Aura on the Saale
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 10 ′ N , 10 ° 0 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Lower Franconia | |
| County : | Bad Kissingen | |
| Management Community : | Your village | |
| Height : | 232 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 10.1 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 863 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 85 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 97717 | |
| Area code : | 09704 | |
| License plate : | KG, BRK, HAB | |
| Community key : | 09 6 72 111 | |
| Community structure: | 1 district | |
| Association administration address: | Zeilweg 2 97717 Euerdorf |
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| Website : | ||
| First Mayor : | Thomas Hack ( CSU / FW ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Aura adSaale in the Bad Kissingen district | ||
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Aura an der Saale (also Groß-Aura, officially: Aura adSaale ) is a municipality and a place in the Lower Franconian district of Bad Kissingen and a member of the Euerdorf administrative community .
Geographical location
The place is located on the left bank of the Franconian Saale about seven kilometers southwest of the district town of Bad Kissingen and is the smallest municipality in the district.
Surname
etymology
The place name is composed of the Old High German qualifier for which aurochs means and the Old High German root word aha for watercourse . The explanation is a watercourse where aurochs lived.
Earlier spellings
Previous spellings include:
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history
Beginnings of aura on the Saale at the beginning of modern times
From Bamberg Bishop Otto one was from 1108 to 1113 in Aura Benedictine (Uraugia) built. From 1394 the Aura monastery was under the control of the bishops of Würzburg . In 1564 it was abolished in favor of the high judicial chamber of the Würzburg bishopric .
Little is known about the early days of the place or the community. On the one hand, little research has been done on it, and on the other hand, information is only available from around the 17th century; the oldest surviving document is a church account from 1627. Much information, for example about the effects of the Seven Years' War on Aura, has been lost due to the destruction during the Second World War .
Despite a financial gain for the Würzburg monastery through the dissolution of the Aura monastery, the monastery had to struggle with high debts due to mismanagement and wars. The district of the monastery became the monastery office Aura, the monastery building later the seat of the office Aura-Trimberg. This included the former own villages of the monastery, Aura, Garitz and Wittershausen , as well as 52 other localities and reached in the north to Brendlorenzen near Bad Neustadt an der Saale , in the south to Reuchelheim near Arnstein .
The Aura Weistum, which was preserved in the Salbuch of 1580 and 1632 and in the Rothen Buch of the municipality of Aura from 1650, regulated the applicable customary law. It said the formerly exerted by Aura Abbey vogteiliche authorities now the Würzburg prince bishop and the high jurisdiction the centering Aura Trimberg to and regulated the performance of compulsory labor, the fully licensed, the great tithe on wine and grain, and the small tithes on fruit and vegetables, the choice of mayor, the cattle drive, the sheep herding and the preservation of the roads. The area of the Zents Aura-Trimberg was cultivated by the farmers as a fief .
After the unrest of the peasant uprising of 1525 and the Second Margrave War (1552–1554) , a period of peace followed in the Bishopric of Würzburg and thus also in Aura. The Thirty Years' War had an impact on Aura in the first half of the 17th century . For example, when the Swedish troops marched through in 1631, the population had to provide the soldiers with food and lodging; there were also confiscations of goods and money and attacks on the population. Furthermore, due to lack of money, the construction work on the planned church in Aura had to be stopped after Prince-Bishop Johann Gottfried I von Aschhausen installed a permanent army of 10,000 men on the occasion of the war. Another reason for the construction freeze was the sudden death of the prince-bishop in 1622.
After the dissolution of the Aura monastery, its last abbot, Leonhard Gneitzheimer, was pastor of Aura for a while. After that, Aura and Wittershausen became branches of Euerdorf ; from 1622 beneficiaries from Euerdorf were placed in Aura. Aura was also looked after by these after it became an independent parish in 1668. Between 1690 and 1695 a new rectory was built from the stones of the demolished towers of the monastery church. The monastery church itself became the parish church of Aura.
After a phase of peace, Aura experienced further war-related burdens in the wars against the Turks and against the French King Louis XIV , in the Palatinate War of Succession , in the War of Austrian Succession , in the Seven Years War and in the coalition wars . At the beginning of the 18th century, Aura suffered financial burdens when the residents had to pay war taxes to the French after the coalition wars. In 1742 several residents from Aura, Oberthulba and Wittershausen emigrated to Hungary, which promised better living conditions.
Despite the unrest caused by the war, a lot of progress was made in the Würzburg monastery, which also had an impact on Aura. A new center house (1752) and a school in 1754, which today serves as the town hall, were built in the village. A new regulation of the school regulations in 1774/75 with the introduction of compulsory schooling from six to twelve years of age improved the educational situation.
