Głuchołazy
| Głuchołazy | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Nyski | ||
| Gmina : | Głuchołazy | ||
| Area : | 6.83 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 19 ′ N , 17 ° 23 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 13,780 (Dec. 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 48-340 to 48-343 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | ONY | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Głuchołazy– Prudnik | ||
| Rail route : | Krnov – Głuchołazy , Hanušovice – Głuchołazy | ||
| Kędzierzyn-Koźle-Nysa | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Katowice | |||
Głuchołazy [ ɡwuxɔˈwazɨ ] ( German Ziegenhals , also Bad Ziegenhals ; Silesian Gůchołazy , Czech Hlucholazy ) is a town in the powiat Nyski of the Polish Opole Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with a little over 24,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The city is located in the Upper Silesia region on the right bank of the Biele at 275 m above sea level. NHN , about 21 kilometers south of Neisse and 65 km southwest of Opole . The border with the Czech Republic runs nearby .
In terms of natural space, the city is located at the foot of the Zuckmanteler Bergland ( Góry Opawskie in Polish ) in the valley of the Ziegenhalser Biele . The Starynka (also Starynia or Kletnica ) forms another river in the city and is a right tributary of the Ziegenhalser Biele.
Neighboring towns of Głuchołazy are Bodzanów ( Langendorf ) in the north, Charbielin ( Ludwigsdorf ) in the east, Konradów ( Dürr-Kunzendorf ) in the south and the Czech village of Mikulovice ( Niklasdorf ) in the west .
history
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Around 1220, the Breslau bishop Lorenz brought German settlers to the area in the foreland of the Jeseníky Mountains to protect the diocese of Neisse from the invasion of Margrave Vladislav Heinrich , a brother of Ottokar I , to the north. Destroyed by the Mongols in 1241, the rebuilt Ziegenhals already had town charter in 1263 . In the same year the place was mentioned as Cigenals . The settlers were mainly miners who were attracted to the area by news of gold discoveries in the mountains near Ziegenhals. Gold mining is documented from the 16th and 17th centuries, as are the iron ore mines of the Thurzo and Fugger families . However, gold mining was not as important as in the neighboring Zuckmantel . The mouth hole of the Heilige Drei Könige tunnel , which served to keep the Zuckmantler pits water drained, can be found near the city. Its water was also used to power a mill.
On March 20, 1428, the Hussites burned the city down, destroying the 13th century parish church. The annual procession to the Visitation of Mary commemorated the flood of the Biele in 1472 . In 1627 the plague raged in the city, which was remembered in the plague procession held until 1945. In 1635 the plague raged again in the city.
During the First Silesian War , the town near the Neisse fortress was the scene of fighting several times. After Prussia took over almost all of Silesia , Ziegenhals became a Prussian border town in 1742, while Zuckmantel remained with Austria . This led to an economic decline; Only with the cultivation of flax did Ziegenhals develop into a weaving town. The parish church, which was destroyed in 1428, was rebuilt between 1729 and 1733 in the Baroque style. In 1860 the medieval city wall was razed, whereby some city gates, such as the upper gate , were preserved. In 1874 Ziegenhals received a railway connection, which established the cellulose industry in the town. At the end of the 19th century, medicinal springs were found in the urban area, making the place a well-known health resort . At the same time the first sanatoriums were built.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Ziegenhals had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a Catholic school teacher seminar, a preparatory institute , a Prussian secondary customs office, an Austrian main customs office, cellulose, woolen goods, thread, machine, stone goods, bone meal and ignition goods production and was the seat of a local court .
In Ziegenhals, a state health resort in Upper Silesia was established , the director of which in the 1930s was the internist and senior medical advisor Ludgar Rickmann, who also participated as a collaborator in the lexicon of the entire therapy .
In 1945 Ziegenhals belonged to the district Neisse in the administrative district of Opole the province of Upper Silesia .
