Methoprene: Difference between revisions

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'''Methoprene''' is a [[juvenile hormone]] (JH) [[analog (chemistry)|analog]] which can be used as an [[insecticide]] that acts as a growth regulator. Methoprene is an amber-colored liquid with a faint fruity odor which is essentially nontoxic to humans when ingested or inhaled. It is used in drinking water cisterns to control mosquitoes which spread dengue fever and malaria.<ref>{{cite web | work = Water Sanitation and Health | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | title = Methoprene | url= http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/methoprenesum_2ndadd.pdf | accessdate = 2008}}</ref>
'''Methoprene''' is a [[juvenile hormone]] (JH) [[analog (chemistry)|analog]] which acts as a growth regulator when used as an [[insecticide]]. It is an amber-colored liquid with a faint fruity odor which is essentially nontoxic to humans when ingested or inhaled. It is used in drinking water cisterns to control mosquitoes which spread dengue fever and malaria.<ref>{{cite web | work = Water Sanitation and Health | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | title = Methoprene | url= http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/methoprenesum_2ndadd.pdf | accessdate = 2008}}</ref>


Methoprene does not kill adult insects. Instead, it acts as a [[Insect growth regulator|growth regulator]], mimicking natural [[juvenile hormone]] of insects. Juvenile hormone must be absent for a [[pupa]] to molt to an adult, so methoprene treated larvae will be unable to successfully change from a pupa to the adult insect. This breaks the [[biological life cycle]] of the insect preventing recurring infestation. "Methoprene is used in the production of a number of foods including meat, milk, mushrooms, peanuts, rice and cereals. It also has several uses on domestic animals (pets) for controlling fleas. Methoprene is considered a biochemical pesticide because rather than controlling target pests through direct toxicity, methoprene interferes with an insect’s life cycle and prevents it from reaching maturity or reproducing."<ref>{{cite web | title = Insect Growth Regulators: S-Hydroprene (128966), S-Kinoprene (107502), Methoprene (105401), S-Methoprene (105402) Fact Sheet | publisher = [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] | url = http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_igr.htm | accessdate = 2007-09-09}}</ref> Methoprene is used most widely as the [[mosquito]] [[larvicide]] Altosid, which is an important measure in prevention of [[West Nile virus]].
Methoprene does not kill adult insects. Instead, it acts as a [[Insect growth regulator|growth regulator]], mimicking natural [[juvenile hormone]] of insects. Juvenile hormone must be absent for a [[pupa]] to molt to an adult, so methoprene-treated larvae will be unable to successfully change from pupae to adults. This breaks the [[biological life cycle]] of the insect, preventing recurring infestation. Methoprene is used in the production of a number of foods, including meat, milk, mushrooms, peanuts, rice, and cereals. It also has several uses on domestic animals (pets) for controlling fleas. Methoprene is considered a biochemical pesticide because rather than controlling target pests through direct toxicity, methoprene interferes with an insect’s lifecycle and prevents it from reaching maturity or reproducing.<ref>{{cite web | title = Insect Growth Regulators: S-Hydroprene (128966), S-Kinoprene (107502), Methoprene (105401), S-Methoprene (105402) Fact Sheet | publisher = [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] | url = http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_igr.htm | accessdate = 2007-09-09}}</ref> Methoprene is used most widely as the [[mosquito]] [[larvicide]] Altosid, which is an important measure in reduction of the spread of [[West Nile virus]].


Methoprene is also used as a food additive in cattle feed. This is done to prevent fly breeding in the dung piles.
Methoprene is also used as a food additive in cattle feed to prevent fly breeding in the manure.


It has been suggested that methoprene is responsible for killing and stunting the growth of [[lobster]]s in [[Narragansett Bay]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Are our lobsters casualties in war on mosquitoes? | url = http://www.projo.com/news/content/pesticide_vs_lobsters_06-17-08_1FADP78_v34.3e92bf0.html | accessdate = 2008-07-18}}</ref> However, considering the durability of the chemical in the environment (approximately two days), the lasting effect of the biological activity of the substance in the environment (about one week), it should be further investigated. <ref>{{cite web | title = Studies On The Dissipation of Diflubenzuron and Methoprene From Shallow Prairie Pools | url = http://pubs.esc-sec.ca/doi/abs/10.4039/Ent112173-2 | accessdate = 2011-10-25}}</ref> These timelines, coupled with the fact that there is runoff of fresh surface waters into the ocean from inland areas, suggest that it is very possible or likely that methoprene enters the ocean ecosystem in an active form. Studies would have to be conducted to test the hypothesis that methoprene interferes with the life cycle of lobsters before a conclusive position can be reached on the effects of methoprene on the lobster fishery.
Methoprene mat be responsible for killing and stunting the growth of [[lobster]]s in [[Narragansett Bay]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Are our lobsters casualties in war on mosquitoes? | url = http://www.projo.com/news/content/pesticide_vs_lobsters_06-17-08_1FADP78_v34.3e92bf0.html | accessdate = 2008-07-18}}</ref> However, considering the durability of the chemical in the environment (about two days), the lasting effect of the biological activity of the substance in the environment (about one week), it should be further investigated. <ref>{{cite web | title = Studies On The Dissipation of Diflubenzuron and Methoprene From Shallow Prairie Pools | url = http://pubs.esc-sec.ca/doi/abs/10.4039/Ent112173-2 | accessdate = 2011-10-25}}</ref> These timelines, coupled with runoff of fresh surface waters into the ocean from inland areas, suggest it is very possible or likely that methoprene enters the ocean ecosystem in an active form. Studies would have to be conducted to test the hypothesis that methoprene interferes with the lifecycle of lobsters before a conclusion can be reached.


