Alpine club

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Alpine clubs , historically also mountain clubs in the Alpine countries, are alpine associations of the most varied kinds, whose goals today are primarily the promotion of mountain sports and environmental protection . The alpine clubs with focus of interest in the Alpine region usually call Alpine Club , in the Latin countries and German speaking Switzerland contrast Alpine Club .

goals and tasks

Originally were in the foreground

Collective mountaineering as a leisure activity only became the main focus of alpine clubs in the early 20th century. The migration movement was widespread at that time.

In addition, there is a partly pronounced expedition activity, which has led today's alpine clubs to partly worldwide activity. In the context of trekking ( long-distance hiking in undeveloped terrain), the main difference to the hiking club is the use of alpine techniques. In the course of the development of popular sport, more and more sections have been created that are dedicated to mountain hiking .

In addition, the field of activity extended to other mountain-specific recreational facilities ( mountaineering ) , the mountaineering clubs perform as a club activity today: in addition to hiking, mountaineering, rock climbing and skiing , snowboarding , whitewater kayaking , canyoning , mountain biking , in the wider community also paragliding , hang gliding and any other popular sports . In addition, the promotion of young people and training in alpinism-specific areas such as climbing technique , avalanche science and others, as well as the training of mountain guides, play an important role.

Another focus is the cooperation with the mountain rescue institutions . The alpine clubs provide rescue teams, keep rescue equipment ready and are responsible for maintaining the infrastructure necessary for rescue as well as keeping emergency supplies on site.

The nature reserve in the mountains has become an important task for the Alpine clubs. Mountain sports should be sustainable . One example of this is the environmental seal of approval for Alpine Club huts , which is awarded when huts are operated in an environmentally friendly manner. The protection of the mountain world from excessive development, development and urban sprawl is also today - fully aware that it was originally initiated - as a political and social guiding principle.

In addition, there are more far-reaching goals such as the preservation of regional characteristics of the customs in many association statutes as an association purpose.

organization

Many local alpine clubs were founded in the middle of the 19th century (see also the hiking movement , history of travel ). In 1932, with the establishment of the umbrella organization Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA), an association began to better enforce interests and norms. Only some associations are not members of the UIAA and have a so-called reciprocal rights agreement with UIAA members (mutual recognition regarding discounts and benefits for their members), other associations are not related to this organization, but their main activity is one of those specified by the UIAA Areas of activity (here development, maintenance, mountain rescue and protection). The alpine clubs of Austria have come together in the Association of Alpine Clubs of Austria (VAVÖ). The large alpine clubs from Germany, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia and South Tyrol have also joined forces in the Club Arc Alpin (CAA), which is also the representative of the alpine clubs in the International Commission for the Protection of the Alps (CIPRA).

Internally, many alpine clubs are divided into sections with a regional or interest-based focus, some of which were or are originally independent clubs. Membership in the Alpine Club is only possible through membership in a section.

Not all alpine clubs have this section structure. An example of a central association with no subordinate sections is the British Alpine Club .

Alpine clubs in Austria

When the Alps were opened up in the second half of the 19th century, mountaineering developed into a popular sport; Alpine clubs were formed: November 19, 1862 Austrian Alpine Club (ÖAV); May 18, 1869 Austrian Tourist Club (ÖTK); December 6, 1878 Austrian Alpine Club ; March 25, 1890 Austrian Mountain Association (ÖGV, originally "Lower Austria Mountain Association"); March 28, 1895 Tourist Association “Die Naturfreunde ” (TVN); which shelters built, laid out secured paths, opened up and marked paths and issued printed guides and tourist maps. In 1926 the ÖTK founded the first mountaineering school for the training of mountaineers in rock and ice. Today it is one of the oldest institutions of its kind.

Austria has a long tradition of successful alpinists, some of whom have achieved world fame. In 1953 the Austrian Himalayan Society was founded on the initiative of the Austrian Tourist Club (first chairman Rudolf Jonas; 1956 first ascent of Gasherbrum II, 8053 m, as part of the Austrian Himalaya-Karakorum expedition).

