Shovkva

Shovkva

Жовква

Shovkva

Basic data

Oblast :

Lviv Oblast

Rajon :

Zhovkva district

Height :

no information

Area :

7.64 km²

Residents :

13,316 (2004)

Population density :

1,743 inhabitants per km²

Postcodes :

80304

Area code :

+380 3252

Geographic location :

50 ° 4 ′ N , 23 ° 58 ′ E Coordinates: 50 ° 4 ′ 0 ″ N , 23 ° 58 ′ 0 ″ E

KOATUU :

4622710100

Administrative structure :

1 city

Mayor :

Yevhen Janushevich

Address:

пл. Вічева 1
80300 м. Жовква

Statistical information

Shovkva

The main market of Zhovkva

Inner courtyard of the castle

Church of St. Lawrence

The synagogue from the Renaissance

Schowkwa ( Ukrainian Жовква , from 1951 to 1992 Нестеров Nesterow ; Russian Жолква Scholkwa , Polish Żółkiew ) is a Ukrainian city with 13,000 inhabitants. It is located in Lviv Oblast , north of the Oblast capital Lviv .

history

The Polish name of the city Żółkiew refers to the Polish nobleman Stanisław Żółkiewski . In 1594 he built a fortification and a castle in a settlement that had existed since the 14th century . The place was enlarged and redesigned in just a few years.

In the 17th century the city was a residence of the Polish King John III. Sobieski .

The city has been known as the city of handicrafts and arts and crafts for centuries. Potters, glassblowers, goldsmiths and hand weavers lived here. As a result, there was a certain prosperity, which can still be seen in the many beautiful buildings.

In 1772 it came under Austrian rule . From 1850 to 1918 it was also the seat of the district administration Żółkiew , from 1854 to 1867 also the seat of a district administration in Galicia .

As early as 1887, the village got a railway connection through the construction of a train station on today's Lviv – Hrebenne line .

From 1918 to 1939 the city was part of the Second Polish Republic and from 1921 was part of the Lviv Voivodeship . It was the seat of the powiat Żółkiew .

From 1939 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the city belonged to the Soviet Union and was part of the Ukrainian SSR , with an interruption between 1941 and 1944 when Shovkva was part of the General Government of the Greater German Reich .

In 1951, in the Soviet era, the city was named after Pyotr Nikolajewitsch Nesterow , an art and fighter pilot from the First World War who was killed near the city in what was probably the first pile-driving maneuver in aerial warfare history.

It was not until 1992 that the old Ukrainian name Schowkwa returned.

Jewish community up to the Holocaust

A Jewish community had existed in the city since 1593. In 1931 there were about 4,400 inhabitants of the Jewish faith. On September 18, 1939, the city was initially occupied by the Wehrmacht , but it was replaced by the Soviets on September 23. Until June 1941 the city belonged to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. After the start of the German war against the Soviet Union , Shovkva was reoccupied by the Germans on June 28, 1941. The synagogue was set on fire the following day. The first deportation of 700 old and sick Jews to the Belzec extermination camp took place in March 1942. Only those able to work were spared for the time being. A second deportation of 2,000 people to Belzec took place on November 22, 1942. On December 1, 1942, the remaining Jews in the city and from surrounding villages were interned in a ghetto . From March 25, 1943, the ghetto was dissolved. The city should finally be declared "Jew clean". For this purpose, the ghetto inmates were brought to the Burk Forest near the city and shot there. Only 170 Jews were deported to the Lemberg-Janowska forced labor camp near Lemberg (Lwiw), around 60 others were imprisoned in a labor camp in the city until July 1943, until they too were murdered in the Burk Forest. When the city was liberated by the Red Army on July 24, 1944 , only 70 Jewish residents had survived.

Personalities

Important personalities are associated with the city, so Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj is said to have been born and raised here. What is certain is that Tsar Peter I stayed in the city for months, as the high command of the Russian army was temporarily located here in 1706/07 . In 1734 the Polish Crown Prince Jakob Louis Heinrich Sobieski died here . The Ukrainian theologian and historian Mychajlo Harasewytsch (1763–1836), the important Yiddish-speaking writer Salcia Landmann (1911–2002), the communist politician Karl Volk (1896–1961), the engineer Lubomyr Romankiw (* 1931), were born in Schowkwa is also an honorary citizen, as is the judge and international lawyer Hersch Lauterpacht (1897–1960).

Attractions

The large market square is framed by the Renaissance castle and the Laurentia cathedral .

The impressive church was built in 1606. The Tuscan relief columns direct your gaze up to the decorative frieze . The west portal with the portraits of the four evangelists and four saints is also remarkable . The interior of the cross-dome building is dominated by the dome decorated with cassettes and rosettes , below the dome the evangelists can be seen again on four large medallion reliefs.

The town hall, which is located nearby, was built in 1926 on the foundations of older buildings and is located directly on the fortification wall of the castle. The square tower with two balconies rises above an entrance area with columns reminiscent of barrels.

The synagogue in the late Renaissance style, built between 1692–1700, was badly damaged by the German occupiers in 1941 and is in a precarious condition despite attempts at restoration in the post-war period.

near the village there is an old wooden church, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2013 part of wooden churches of the Carpathian region is

The city has a large number of historical buildings. On the market square there are two-story houses from the 17th century with wide arcades, as they were common for trading cities in Galicia .

literature

Philippe Sands, Return to Lviv: On the origins of genocide and crimes against humanity. Translation from English v. Reinhild Böhnke. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2018, ISBN 978-3-10-397302-0 (in connection with Hersch Lauterbach and his family there are various references and representations about Schowkwa)

Web links

Commons : Schowkwa - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ Reichsgesetzblatt of October 8, 1850, No. 383, page 1741

[1] Reichsgesetzblatt of October 8, 1850, No. 383, page 1741