Baroque Church of St. Ludwig (Saarlouis)

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St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), exterior view of the baroque church, (archive of the Institute for Contemporary Art in Saarland)
St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), interior of the baroque church, (archive of the Institute for Current Art in Saarland)

The baroque church of St. Ludwig and St. Peter and Paul was the predecessor of today's Catholic church of the same name on the Great Market in Saarlouis . The parish was founded in 1685 in connection with the construction of the Saarlouis fortress. The building of the Catholic Church took place in connection with the construction of the Saarlouis fortress by the French King Louis XIV and is also to be seen in connection with the recatholization measures of Louis XIV in the wake of the reunion policy on the central Saar in the second half of the 17th century . The building has undergone numerous redesigns in the course of its history. In the 19th century, the baroque building was replaced by a new neo-Gothic building in two stages. Its nave was replaced in the 20th century by a concrete building in the style of brutalism .

history

St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), memorial stone inscription with a lily cross from 1685 in the entrance area of ​​the church, "CESTE ECLISE A ESTE FONDEE DU REGNE DE LOVIS 14 DU NOM ROY DE FRANCE ET DE NAVARRE LE 2 MAY 1685", dimensions: 60 × 60 cm

Provisional church rooms

In the first few years after the fortress town of Saarlouis was founded (the foundation stone was laid on August 5, 1680), the service for the soldiers and first residents took place provisionally in a simple camp chapel or in the former main station on the Great Market. The last pastor of the destroyed city of Wallerfangen , Johann Manderfeld, took over the pastoral care of the residents of Wallerfangen who were forcibly relocated to the fortress. The first child to be baptized in the newly founded fortress town on January 27, 1681, (Jean) Louis Dumas, was given the name of the parish priest Louis IX. from France.

The Premonstratensian monks of the nearby St. Maria Abbey in Wadgassen tried to take over the pastoral care in Saarlouis and had even promised a relocation of the abbey to the fortress, but in 1683 the parish pastoral care was on the orders of King Louis XIV War Minister François Michel Le Tellier de Louvois transferred French Augustinian recollections from Paris . The Fathers under their Provincial Hyacinthe Léfebre performed pastoral offices at the Versailles court and had already been entrusted by the King with pastoral care in the French fortified towns of Cambrai , Arras and Dunkirk . Presumably, the “Gallification” of the newly conquered area should also be promoted through the use of French-speaking fathers.

On November 13, 1683, the Fathers Symphorien Gaillon and Vincent Gorgan took over the "Paroisse de Sarrelouis" from the last pastor of Wallerfang, Johann Manderfeld. Soon other fathers followed them in support. From this point in time until the French Revolution, the Augustinian Fathers provided the pastors in Saarlouis for 109 years. The respective superior was the parish administrator and carried the title "Directeur de la paroisse royale de Saarlouis". Until the construction of their own parsonage in the years 1685–1686, they lived in the command building on the Great Market and later in the cavalry barracks. This parsonage was in service until 1957, when the new parsonage in Kavalleriestraße behind the church was moved into. The baroque rectory and parish church were connected by a gallery. For traffic reasons this gallery was closed around 1765.

Baroque church building

Church building

St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), masked stone from the baroque facade of the first Saarlouis church

The first baroque parish church of St. Ludwig was probably built by fortress engineers between 1685 and 1687 with a flat, three-part facade in the style of a Roman temple . A floor plan from 1847 has been preserved in the Trier diocese archives, as well as an interior view from 1834. The church was 146 feet long , the nave was 42 feet wide and the transept was 72 feet wide (6 Parisians Foot = 1.95 m). This made St. Ludwig the largest church in the area. The Nalbacher Kirche was 124 feet long, the Beruser 110 feet, the Fraulauterner 107 feet and the Rodener 101 feet.

The baroque church, the facade design of which has been handed down in photographs, was very similar to the church facade of Longwy , which was designed around the same time by the Saarlouis fortress builder Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban , although it did not have a slated hood like the former baroque church in Saarlouis . Due to the swampy terrain, the sacred building had to be founded on an extensive pile grid made of large oak trunks.

The church was analogous to the city name "Sarrelouis" and the city founder "Louis XIV.", Whose namesake , the canonized Louis IX. , King of France, consecrated. Louis XIV adored his great ancestor and namesake Louis IX. so much that he also had the palace chapel (construction dates: 1699–1715) of his residential palace in Versailles consecrated to the saint, who is regarded as the ideal of a pious medieval knight and sought to expand the power of France, in order to implore his heavenly intercession.