German and Austrian alpine clubs were among the pioneers of anti-Semitic marginalization. Between 1899 and 1921, numerous sections in Germany and Austria introduced so-called " Aryan paragraphs " into their statutes. The driving forces behind anti-Semitism came primarily from Austria: For example, the Austria Section, under its chairman Eduard Pichl, found support from many Austrian and German sections in enforcing the “Aryan Paragraph” throughout the German and Austrian Alpine Association .

Alpine Club

In the German-speaking region of the Eastern Alps, the name Alpine Club is used for the Austrian Alpine Club (OeAV, today ÖAV) founded in 1862 and the German Alpine Club (DAV) founded in 1869 , from which the German and Austrian Alpine Association (DuOeAV / DÖAV) emerged in 1873 through the merger . Its successor was then only the German Alpine Association from 1938 to 1945 . The sections of the German and Austrian Alpine Club in South Tyrol and Trentino were expropriated after the First World War in 1921 under Articles 249 and 267 of the Treaty of Saint-Germain and the club was banned in Italy in 1923 .

After the Second World War, the Austrian Alpine Club was re-established in 1945. He administered the property of the sections of the German sister association, which was banned from 1945 to 1952. In 1946 the Alpine Association South Tyrol (AVS) was founded as an independent association. The Liechtenstein Alpine Association (LAV) was also created in 1946 from a section of the DuOeAV. Finally the DAV was re-established in 1952.

The associations ÖAV, DAV and the AVS are today friends and work closely together. The common symbol of these associations is still the edelweiss today . The LAV leads the blue gentian .

List of alpine clubs

society Abbreviation country founding
Academic Alpine Club Innsbruck AAKI Austria 1893
Academic Alpine Club Munich AAVM Germany 1892
Academic Alpine Association Innsbruck AAVI Austria 1900
Alpine Association South Tyrol AVS Italy 1946 (1869 DAV section)
Alpine Club AC Great Britain 1857/58
Alpine Club of Canada ACC Canada 1906
Alpine Society Gamsecker AGG Austria 1890
Alpine Society Haller AGH Austria 1905
Alpine Society Krummholz AGK Austria 1879
Alpine Society Peilsteiner AGP Austria 1894
Alpine Society Preintaler AGP Austria 1885
Alpine Society of the Reißtaler EGR Austria 1881
Alpine Society Sparbacher AGS Austria 1884
Alpine Association Bern AVB Switzerland 1909
American Alpine Club AAC United States 1902
Appalachian Mountain Club AMC United States 1876
Associazione Sentieri Alpini Calanca ASAC Switzerland 1978
Balkan Mountaineering Union BMU Balkan Peninsula -
British Association of International Mountain Leaders BAIML Great Britain 1993
British Association of Mountain Guides BMG Great Britain 1975
British Mountaineering Council BMC Great Britain 1944
Club Alpin Belge CAB Belgium 1883
Club Alpin Français CAF, FFCAM France 1874
Club Alpin Monégasque CAM Monaco 1911
Club Alpinistico Pontese CAP Italy 1947
Club Alpinistico Triestino CAT Italy 1945
Club Alpino Fiumano CAF Italy 1885
Club Alpino Italiano CAI Italy 1863
Club Alpino San Marino CASM San Marino 1993
Club Alpino Siciliano CAS Italy 1892
Clubul Alpin Român CAR Romania 1934
Český horolezecký svaz ČHS Czech Republic 1897
The Norske Turistforening DNT Norway 1886
German Alpine Club DAV Germany 1869
European Union of Mountaineering Associations EUMA Belgium 2017
Giovane Montagna GM Italy 1914
Greek Mountaineering and Climbing Association EOOA Greece 1927
Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada FEDME Spain 1922
Fédération des Club Alpin Académiques de Suisse
Association of academic alpine clubs in Switzerland
FCAAS Switzerland 1983
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade FFME France 1942
Fédération Québécoise de la Montagne et de l'Escalade FQME Canada 1969
Federazione Alpinistica Ticinese FAT Switzerland 1965
Groupe Alpin Luxembourgeois GAL Luxembourg 1955
Groupe de Haute Montagne GHM France 1919
Hrvatski planinarski savez HPS Croatia 1874
Interest group climbing IG climbing Germany 1989
Ladies' Alpine Club LAC Great Britain 1907 to 1975 merger with AC
Liechtenstein Alpine Club LAV Liechtenstein 1946 (1909 DuÖAV section)
Mountain Club of Malawi MCM Malawi 1952
Friends of nature Austria NFÖ, TVN Austria 1895
Nederlandse Klim- en Bergsport Vereniging NKBV Netherlands 1902/1998
Nepal Mountaineering Association NMA Nepal 1973
New Zealand Alpine Club NZAC New Zealand 1891
Norges Klatreforbund NKF Norway 1992
Norsk Tindeklub NTK Norway 1908
Planinarski savez Bosne i Hercegovine PSBiH Bosnia and Herzegovina 1892
Planinarski savez Srbije PSS Serbia 1902
Austrian mountaineering association ÖBV Austria 1907
Austrian Alpine Club ÖAK Austria 1878
Austrian Alpine Club PES Austria 1862
Austrian Tourist Club ÖTK Austria 1869
Austrian Tourist Association ÖTV Austria 1908
Planinska Zveza Slovenije PZS Slovenia 1893
Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze PTTK Poland 1873, 1950
Polski Związek Alpinizmu PZA Poland 1974
Swiss Alpine Club SAC CAS Switzerland 1863
Swiss Women's Alpine Club SFAC Switzerland 1918 to 1979 merger with SAC
Slovensko Planinsko Društvo Celovec
Slovenian Alpine Club Klagenfurt
SPD Celovec Austria 1953 , 1900 as a section of the PZS
Slovenský horolezecký spolok JAMES JAMES Slovakia 1990 (1921)
Società Alpina delle Giulie SAY Italy 1883
Società Alpinistica Ticinese SAT Switzerland 1937
Società degli Alpinisti Tridentini SAT Italy 1872
Società Alpinistica Valmaggese SAV Switzerland 1968
Società Escursionisti Bresciani “Ugolino Ugolini” SEB Italy 1927
Società Escursionisti Lecchesi SEL Italy 1899
Società Escursionisti Milanesi SEM Italy 1891
Società Escursionistica Verzaschese SEV Switzerland 1983
Société des Touristes du Dauphiné HOURS France 1875
Svenska Fjällklubben SFK Sweden 1927
Svenska Klätterförbundet SKF Sweden 1973
Svenska Turistföreningen STF Sweden 1885
Türkiye Dağcılık Federasyonu TDF Turkey 1966
Unione Ticinese Operai Escursionisti UTOE Switzerland 1919

