich, Menzenschwand and Schlageten , which were incorporated in the 1970s, belong to the town of St. Blasien . The villages Immeneich and Niedermühle belong to the former municipality of Immeneich. The villages Menzenschwand-Hinterdorf and Menzenschwand-Vorderdorf belong to the former municipality of Menzenschwand. The town of St. Blasien within the boundaries of before the community reform in the 1970s includes the town of St. Blasien, the courtyards Glashof, Windberghof and Wolfsboden and the houses In der Schmelze, Im Hüttlebuck and Glashofsäge. The village of Schlageten, the hamlets of Ballenberg, Eckartschwand, Lehenwies, Luchle, Niedingen, Unterbildstein and Unterkutterau belong to the former municipality of Schlageten.
The former communities Schlageten and Immeneich today form the St. Blasier district of Albtal.
Districts of St. Blasien and their population:
| district | population |
|---|---|
| St. Blasien | 2826 |
| Menzenschwand | 566 |
| Alb valley | 390 |
| City of St. Blasien | 3782 |
(As of May 1, 2017)
history
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Monastery history
In the year 858 a Benedictine monastery was first mentioned in today's St. Blasien ( St. Blasien Monastery ). The history of the city is closely linked to that of the monastery. The monastery flourished with Prince Abbot Martin Gerbert , who headed it from 1764 to 1793. From 1771, Martin Gerbert had the impressive domed church built according to plans by the architects Pierre Michel d'Ixnard and Nicolas de Pigage and site manager Franz Josef Salzmann in the classicism style. In 1806 the monastery was secularized . The last monks relocated in a detour with art treasures, including the Adelheid Cross and the bones of 12 Habsburgs, to St. Paul Abbey in the Lavant Valley in Carinthia . The new Grand Duke of Baden, Frederick I , decided on September 26, 1808 that it should be checked whether it was not advisable to demolish the cathedral, which was expensive to maintain, and to use the proceeds to build a simpler parish church that could be maintained with little expenditure. But in the end it didn't come to that.
In 1809, the Zurich mechanic and inventor Johann Georg Bodmer began to use the former monastery building by setting up one of the first machine factories in Germany (spinning machines). After David von Eichthal had found a powerful financier, the Societé St. Blaise was given the free usage rights for the buildings from the state of Baden for 10 years, in which a mechanical spinning mill was now also operated. The company manufactured handguns ( Badische Gewehrfabrik ), the raw forged individual parts of which could be further processed and mass-produced using special machines for the first time, and manufactured modern minting machines for the Mannheim mint. Tests were carried out with a rear loading system for cannons that was completely new for the time, and Bodmer was already experimenting with an early form of a conveyor belt system. In 1816 the factory employed 809 people and was thus one of the early industrial centers of the young state of Baden. In 1821 the investor Baron David von Eichthal bought the building complex after Bodmer withdrew from the company. He had the French Benoît Fourneyron install the most powerful overpressure turbine (40 hp) in Europe at the time and continued to expand the cotton spinning mill. In 1835 28,000 spindles were operated at the site, which corresponded to around a quarter of the production of the whole of Baden. Nevertheless, the company was economically unsuccessful. As a result of the banking crisis in Frankfurt and Karlsruhe and the revolution of 1848/1849 , the factory came to a standstill. The monastery buildings were auctioned in 1852 to the Schopfheim textile manufacturer Carl Wilhelm Grether and the Augsburg banker Obermaier. Under the management of Grether's son-in-law Ernst Friedrich Krafft , the cotton spinning mill was rebuilt in 1853 and developed into a company that flourished for decades. Even after the great fire in the monastery in 1874, Krafft was able to rebuild the spinning mill and run it successfully. It was not until October 1931 that the spinning mill went bankrupt in the wake of the global economic crisis.
From 1934 to 1939, and from 1946 onwards, the renowned St. Blasien college with boarding school , run by Jesuits , was again housed in the monastery. During the war from 1939 to 1945 the buildings were used as a hospital .