The second patronage of the apostle princes was taken over from the abandoned Wallerfang parish church. This patronage testifies to the fact that there was certainly still great resentment among the population with regard to the brutal forced resettlement and radical destruction of the old city of Wallerfangen . With the takeover of the title one probably hoped to be able to calm the heated tempers a bit.

In large niches in the facade, the stone figures of the two princes of the apostles Peter and Paul stood, as it were, as door guards, flanking the entrance portal of the church, in the spirit of a baroque Theatrum sacrum . Today the sculptures are placed on brick plinths in the vestibule of the church interior. They can probably be assigned to a sculptor's workshop in Trier from the end of the 18th century. Both figures are based in their pose on ancient sculptures and those of the Renaissance . They are designed in a counter post position, the juxtaposition of the standing and free legs of a human figure to balance out the weight relationships. The pelvis emerges from the vertical axis of the body. The swing of the hip caused by the resulting shift in weight with the inclined position of the pelvis in balance is also symptomatic of playing with opposites such as rest - movement, tension - relaxation, lifting - lowering, which ultimately lead to a homogeneous balance. This makes it possible to express burden and light-heartedness, calm and movement as well as the bondage and freedom of the human body. The aspect of movement is continued by the grandiose folds of the robes as well as the head and whiskers of the apostles. The princes of the apostles supported themselves with powerful arms on the Bibles resting on their hips and in the other hand they held the iconographic attributes of saints belonging to them : Peter holds the key to heaven and Paul the sword of his presumed execution in the Neronian persecution of Christians . The keys to heaven relate to Peter's confession of Christ in the Gospel of Matthew Mt 16 : 13-20  EU .

In the sculptural representation in the Saarlouis Ludwigskirche, the two apostles are given the iconographic attributes not only as a mere identification mark. Peter grabs his key with a strong fist as a sign of the universal power of the papal primacy and holds it towards the viewer with a strong arm. Both sculptures completely breathe the spirit of the Counter Reformation . For the Roman Catholic Church it was necessary to hold on to the believers or to win them back, to captivate their eyes with the display of pomp and splendor. The figure of Paul is much more relaxed, looking at the sword, turned inward. With his word he stands up for the message of Jesus Christ until the bitter end, the martyr's death .

Above the gable triangle on four Tuscan pilasters , a recessed tower with a recessed, non-articulated, slate bell-shaped storey with a parapet and a bell-shaped tower dome with a cross-crowned lantern rose above curved gable arches with vase attachments . The arched entrance with a circular window above it was positioned in the middle façade field between the inner wall pilasters. The architectural structure of the facade of St. Ludwig may have been the template for the design of the facade of the Catholic Church of St. Johann in St. Johann an der Saar (completed in 1763). The Saarlouis church had a sweeping transept and a semicircular choir area. Large clear-glazed arched windows let light into the pillar-less room, which was covered by a stuccoed arched barrel vault.

The first fortress governor Thomas de Choisy , acting on behalf of King Louis XIV, laid the foundation stone for the sacred building on June 2, 1685 with the permission of Archbishop Johann VIII. Hugo von Orsbeck of Trier . Augustinian Superior Vincent Gargan acted as representative of the Archbishop. The relationship between the French crown and the Archdiocese of Trier was tense at this time, as Louis XIV had taken St. Wendel, Merzig and Saargau from the Electorate by means of the Metz Reunionskammer in addition to numerous fiefs from the Archbishopric. However, the incorporation of the Saarlouis area into the diocese of Metz failed due to the opposition of the Holy See.

The foundation stone of the church from 1685, damaged when the neo-Gothic church was demolished, installation in the Saarlouis Municipal Museum
St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), cornerstone of the baroque church building in a wall niche of the right church entrance; The excavator abrasions are clearly visible

The inscription on the cornerstone read:

"16 + 85 AU NOM DE LOVIS LE GRAND CETTE PREMIERE PIERRE DE L'EGLISE DE SAARLOVIS A ÉTÉ MISE PAR MESSIRE THOMAS DE CHOISY GOVVERNEUR DE LA PLACE"

(German translation: "1685, in the name of Ludwig the Great, this foundation stone for the church of Saarlouis was laid by Mr. Thomas de Choisy, governor of the place.")