==References==
==References==
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* [http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_105401.pdf Methoprene Pesticide Fact Sheet - Environmental Protection Agency]
* [http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_105401.pdf Methoprene Pesticide Fact Sheet - Environmental Protection Agency]
* [http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/methopre.htm Methoprene Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network]
* [http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/methopre.htm Methoprene Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network]
* [http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/Reports/459.htm Pesticide Properties Database (PPDB) record for Methoprene]
* [http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/Reports/459.htm Pesticide Properties Database record for methoprene]




Revision as of 02:28, 10 June 2014

Methoprene[1]
Skeletal formula
Ball-and-stick model
Names
IUPAC name
1-methylethyl (E,E)-11- methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl- 2,4-dodecadienoate
Other names
Methoprene, Altosid, Apex, Diacan, Dianex, Kabat, Minex, Pharorid, Precor, ZR-515
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.049.977 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
MeSH C093000
  • InChI=1S/C19H34O3/c1-15(2)22-18(20)14-17(4)11-8-10-16(3)12-9-13-19(5,6)21-7/h8,11,14-16H,9-10,12-13H2,1-7H3/b11-8+,17-14+
    Key: NFGXHKASABOEEW-LDRANXPESA-N
  • InChI=1/C19H34O3/c1-15(2)22-18(20)14-17(4)11-8-10-16(3)12-9-13-19(5,6)21-7/h8,11,14-16H,9-10,12-13H2,1-7H3/b11-8+,17-14+
    Key: NFGXHKASABOEEW-LDRANXPEBN
  • CC(C)(OC)CCCC(C)C/C=C/C (C)=C/C(OC(C)C)=O
Properties
C19H34O3
Molar mass 310.48 g/mol
Appearance Liquid
Boiling point 100 °C at 0.05 mmHg
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Methoprene is a juvenile hormone (JH) analog which acts as a growth regulator when used as an insecticide. It is an amber-colored liquid with a faint fruity odor which is essentially nontoxic to humans when ingested or inhaled. It is used in drinking water cisterns to control mosquitoes which spread dengue fever and malaria.[2]

Methoprene does not kill adult insects. Instead, it acts as a growth regulator, mimicking natural juvenile hormone of insects. Juvenile hormone must be absent for a pupa to molt to an adult, so methoprene-treated larvae will be unable to successfully change from pupae to adults. This breaks the biological life cycle of the insect, preventing recurring infestation. Methoprene is used in the production of a number of foods, including meat, milk, mushrooms, peanuts, rice, and cereals. It also has several uses on domestic animals (pets) for controlling fleas. Methoprene is considered a biochemical pesticide because rather than controlling target pests through direct toxicity, methoprene interferes with an insect’s lifecycle and prevents it from reaching maturity or reproducing.[3] Methoprene is used most widely as the mosquito larvicide Altosid, which is an important measure in reduction of the spread of West Nile virus.

Methoprene is also used as a food additive in cattle feed to prevent fly breeding in the manure.

Methoprene mat be responsible for killing and stunting the growth of lobsters in Narragansett Bay.[4] However, considering the durability of the chemical in the environment (about two days), the lasting effect of the biological activity of the substance in the environment (about one week), it should be further investigated. [5] These timelines, coupled with runoff of fresh surface waters into the ocean from inland areas, suggest it is very possible or likely that methoprene enters the ocean ecosystem in an active form. Studies would have to be conducted to test the hypothesis that methoprene interferes with the lifecycle of lobsters before a conclusion can be reached.

References

  1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 5906.
  2. ^ "Methoprene" (PDF). Water Sanitation and Health. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ "Insect Growth Regulators: S-Hydroprene (128966), S-Kinoprene (107502), Methoprene (105401), S-Methoprene (105402) Fact Sheet". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
  4. ^ "Are our lobsters casualties in war on mosquitoes?". Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  5. ^ "Studies On The Dissipation of Diflubenzuron and Methoprene From Shallow Prairie Pools". Retrieved 2011-10-25.

External links


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