The Kurhaus - upturn into a health resort with a global reputation
In 1882 the businessman Otto Hüglin began building the Kurhaus, a centrally located building with other houses, which Hüglin expanded over the course of the first decade into a prestigious, colossal establishment with all the modern comforts. 300 people could find accommodation in around 200 rooms. Hüglin won over Hermann Determann to take over the medical management, and he converted the house into what was then a highly perfected spa and hydrotherapy facility. As was only made known again in 2014 through extensive research, celebrities from all over the world often came to the Kurhaus St. Blasien from the mid-1880s until after the First World War for treatments lasting several weeks. Among them were the pianist and founder of the Berliner Philharmoniker, Hans von Bülow (1893), to whom Tchaikovsky's famous First Piano Concerto is dedicated, as well as the then world-famous Polish pianist Józef Hofmann , who was in New York in 1867 at the age of ten The 15-year-old Tsar Prince Gawriil Konstantinowitsch Romanow from St. Petersburg (1902), the playwright and most played playwright of his time, Hermann Sudermann (1903), the director of the German Theater in Berlin Otto Brahm (1903), had made his legendary debut industrialist and then one of the richest men in Germany Hugo Stinnes (1903), the explorer Eugen Wolf (1903), the Worpswede painter Fritz Mackensen (1905), the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, William IV. with his wife (1906), the writer Stefan Zweig from Vienna (1909), Paul Warburg from New York, son of the Hamburg banking family and co-founder of the US Federal Reserve Bank (1910), the family (wife and son) of the Russian Leon Sidelksy from Vladivostok, co-builder of the Trans-Siberian Railway (1913), Konrad Adenauer , then mayor-designate of Cologne (1917) and many other well-known names from politics, science, literature and art from home and abroad.
In the course of the expansion of the spa and the parallel rise of the Sanatorium St. Blasien to a medical institution known throughout Europe, celebrities such as the writer Heinrich Mann (1892), the Russian revolutionary Maxim Gorki (1921), the came to St. Blasien on the recommendation of Lenin, who was in Zurich before the First World War . With its unique combination of ultra-modern spa operations, cosmopolitan flair and the remote seclusion and romantic location in the Black Forest, the Grand Duke of Baden, Friedrich I , and his wife Luise, between 1870 and 1906, often came to relax in the Friedrich- Luisen calm on. St. Blasien was granted city rights by the Grand Duke in 1897 and later his approval for the final renovation of the domed church. In September 1918, Prince Max von Baden was in St. Blasien, the last Chancellor of the German Empire, who in this capacity only a few weeks later in Berlin announced the abdication of Wilhelm II .
The earliest famous personalities who visited St. Blasien in the 19th century also included the liberal-minded journalist and literary critic Ludwig Börne (1832) on the eve of the 1848 revolution , the composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy with his wife Cécile on their honeymoon in 1837 and the later US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt , who up to the age of fourteen stayed several times with his parents in St. Blasien, went hiking and cycling and in 1905 spent part of his honeymoon there. The world-famous opera singer Heinrich Schlusnus was one of the last known people to be in St. Blasien with his wife at the end of the war in 1945. After the sale of the Kurhaus and the dissolution of the Hotel und Kurhaus St. Blasien AG by Otto Hüglin and his son Albert Hüglin in 1925, the town's splendor gradually waned. The Kurhaus building fell into disrepair in 1962 and was replaced by the “Haus an der Alb” high-rise building opened in 1965.
Lung sanatorium
In 1882, the pulmonologist Haufe opened the St. Blasien sanatorium with a focus on consumption, today mainly called tuberculosis. Against all opposition, including the local population for fear of consumption and the associated loss of profit due to the absence of summer guests, St. Blasien has been able to maintain its far-reaching reputation as a lung health resort to this day.
Transport routes and community reform
In 1929, the area around St. Blasien was the only part of Baden that had an area of more than 15 kilometers without a rail connection. Since the Dreiseenbahn was not continued to St. Blasien as planned, St. Blasien had a train station until a few years ago, but never a rail connection.
As part of the municipal reform in Baden-Württemberg , the municipality of Menzenschwand was incorporated on July 1, 1974. On October 1, 1974, the municipality of Albtal was incorporated, which had been formed on January 1, 1971 by the union of the municipalities of Immeneich and Schlageten.