The foundation stone (98 cm × 68 cm × 16 cm) lay under the high altar until 1864 and was walled in again under the steps of the high altar when the nave was rebuilt in 1866. Due to damage from excavation work when the neo-Gothic church was demolished, it has only been preserved in fragments and was initially in the city museum. Since 2018 it has been exhibited in a niche in the right side entrance of the church.

The foundation of the church is indicated on the sandstone, which is inserted into the masonry in the right porch of today's church:

"CESTE ESGLISE A ESTE FONDEE DU REGNE DE LOVIS 14 DU NOM ROY DE FRANCE ET DE NAVARRE LE 2 MAY 1685."

(German translation: "This church was founded under the government of Louis 14th, King of France and Navarre, on May 2nd, 1685.")

It is unclear why the count of the rulers given in the inscription is done with Arabic and not with Roman numerals and why the date does not coincide with the actual laying of the foundation stone. In addition, it remains a mystery what function a second cornerstone should have had. The stone, which is technically awkward from a sculptural point of view, was only found after the tower fire in 1880.

The first person to be buried in the unfinished church on November 24, 1685 was Chevalier de Plessy des Regimentes de Fouquière. The sacred building was completed at the beginning of 1687. The solemn consecration took place on April 6, 1687 by Johann Philipp Burckhardt, auxiliary bishop of Speyer and titular bishop of Tripoli . In the run-up to the consecration, there had been difficult negotiations between the French crown and Trier due to Louis XIV's policy of aggression, which ultimately failed. As a way out, the auxiliary bishop of Speyer had been commissioned with the consecration of the church in Saarlouis.

When the three altars were demolished in 1864, the deed of consecration was found below them in brass capsules. The Latin text read:

"Anno MDCLXXXVII die sexta Mensis Aprilis quae erat Dominica in albis Ego Joannes Philippus Burckhardt Episcopus Tripolensis, Suffraganeus Spirensis consecravi ecclesiam et altare hoc ad nomen et memoriam Beatae Mariae Virginis et reliquias de S. Modesto Mart., S. Clodio M., S. Clodio M. Basilide M., S. Catharina Virg. et Mart. S. Dorothea V. et M., S. Lioba V. et M. ex societate S. Ursulae et de SS. Martyribus Treverensibus ex legione Thebaea in eo inclusi et singulis Christi fidelibus hodie unum annum et in the anniversario consecrationis huius modi ipsam visitantibus quadraginta dies de vera indulgentia in forma ecclesiae consueta cocessi. Sig. Joannes Philippus Burckhardt, Eps. Tripole. Suffr. Spirensis. "

(German translation: In 1687 on the sixth day of April, which was White Sunday, I, Johannes Philippus Burckhard, Bishop of Tripoli and Auxiliary Bishop of Speyer, have this church and this altar in the name and in memory of the Blessed Virgin Mary consecrated and I have in it relics of the holy martyr Modestus, the holy martyr Clodius, the holy martyr Basilidus, the holy virgin and martyr Catherine, the holy virgin and martyr Dorothea, the holy virgin and martyr Lioba from the followers of the holy Ursula and of the holy Trier martyrs from the Thebaic Legion and every believer in Christ I give one year of true indulgences today and forty days of true indulgences to visitors to the church on the anniversary of the consecration in the usual way of the church. Signed: Johannes Philippus Burckhardt, Bishop of Tripoli , Auxiliary Bishop of Speyer.)

In 1698 already thought about a redesign of the church. They wanted to expand the building generously and provide it with vaults. The single nave should give way to a three-aisled structure. The interior would have been closed by cross vaults. Due to the consequences of the Peace of Rijswijk , Saarlouis largely lost its military importance and the plan for a glamorous expansion had to be abandoned.

There are still two large-format oil paintings on the furnishings of the baroque church as a gift from Louis XVI. receive. They represent the “Holy Family” and the “Apotheosis of St. Ludwig”. A gold-plated altar predella depicting the Last Supper has also been preserved . The painting with St. Ludwig and the antependium were certainly parts of the former high altar of St. Ludwig, the design of which is similar to the altars in Saargemünd (St. Nicolas), Sierck (Nativité-de-la-Bienheureuse-Vierge-Marie), Beaumarais ( St. Peter and Paul , since 1924 in the church of St. Antonius in Werbeln ) as well as with the altar of the former monastery church owned by the Fraulautern abbey .