At the time of the Principality of Würzburg, secured in 1804, Aura was in the district court and rent office district of Euerdorf.
Aura was in the Franconian Empire from 1500 to 1806 .
Bavarian Kingdom
After its secularization in 1803 in favor of Bavaria in the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, the upper office of the Hochstift Würzburg was left to Archduke Ferdinand of Tuscany to form the Grand Duchy of Würzburg and with this in 1814 it finally fell to Bavaria . The Aura-Trimberg office was replaced in 1814 by an older regional court in Euerdorf . The new rent office was also built in Euerdorf . In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818 .
A hard winter in 1816/17 aggravated living conditions; in 1817 hunger added. For some, paid forced labor was required to survive, especially in road construction. The social reforms by Minister of State Maximilian von Montgelas brought some order into community life. Aura received no benefit from the Industrial Revolution , so many residents were close to the subsistence level. On the other hand, Aura was not as badly affected by the famine as a result of the bad harvests around 1830 as other areas of Lower Franconia, since almost all residents of Aura grew their basic food themselves and kept small livestock.
In 1841 the pastor Josef Vorbeck, who worked in Aura from 1837 to 1851, discovered the first fossilized tracks of land vertebrates ( chirotherium ) in the red sandstone of Aura and sent them to the royal district government in Würzburg in September 1841. The tracks were left to the mineralogical collection of the University of Würzburg and made known and described by the Würzburg professor of mineralogy Ludwig Rumpf in 1842 and 1843.
On July 1, 1862, the Hammelburg district district office was established, the forerunner of today's Hammelburg district office, when the older district court in Euerdorf was merged with the older district court in Hammelburg.
During the German War of 1866, two Bavarian squadrons of the 2nd Uhlan Regiment of the 1st Light Cavalry Brigade were quartered in Euerdorf and one squadron each in Aura and Wittershausen. They moved to Kissingen on July 9, 1866, as soon as it was identified as the target of the Prussian troops. At noon on July 10th, the Prussians, moving from Wittershausen via Aura to Euerdorf, drove out the remaining Bavarian troops that had remained in Aura under Major General Ludwig von Bayern. Home chronicle Max Wörner reports in this context of a meeting of two Bavarian soldiers with two Prussian soldiers, where one of the Bavarian soldiers was killed by a Prussian bullet and was buried on the eastern corner of the cemetery wall. 13 men from Aura fought on the Bavarian side. The fighting resulted in numerous damage to the Auraer area. The population of the place had to provide the Prussian troops with food, some of which were quartered in Aura until February 1867.
During the Franco-Prussian War , 20 men from Aura were drafted into military service; five of them had already served as soldiers in the German war . After the founding of the empire , a national feeling only gradually emerged after the defeat of the French around the time of the Reichstag elections on March 3, 1871. On March 5, 1871, there was a funeral service for those who died in the war as well as a thanksgiving service for the establishment of an empire.
The Aura volunteer fire brigade was founded on August 17th ; the oldest surviving log book dates from 1881. According to this log book, the fire brigade was divided into a compulsory fire brigade and a voluntary fire brigade .
The founders' squabble that set in after the founding fever in the German Empire was also noticeable in Aura through price increases, which forced the small farmers of the village to take on additional work in the craft, mostly in Schweinfurt . The daily working time was 12 hours with six working days a week. Before the First World War, Aura citizens emigrated to America.
First World War and Weimar Republic
In contrast to larger neighboring communities such as Bad Kissingen and Hammelburg, whose inhabitants stocked up larger food supplies at the beginning of the First World War , the rural population and thus also Aura had to supply themselves with food from their own cultivation, according to a district official announcement of August 2, 1914. The enthusiasm for war in the big cities gave way to concern for the local men who had been drafted into the war. From 1916 house slaughter had to be approved and beer consumption was restricted. People lived mainly on potatoes and turnips. In the forest, beechnuts, acorns, chestnuts and fruit kernels had to be collected for the production of fat and oil. During the desperate efforts of the German military to win in the final phase of the war, the population's desire for peace grew ever greater.
On November 16, 1918, shortly after the proclamation of the republic on November 11, a 38-man workers 'and peasants' council was founded in Hammelburg, at which Aura with seven representatives, a. a. the mayor was involved. He participated in the elections for the Bavarian state parliament on January 12, 1919 and for the German National Assembly on January 19, 1919; municipal and district elections followed in June.
The unemployment during the economic crisis was also felt in Aura. For example, 90% of the members of FC Aura, founded in 1930 by 17 young men, were unemployed. The club did not have its own football field and played on all available meadows and wasteland.