Alb valley
Immeneich
Beat
Menzenschwand
politics
Administrative association
The city is the seat of the St. Blasien municipal administration association , to which, in addition to the city, the municipalities of Bernau , Dachsberg , Häuser , Höchenschwand , Ibach and Todtmoos belong.
Municipal council
The parish council in St. Blasien has 12 members. It consists of the elected honorary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following final result.
| Parties and constituencies |
% 2019 |
Seats 2019 |
% 2014 |
Seats 2014 |
||
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 49.1 | 6th | 55.6 | 6th | |
| FW | Free voters Karlsdorf-Neuthard eV | 38.4 | 5 | 31.3 | 4th | |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 12.5 | 1 | 13.1 | 2 | |
| total | 100.0 | 12 | 100.0 | 12 | ||
| voter turnout | 55.7% | 50.8% | ||||
coat of arms
The blazon of the coat of arms reads: In blue a golden stag leaping to the left.
Town twinning
St. Blasien cultivates partnership relationships
- Saint-Blaise in the French-speaking canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland since 1961.
- Relations with Klingnau, also in Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau go back to 1250, when the St. Blasien monastery set up a provost's office for its possessions there .
- The partnership with Sankt Paul im Lavanttal in Austria , which has existed since 1964, also has historical roots ; the monastery there was the refuge of the last monks from St. Blasien.
Culture and sights
Buildings
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After a catastrophic fire in 1768, the architect Pierre Michel d'Ixnard (1768–1781) built a new abbey church in plait style . The dome is 36 meters in diameter and 62 meters high, the third largest of its kind in Europe.
In 1892 the Sanatorium St. Blasien was built, which in the following decades would develop into one of the most famous lung sanatoriums in Germany. Among the prominent patients was Maxim Gorki, who was treated here from December 1921 to April 1922. The St. Blasien lung specialist clinic is still known beyond the borders of the district. The range of treatments includes all forms of lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis , bronchial asthma, lung tumors , sleep medicine and ventilation medicine. Similarly, tuberculosis patients treated here. In addition to the historic large dining room and the historic hospital room, the individual fireplace rooms and the changing garden are worth seeing.
Feldberg Clinic Dr. Asdonk
The building of the "Fürstabt-Gerbert-Haus", a former pulmonary clinic, erected in 1930, has been the Feldbergklinik Dr. Asdonk is home to. It was founded in 1973 by Johannes Asdonk and is the first specialist clinic in the world to specialize in the treatment of lymphatic drainage disorders and edema diseases. The building of the Feldberg Clinic, in which patients with all types of edema are treated to this day, with its large connected balcony areas is characteristic of the design of the clinic facilities for the implementation of air conditioning and heliotherapy that were built in the 1920s and 1930s.
Albtalstrasse / L154
The national road 154 was built in the 1850s and connects St. Blaise by Albtal with Albbruck . The route attracts, among other things, many motorcyclists. However, the section between Görwihl -Tiefenstein and Albbruck-Hohenfels has been closed since 2015 due to the risk of rockslides (status: Dec. 2018). Securing is planned, but difficult in terms of nature conservation law and costly because of the compensatory measures.
District Museum
The former royal stables building is now the guest house and houses the St. Blasien district museum .
Regular events
The international summer concerts in the cathedral, from the end of June to the beginning of September, with famous and well-known choirs, music ensembles and organists , the monastery concerts in the festival hall of the college and the international wood carving competition. The St. Blasien Cathedral Festival takes place every several years .
Court and bodies
The district court of St. Blasien belongs to the regional court district of Waldshut-Tiengen and the higher regional court district of Karlsruhe and is the smallest and highest district court in Germany after the one in Titisee-Neustadt .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Hugo Schmidfeld (1713–1785), Benedictine, provost and historian
- Peter Mayer (1718–1800), engraver
- Fritz Rörig (1882–1952), historian
- Berthold Waßmer (1886–1969), church musician and composer from Baden
- Alfred Buntru (1887–1974), hydraulic engineer and rector of RWTH Aachen University
- Josef Glaser (1887–1969), national soccer player
- Alfons Maria Schneider (1896–1952), archaeologist and Byzantinist
- Richard Gäng (1899–1983), local poet
- Busso Thoma (1899–1945), merchant and officer, was executed as an accessory to the plans for the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt.