The church tower clock was delivered in 1704 by Johann Weber from Trier, the first organ was built by the Bramer organ manufacturer from Kornelimünster . Two bells were taken over from the parish church in Wallerfangen in 1688, two more were re-cast in 1720 on behalf of the Saarlouis city administration. An additional bell from 1576 came from the neighboring Holy Trinity Abbey in Fraulautern .

Restorations in the 18th century

St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), preserved wall panel of the baroque choir paneling of the original Ludwigskirche

The roof structure of the baroque church had to be repaired and re-covered in 1731. In 1734 the high altar was redesigned. The entrance to the church and the organ gallery were repaired in 1740.

In the years 1760–1766 the sacred building was subjected to a thorough interior restoration. The stucco ceiling was completely renewed in 1765/1766. The two side altars were also redesigned. The windows were re-glazed and the choir room was paneled with wood. The wood paneling was later moved to the former Café Budenz on the Großer Markt. A single wall panel from the previous paneling is now displayed again in the small exhibition in the Statz church facade. The previous connecting gallery between the rectory and church was demolished during the construction work in the 1760s. The slated bell chamber and the spire were renewed in 1770 and 1787. A devastating flood in the Saar caused great damage in 1784. The water flowed into the tombs under the floor and the floor subsided, resulting in extensive repairs.

First years of the French Revolution

St. Ludwig (Saarlouis), baroque relief (Altarpredella / Altarantependium) depicting the Last Supper, gilded wood carving from the beginning of the 18th century

Protests against the feudal system had already taken place in Saarlouis and the surrounding areas in the years before 1789. From the spring of 1789 the protests of the citizens and peasants intensified and reached their first high point in July. The French National Assembly decided on November 2, 1789 a decree ( Décret des biens du clergé mis à la disposition de la Nation ) that a request presentation of the deputies of the National Assembly and later foreign minister of Napoleon, Bishop Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord , declined , the nationalization of church property and thus the de facto expropriation of the Catholic Church . The background was efforts to counteract the financial crisis of the French state, which was mainly caused by France's participation in the American War of Independence . The priests, like the civil servants, from now on received state pay and sworn to the new state constitution. The parish churches, rectory houses and parish gardens as well as the Protestant churches were excluded from the nationalization.

At the beginning of the French Revolution , the parish of St. Ludwig was cared for by the religious Jean Capistran Kremer as superior, Christophe Justin Bichelberger, Jean Baptiste Rommeveaux and Mathieu-Nicolas Baudouin.

On April 1, 1790, the Saarlouis city administration had a celebratory "Te Deum" in the presence of the local military and civil authorities in St. Ludwig, a triple gun salute, bonfire and nightly festive lighting of the houses on the occasion of King Louis XVI's recovery. arranged. On July 14th of the same year, the new national festival was celebrated in Saarlouis on the first anniversary of the storming of the Paris Bastille . The festival started early in the morning with bells ringing from the tower of St. Ludwig and the thunder of cannons. This was followed by a high mass in the church and the representatives of the civil authorities and the Saarlouis clergy carried out a ceremonial fraternization on the Great Market. This was followed by political speeches and the taking of the oath of citizens and fraternization (Serment civique et de confédération), before a solemn Te Deum was sung in the church at noon. A bonfire and an illumination of the buildings concluded the anniversary.

Location of Saarlouis in the three dioceses province

The French National Assembly had already repealed the Catholic orders on February 13, 1790. Since May 22nd, the assembly debated the secular clergy. On July 12, 1790, the civil constitution was passed and promulgated on August 24. The areas of responsibility of the dioceses were adapted to the new state units of the départements . A diocese was established in each of the 83 departments. This reduced the number of bishoprics from 139 to 83. The bishops and pastors were elected. From 1680/85 to 1697 Saarlouis belonged administratively to the "Province de la Sarre", then until 1789 to the "Province des Trois-Évêchés ". The province, along with Lorraine, should then be divided into seven departments and Saarlouis should become the capital of one of these departments. With the civil constitution of the clergy from July 1790, there was the possibility that Saarlouis could also have become a bishopric. Ultimately, instead of the seven, only four departments were founded and Saarlouis came with the arrondissement Diedenhofen to the Moselle department with the capital Metz. Thus the parish of St. Ludwig was spun off from the traditional Archdiocese of Trier and became part of the diocese of Metz. The metropolitan association of the Lorraine dioceses of Metz, Toul and Verdun with the archbishopric and electorate of Trier, which dates back to the Middle Ages, was thus finally ended.