In January 1931, the baker's widow Maria Moritz made property 25 available for the establishment of a children's institution, which was run by two nuns of the Congregation of the Servants of St. Jesus' childhood was directed from the Oberzell monastery .
National Socialism and World War II
In 1930, a local NSDAP group was established in Hammelburg , which created a “mood” against the young democracy in the area and thus also in Aura for its own purposes. Nevertheless, the NSDAP did not achieve a majority in the region; in Aura it received fewer votes than the SPD .
The measures taken by the NSDAP in the form of the Enabling Act of March 24, 1933 and the harmonization of legislative and executive branches also made themselves felt in Aura; For example, three representatives of the Bavarian People's Party were arrested in the village for criticizing the National Socialists. The Germania Aura / Saale cycling association, founded in 1924, also fell victim to conformity when it had to join the German Reich Association for physical exercises . This led to additional costs and thus in 1936 to a premium increase from 50 pfennigs to 1 RM. The membership decreased; in 1938 the association had to be dissolved.
The NSDAP did not hold training courses on party work and special conferences in Aura, but in Euerdorf. Even a tightening of the lifestyle regulations in 1938 and the assignment to the labor service did little to change the idyllic village life in Aura. The regulations provided for Sunday stew, air raid drills, Colorado beetle hunt and collections; From the end of August 1939, basic foodstuffs and textiles were only available against coupons.
The attack on Poland on September 1, 1939 did not arouse any enthusiasm for war in Aura or in the rest of Germany. The victory in France in 1940 brought some enthusiasm for the war to the town, but the news about those killed in the Hammelburg district fueled fear for the men from Aura.
From December 1940, 30 French prisoners were housed in Aura who were assigned to work on the farms and in the forest. Friendships developed between the French and the population, which was also expressed in joint football games.
After the defeat of Stalingrad in 1943, enthusiasm for war gave way to despair. After the air raid on Schweinfurt on August 17, 1943 , American and English planes flew over Aura.
On August 7, 1945, the bridge to Aura was blown up by German troops to prevent American troops from marching in, but the Americans were able to build a temporary bridge and occupy Aura. A shelling of the place by German troops with the aim of hitting Americans and renegade residents of Aura was the last act of war in Aura shortly before the end of the war and caused a fire in the place; the French prisoners of war helped with the extinguishing work. In June 1945, the Americans quartered themselves in the school apartment of the local school to monitor the electrical works.
Aura on the Saale after 1945
From 1946 displaced people settled in Aura. For example, by 1950 the number was 148 displaced persons and 26 evacuees from the bombed cities. The integration went smoothly; the displaced were welcomed by the auras. Locals and those who had been displaced from their homes did joint building work in the form of house building, agriculture and planting. As a result, for example, the construction of homes by displaced persons between Gartenstrasse and Trimberger Weg and the reforestation of the forest emerged.
Aura benefited only to a limited extent from the economic boom of the 1950s ; many young residents went to Frankfurt am Main because of better career prospects . Nevertheless, there were, for example, extensions to the through traffic and the cemetery; a weighing house and a morgue were built. The land consolidation, however, received little attention.
In 1963, the district building office of the district office suggested the reconstruction of the north gate of the Aura monastery, which collapsed around 1956 . Despite the subsidies promised by the State Office for Monument Preservation , the mayor and the local council considered other construction projects, such as the first section of the sewage disposal system with clarifier, to be more urgent and rejected them in a letter dated June 5, 1963 to the district building authority. Further construction projects were the newly built central water supply in 1961/62, a new bridge (completion in summer 1964), a central sewage disposal system with clarifier (completion in 1965) and a primary school (completion in 1967).
As part of the municipal reform of 1972 , the plan to incorporate Aura into Elfershausen met resistance from the population and from Mayor Adolf Hack. Instead, after a corresponding vote among Aura’s population, Mayor Hack initiated the place’s entry into an administrative community with Euerdorf .
During the 1970s, a new village church with a parish hall and kindergarten (1971), a heated swimming pool opened in 1973 and a festival hall (1980/81) were built; by 1975 the road network was expanded.
The inauguration of the new church took place on June 29, 1971; after the monastery church, it became the new parish church of Aura. The monastery church itself was extensively renovated between 1975 and 1981. The rectory has been privately owned since 1999.
In recognition of his services, Mayor Adolf Hack was made an honorary citizen on April 6, 1984.
Construction activities in Aura continued through the 1980s and 1990s. The town hall was renovated in 1987, the new sewage treatment plant was built in 1989 and the new kindergarten and church administration were built in 1996 and the village fountain was renewed. In 1998 a new source for water supply was developed. Construction of the new fire station began in 2001 .