Bad Ziegenhals was spared acts of war until shortly before the end of the Second World War . Only one bomb fell in the city during the entire war. It was not until the day after the capitulation that German troops withdrew on May 9, 1945. On May 10th, Polish soldiers occupied the city, which immediately came under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . The previously German place was renamed Głuchołazy . Then began the immigration of Poles , some of them from Greater Poland, some from the area around Myszków and the areas east of the Curzon Line . At the same time the expulsion of the previous population began. Many came to Goslar . In 1950 the place came to the Opole Voivodeship. In the course of an exchange of territory in 1959, in exchange for Krasów, the settlement Skřivánkov ( Lerchenfeld ) belonging to Zlaté Hory was ceded by Czechoslovakia and connected to Głuchołazy under the name Skowronków. Half of the corner protruding west of the city into the Czechoslovakian area was assigned to the municipality of Kolnovice , which ceded the eastern corridors of Vysutá to the municipality of Gierałcice . When the Oder floods in 1997 , the city was flooded. In 1999 the place came to the re-established Powiat Opolski.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1748 | 962 | |
| 1756 | 1097 | Catholics |
| 1768 | 1285 | |
| 1776 | 1393 | |
| 1783 | 1297 | |
| 1784 | 1291 | Catholics, in 233 private homes |
| 1790 | 1426 | |
| 1803 | 1869 | |
| 1810 | 1793 | |
| 1816 | 1940 | including 41 Evangelicals, 1899 Catholics, no Jews |
| 1821 | 2020 | |
| 1825 | 2256 | in 304 houses, of which 44 are Protestants, 2197 Catholics, 15 Jews |
| 1828 | 2363 | |
| 1843 | 3417 | at the end of the year (excluding the military), including 92 Evangelicals, 3305 Catholics, 20 Jews |
| 1852 | 3533 | |
| 1855 | 3348 | Civil residents |
| 1861 | 3762 | Civil residents, including 95 Evangelicals, 3,641 Catholics, 26 Jews |
| 1867 | 4329 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 4922 | with the garrison (a squadron of hussars No. 6), including 100 Evangelicals; according to other data 4918 inhabitants (on December 1), of which 153 Evangelicals, 4740 Catholics, 25 Jews |
| 1905 | 8673 | including 599 Evangelicals and 47 Jews |
| 1910 | 8975 | on December 1st |
| 1933 | 9913 | |
| 1939 | 9737 |
| year | 1946 | 1957 | 1970 | 2005 |
| population | 7,500 | 10,300 | 13,400 | 15.003 |
Attractions
St. Laurence
The history of the Church of St. Lawrence (Polish: Kościół Św. Wawrzyńca ) goes back to the 13th century. The first building was burned down by the Hussites in 1428. Only the Gothic portal has survived. Only between 1729 and 1733 was a new building in the Baroque style . The neo-baroque spiers were built at the beginning of the 20th century.
St. Francis
The neo-Gothic church was built between 1865 and 1866 for the city's evangelical community. The brick altar dates from 1890.
More Attractions
- Ring with town houses in the style of the Renaissance and Baroque
- Remains of the city walls with the preserved upper gate
- St. Rochus Church - built 1626 to 1627
- Spa district southwest of the old town with spa gardens
coat of arms
Blazon : a black, gold-horned billy goat in silver .
traffic
The state road Droga krajowa 40 and the voivodship road 411 run through the city .
Important railway lines also cross the city, leading to Katowice , Legnica or the Czech Krnov , among others . Trains run through the city on the Czech railway line KBS 292 Krnov ( Jägerndorf ) - Jeseník ( Freiwaldau ) - Hanušovice ( Hannsdorf ), which change direction in the former main station, but did not allow boarding or alighting until 2006.
The Katowice – Legnica railway with the Nowy Las and Nowy Świętów stops runs through the north of the municipality , where the Nowy Świętów – Sławniowice Nyskie railway branched off earlier . Furthermore, the Nowy Świętów – Głuchołazy railway line , which is operated only on weekends with two pairs of trains, branches off , it leads to the Głuchołazy station, formerly on to the bathing station ( Zdrój ). At the Głuchołazy station, trains on the Krnov - Jeseník line change direction.
local community
The town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Głuchołazy covers a territory of 168 km² and includes, in addition to the city, a number of villages with school boards.