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. vavoe.at
  2. club-arc-alpin.eu
  3. Key data of the entire club. Alpine Association South Tyrol, accessed on June 28, 2020 (as of December 2019).
  4. The DAV in numbers. German Alpine Club, accessed on June 28, 2020 (as of March 2020).
  5. ^ The DAV and anti-Semitism , German Alpine Association
  6. ^ Walter Klappacher: Aryan Paragraph and Anti-Semitism in the Salzburg Cave Association - In memory of Dr. Ernst Hauser , In: Die Höhle, 56th year, issue 1–4 / 2005, p. 101.
  7. Martin Achrainer: "So, now we are all to ourselves!" Anti-Semitism in the Alpine Association (PDF). In: Hanno Loewy , Gerhard Milchra: Have you seen my Alps? A Jewish Relationship Story , Hohenems / Vienna 2009.
  8. ^ Alpenklub.at: Academic Alpine Club Innsbruck
  9. aavi.info: Academic Alpine Association Innsbruck
  10. ^ Preintaler.at: Alpine Society Preintaler
  11. Reisstaler.at: Alpine Society tear Taler
  12. Kreiter.info: Sparbacher Hut
  13. AVBern.ch: Alpine Association Bern
  14. AACBasel.ch: Academic Alpine Club Basel
  15. AACB.ch: Academic Alpine Club Bern
  16. AACZ.ch: Academic Alpine Club Zurich
  17. ^ Club Alpin Académique Genève. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 16, 2012 ; Retrieved April 11, 2010 (French).
  18. Cabane des Aiguilles-Rouges - Historique de la cabane. Association de la Cabane des Aiguilles-Rouges, accessed June 26, 2014 (French).