From 1999 the pastor of Aura was assigned responsibility for other neighboring towns in addition to Aura, for example from May 1, 1999 for Ramsthal and from September 1, 1999 for Euerdorf with its Wirmsthal branch and for Sulzthal . The parish community "Saalethal" developed from the five locations and was officially confirmed by Bishop Friedhelm Hofmann on August 2, 2009.
In 2008 the village celebrated the founding of the monastery 900 years ago with many events.
Population development
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1574 | about 206 |
| 1618 | about 290 |
| 1700 | 269 |
| 1720 | 295 |
| 1740 | 355 |
| 1760 | 339 |
| 1780 | 315 |
| 1800 | 415 |
| 1803 | 340 |
| 1871 | 530 |
| 1933 | 540 |
| 1939 | 525 |
| 1946 | 756 |
| 1950 | 778 |
| 1960 | 642 |
| 1961 | 679 |
| 1969 | 727 |
| 1971 | 758 |
| 1977 | 785 |
| 1991 | 776 |
| 1995 | 830 |
| 2005 | 879 |
| 2010 | 869 |
| 2015 | 856 |
| 2017 | 861 |
politics
Municipal council
After the local elections on March 15, 2020 , the local council has eight members, all of whom belong to the CSU / Citizens for Aura faction . The turnout was 68.2%. CSU / citizens had already submitted the only nomination for Aura for the 2014 to 2020 term of office and received all mandates. Another member and chairman of the municipal council is the mayor.
mayor
Thomas Hack (* 1962) has been mayor since May 1, 2002. He has been re-elected three times so far, including in 2014 with 92.39% of the votes and on March 15, 2020 with 93.6% of the votes.
coat of arms
- In silver a continuous red cross, on it a left-facing, upright golden abbot's staff covered with a horizontal silver grate.
- Coat of arms history
- Under Bishop Otto von Bamberg between 1108 and 1113 a Benedictine monastery (Uraugia) was founded on the site of a castle in the community of Aura. The first abbot was Ekkehard von Aura , who was a widely known historiographer. The monastery was abolished by Prince-Bishop Friedrich von Wirsberg in 1564. The coat of arms indicates the close connection between the community of Aura and the former monastery of the same name. The monastery church is consecrated to St. Laurentius and St. George . For Laurentius the rust stands and for Georg the cross in the coat of arms. The colors silver and red are the colors of the Würzburg bishopric, which ruled Aura until 1803. The coat of arms was awarded by the Ministry of the Interior on April 17, 1963.
Attractions
The most important architectural monument in the community is the Catholic parish church of St. Laurentius. It is the former monastery church of the Aura monastery . The three-aisled pillar basilica was built between 1108 and 1113.
The ruins of Aura are located on the plateau in the northeast of Aura .
Architectural monuments
Personalities
mayor
| Surname | Official title | Term of office |
|---|---|---|
| Hans Seuffert | Mayor | 1672 |
| unknown | 1672-1692 | |
| Hans Clement | 1693-1713 | |
| Stefan Seuffert | 1714 | |
| Hans Clement | 1714-1716 | |
| Stefan Seuffert | 1717-1735 | |
| Jacob Muller | 1735-1749 | |
| unknown | 1750 | |
| Luccas Bienmüller | 1751 | |
| unknown | 1752 | |
| Jacob Muller | 1753 | |
| unknown | 1754 | |
| Luccas Bienmüller | 1755-1788 | |
| Michel Kirsten | 1789-1795 | |
| unknown | 1796 | |
| Jakob Eckart | 1797-1814 | |
| Anton Pfrang | 1815-1818 | |
| Jakob Höfer (mayor from 1822) | 1818-1822 | |
| Lorenz Clement | Mayor | 1822-1827 |
| Christoph Clement | 1828-1842 | |
| Georg Nöth | 1842-1843 | |
| Clement | 1843-1848 | |
| Me. Moritz | 1848-1854 | |
| Donut | 1855-1856 | |
| Kirstein | 1857-1866 | |
| Moritz (from September 1, 1869 mayor) | 1866-1881 | |
| Clement | mayor | 1882-1893 |
| Johann Bie (n) müller | 1894-1906 | |
| Andreas Moritz | 1906-1912 | |
| Ludwig Vierle | 1912-1930 | |
| Erhard Schmitt | 1930-1935 | |
| Rudolf Vierle | 1935-1945 | |
| Georg Schneider | 1946-1960 | |