- Gerbert Mutter (1922–1989), composer, from 1966 to 1980 lecturer at the Lörrach University of Education
- Christian Sigrist (1935–2015), professor of sociology
- Reinhard Klessinger (* 1947), artist
People connected to the city
- Reginbert von Seldenbüren († around 962), legendary founder of the St. Blasien monastery.
- Martin Gerbert (1720–1793), Benedictine monk and prince abbot, developed the St. Blasien monastery into a center of methodical historical research and directed the reconstruction after the fire of 1768
- Ernst Friedrich Krafft (1823–1898), entrepreneur and politician
- Alfred von Tirpitz (1849–1930) Grand Admiral, lived temporarily in St. Blasien from 1905, honorary citizen in 1916
- Otto Hüglin (1857–1943), builder of the St. Blasien Kurhaus
- Ernst Urbach (1872–1927), composer, arranger and flautist, died in St. Blasien
- Theodor Däubler (1876–1934), writer, died in St. Blasien
- Adolf Bacmeister (1882–1945), chief physician at the St. Blasien lung clinic and fleet physician for the reserve
- Heinz Loßnitzer (1904–1964), meteorologist, headed the St. Blasien weather and sun station from 1927 to 1933
- Johannes Asdonk (1910–2003), general practitioner and founder of the Feldberg Clinic, which he headed from 1973 to 1984. A pioneer of modern lymphology , received the Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class in 1986 for his services and was made Honorary President of the German Society for Lymphology in 1987.
- Bernhard Steinert (1912–1994), local historian, writer and honorary citizen
- Dieter Knoch (* 1936), Abitur at the St. Blasien College, biologist, conservationist, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Bernd Guggenberger (* 1949), Abitur at the St. Blasien College, political scientist, sociologist, essayist and visual artist
literature
- Johann Marmor : St. Blasien on the Black Forest and its surroundings in a topographical, historical and natural-historical relationship: with maps and views . Constance (1872) http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11005645-7
- Bernhard Steinert : Sankt Blasier picture book. Walks and stories. J. Weißenberger, St. Blasien, 1973.
- Bernhard Steinert: The forester - walks with forester Herr through the forests of the Sankt Blasier country. J. Weißenberger, St. Blasien 1977.
- Bernhard Steinert: St. Blasier Land. Reports and poems about a landscape and its history. III Complete Edition. Johannes Maier, St. Blasien 1987.
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg region Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 1008-1012
- ^ City of St. Blasien ( Memento from September 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Numbers data facts on the St. Blasien website , accessed on March 17, 2019
- ^ A b Bernhard Steinert : St. Blasier Land. Reports and poems about a landscape and its history. St. Blasien 1987.
- ↑ a b c d Barbara Baur: Last year in St. Blasien. The history of a health resort and its prominent guests, Münster 2014.
- ↑ St. Blasien, Grand Ducal Memories, Südkurier, from March 10, 2004, [1]
- Jump up ↑ Thomas Mutter: Once a bearer of hope, in: Badische Zeitung, December 5, 2015 ( online with registration )
- ^ Johann Hansing: The railways in Baden. A contribution to traffic and economic history, Fleischhauer & Spohn, Stuttgart 1929, p. 61
- ↑ vergessene-bahnen.de: St. Blasien train station , accessed on November 5, 2009
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 and 523 .
- ↑ Badische Zeitung, May 26, 2019
- ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 555: St. Blasien / Black Forest. Regensburg 2001, page 7. ISBN 3-7954-4017-3 .
- ↑ Klaus Hockenjos: "Maxim Gorki in the Black Forest" magazine of the Breisgau history association "Schau-ins-Land" Freiburg 2013, pp. 107–114. ISSN 1434-2766 .
- ↑ Markus Vonberg: Görwihl, Albbruck: Albtalstrasse will be reopened - the land bears the cost of securing the rock. January 25, 2018, accessed December 31, 2018 .
- ↑ International Cathedral Concerts St. Blasien
- ↑ http://www.domfestspiele-stblasien.de/
Web links
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