Sister cities and municipalities
- Jeseník , Czech Republic
- Mikulovice , Czech Republic
- Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm , Germany
- Zlaté Hory , Czech Republic
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Carl Stangen (1833–1911), entrepreneur, world traveler and writer
- Joseph Fahnroth (1838–1895), church painter
- Adolph Langer (1862–1940), Catholic clergyman and member of the German Reichstag
- Rudolf Zimmer (1878–1959), politician
- Lothar Mosler (1913–1995), historian
- Georg Pelchen (1915–2012), lawyer
- Günter Goetzendorff (1917–2000), politician
- Jo Filke (1921–2001), architect
- Paul Neumann (1929–2015), politician
- Hubert Socha , religious priest and theologian
- Norbert Glatzel (* 1937), Roman Catholic theologian
- Günter Madeja (* 1939), soccer player
- Bernd Rosenberger (* 1944), local politician and professor of mathematics
- Andrzej Sośnierz (* 1951), doctor and politician
- Michał Bajor (* 1957), actor and chansonnier
- Janusz Zarenkiewicz (* 1959), boxer
- Kaan Dobra (born 1972), football player
Personalities who have worked on site
- Lorenz (Breslau) († 1232), Bishop of Breslau, founder of the city of Ziegenhals
- Oskar von Karger (1816–1888), Prussian major general, died in Ziegenhals
- Paul Letocha (1834–1911), lawyer and politician, died in Bad Ziegenhals
- Alfred Saltzgeber (1872–1936), Catholic theologian, chaplain in Ziegenhals between 1900 and 1902
- Karl Schodrok (1890–1978), teacher, editor, publisher and publicist, attended the teachers' seminar in Bad Ziegenhals between 1907 and 1910
- Franz Sauer (1894–1962), organist, at times at the teachers' seminar in Bad Ziegenhals
- Heinrich Konietzny (1910–1983), musician, university professor and composer, as a student in Bad Ziegenhals
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 1018-1021 .
- Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 952-953.
- Johannes Athanasius Kopietz : Contributions to the oldest history of the Neißer Land and the city of Ziegenhals , 1898.
Web links
- Official website of the City of Głuchołazy
- Another website about the city
- Virtual trip
- Ziegenhals cellulose factory on the website of the Johannes-Theodor-Thormaehlen Foundation as an example of the emerging cellulose industry in the 19th century
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 917 .
- ↑ Ivan Stupek: Josef LowAg (1849-1911), 100 years ago a popular Silesia. In: Würzburger medical history reports 23, 2004, pp. 499–504; here: p. 499.
- ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 952-953.
- ↑ Walter Marle (Ed.): Lexicon of the entire therapy with diagnostic information. 2 volumes, 4th revised edition. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1935 ( list of employees ).
- ↑ History of Bad Ziegenhals ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish)
- ↑ a b c Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 1019 .
- ↑ a b c d Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, pp. 131-132 .
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 418–419, item 844 .
- ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, towns and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration . Breslau 1830, p. 1044.
- ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 708.
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 967, paragraph 103 .
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. After the Urmaterialien the general census of 1 December 1871. Berlin 1874, pp 398-399, paragraph 3 .
- ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 183-185, item 15.
- ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de: Municipal directory Germany 1900
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. neisse.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ for 2005 Główny Urząd Statystyczny
- ↑ History of the St. Laurentius Church ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ St. Rochus ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Biskupów (Bishop's Forest ) | Bodzanów (Langendorf) | Burgrabice (Borkendorf) | Charbielin (Ludwigsdorf) | Gierałcice (Giersdorf) | Głuchołazy (goat neck) | Jarnołtówek (Arnoldsdorf) | Konradów (Dürr Kunzendorf) | Markowice (Markersdorf) | Nowy Las (Neuwalde) | Nowy Świętów (German bet) | Podlesie (Schönwald) | Pokrzywna (Wild Ground) | Polski Świętów (Alt Bet) | Stary Las (Altewalde) | Sławniowice (Groß Kunzendorf) | Sucha Kamienica (Dürr Kamitz) | Wilamowice Nyskie (Winsdorf)
Hamlet: Dłużnica (Waldhof) | Gęstwina (Stöckicht) | Kletnik (Klettnig) | Kolonia Kaszubska (Colony of Stones) | Komorów (Kammerau) | Łączki (Lentsch) | Przesieki | Rudawa (Rothfest) | Skowronków (Lerchenfeld)