| Adolf Hack | 1960-1984 | |
| Erhard Tillemann | 1984-2002 | |
| Thomas Hack | since 2002 |
Pastor
| Surname | activity |
|---|---|
| Johann Kaspar Helldörfer | 1669 |
| Johannes Agricola | 1670-1676 |
| Johannes Sebald Appelmann | 1676 |
| Johannes Vitus Brach | 1676-1679 |
| Michael Albert | 1679-1680 |
| Kaspar Albert | 1680-1685 |
| Johannes Nikolaus Schmitt | 1685-1686 |
| Johannes Kaspar Faber | 1686-1690 |
| Kaspar Voll | 1690-1691 |
| Andreas Schaup | 1691-1719 |
| Johannes Michael Hofmann | 1719-1721 |
| Johann Wolfgang Hümler | 1721-1725 |
| Johannes Brünner | 1725-1727 |
| Johann Adam Lindiger | 1727-1753 |
| Sebastian Simon | 1753-1782 |
| Johannes Nikolaus Knorz | 1783-1817 |
| Thomas Gütlein | 1818-1824 |
| Andreas Schimpf | 1824-1832 |
| Georg Amend | 1832-1837 |
| Josef Vorbeck | 1837-1851 |
| Balthasar Düring | 1851-1858 |
| Daniel Pötsch | 1858-1869 |
| Georg Michael Fuchs | 1870-1879 |
| Alois Adalbert Vogel | 1879-1883 |
| Franz Nikolaus Vornberger | 1884-1888 |
| Wilhelm vinegar | 1888-1892 |
| Johann Andreas Bauer | 1893-1914 |
| Georg Josef Schmitt | 1914-1922 |
| Franz Zimmermann | 1922-1933 |
| Alfons greeting | 1935-1948 |
| Remigius Rudolf | 1948-1963 |
| Karlheinz Albert | 1963-1966 |
| Josef Baumgart | 1966-1983 |
| Arno Stöcklein | 1983-1999 |
| Jürgen Schwarz | 1999-2011 |
| P. Sony Kochumalayil | since 2011 |
Honorary citizen
- Former Mayor Adolf Hack, appointment: April 6, 1984
literature
- Monika Schaupp (Ed.): Aura an der Saale 1108–2008 , 2008
- Max Wörner: Aura Saale. A diamond in the Saale valley . Aura 1991
Web links
- Homepage
- Entry on the coat of arms of Aura an der Saale in the database of the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ Municipality of Aura an der Saale: Mayor & Municipal Council. Retrieved May 19, 2020 .
- ↑ → earlier spellings
- ↑ a b Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 28 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Ludwig Rumpf : track prints from the colorful sandstone to Aura on the Saale; living frog in the shell limestone near Höchberg ; Fragment of an antler from the Steinberge near Würzburg; Trigonotreta fragilis and Placodus gigas Agass. from the local shell limestone; Dolomite as the uppermost link of the Muschelkalk formation belongs to the Keuper structure. In: New Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Geology and Petrefacts Customer, 1842, 450–451 Archives , Plate VIII Archives
- ↑ Ludwig Rumpf: About animal tracks in the colorful sandstone near Aura; Horseshoe-like impressions in the colored sandstone of Elfershausen . In: New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and Petrefacten customer, 1843, 705–707 archive
- ↑ www.pfarierendengemeinschaft.bistum-wuerzburg.de - Parish community “Saalethal” established ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Monika Schaupp (Ed.): Aura an der Saale 1108–2008 , 2008, p. 83
- ↑ Results of the 2020 municipal council election , accessed on June 20, 2020
- ↑ Thomas Hack confirmed in office. infranken.de, March 16, 2014, accessed on May 16, 2017 .
- ↑ Monika Schaupp (Ed.): Aura an der Saale 1108–2008 , 2008, pp. 84f.
- ↑ Monika Schaupp (Ed.): Aura an der Saale 1108-2008 , 2008, p. 86f.
Aura on the Saale | Bad Bocklet | Bad Brueckenau | Bad Kissingen | Burkardroth | Elfershausen | Your village | Fuchsstadt | Geroda | Hammelburg | Maßbach | Moths | Münnerstadt | Nüdlingen | Oberleichtersbach | Oberthulba | Oerlenbach | Ramsthal | Rannungen | Riedenberg | Schondra | Sulzthal | Thundorf in Lower Franconia | Wartmannsroth | Wild spots | Zeitlofs
Unregulated areas of
Dreistelzer Forst |
Forst Detter-Süd |
Geiersnest-East |
Geiersnest-West |
Great Auersberg |
Calf Hill |
Motten Forest South |
Neuwirtshauser Forest |
Omerz and Red Mountain |
Römershager Forest North |
Römershager Forest East |
Rossbach Forest |
Waldfensterer forest