The Saarlouis clergy were now subject to state salaries due to the civil constitution, which was discontinued in 1795. The civil constitution completed the development of the French church into a national church . The ties to the Pope were weakened by the fact that decrees from the Vatican were initially controlled by the French government, taxes to Rome were suspended, and the Holy See was deprived of any ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Bishop and pastor elections were also removed from the influence of the Curia . The Pope was only recognized as a symbolic head of the church. In addition, all clerics had to take an oath on the constitution of the republic. The management of the civil register was transferred to the municipal administration.

On June 20, 1790, Superior Kremer had a register of parish properties drawn up on the orders of the Saarlouis municipal administration. On Vasa sacra are in this list u. a. four gold-plated chalices , several candlesticks, two ciborias , a gem-studded ray monstrance and a diamond-studded cross are recorded. In addition, the list of 102 objects includes numerous vestments, missals and processional flags as well as rectory furniture. The aim of the inventory was to dissolve the clerical community. So the four clergymen were asked whether they wanted to stay in the monastery-like community or to leave it.

Father Kremer, who was born in Rossbrücken in Lorraine in 1741 and had professed in Paris in 1761 , told the Saarlouis city administration on January 19, 1791 that he wanted to accept the state clergy pension and join his family in Rossbrücken withdraw. However, on October 5, 1790, Kremer had been confirmed by the city assembly as a lifelong and irremovable pastor. All other Fathers of St. Ludwig declared their resignation from the community of their order. Thus, on January 27, 1791, the clerical community of St. Ludwig was dissolved and the inventory and the archive were transferred to the city.

After the church was withdrawn at the end of May 1791, the city administration initiated the transfer of the Augustinian chapel as an auxiliary church for St. Ludwig through the district directorate, as the parish church was too small. The abolished Saarlouis Augustinian Convent was designed to accommodate the college in terms of its buildings. On Sunday, May 29th, 1791, the community voters elected the new pastor of St. Ludwig Jakob Senzy (Senzig) with an overwhelming majority. Senzy turned down the choice, however, as he preferred a position with the constitutional bishop of Metz, Nicolas Francin (term of office 1792 to 1802). So the previous Augustinian recollect fathers remained as parish administrators in St. Ludwig.

In 1791 Pope Pius VI refused . the French civil constitution. He suspended all priests who had submitted to the new constitution on charges of ecclesiastical schism . Nevertheless, 24 priests in the Saarlouis district submitted to the new church order. 30 priests agreed to the civil oath with reservations, which was interpreted as a disagreement by state authorities, and 26 priests refused to take the oath. In the period that followed, three of the 24 sworn priests revoked their consent and thus opposed the radical Jacobin-oriented administration in Saarlouis.

When a law was passed on August 26, 1792 threatening deportation of priests who did not want to swear by the constitution (Prêtres insermentés), the Augustinian recollects in Saarlouis again publicly protested against this development on August 28 and fled on August 30, 1792 out of town.

In their place, on September 10, 1792, the former Busendorf pastor Johann / Jean Guitienne was appointed as the parish administrator (administrator) at St. Ludwig, who had already offered himself to the district administration as a provisional pastor on September 12, 1791. On the occasion of the national holiday, Guitienne had already held a national and sacred high mass on July 14, 1792 on the Great Market in front of the church on a so-called "Altar of the Fatherland" together with the Filstroffer Pastor Pijot. The altar was adorned with a crowned lion with the constitution and the French tricolor in its paws. The altar inscription read: “The Constitution or Death.” In addition, enlightening quotes from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau adorned the altar . During the ceremony, officials and senior officers took the oath of allegiance to the Constitution, a tree of freedom was planted and two children were baptized. After the "Te Deum" was sung, a troop parade followed in front of the "Altar of the Fatherland" and the city officials gave each other a fraternal kiss. In the evening, the fatherland altar was festively illuminated. The celebrations for National Day ran similarly in the following years, although the remains of Catholic rituals were erased. The schoolchildren had to go to the “Altar of the Fatherland” with small tricolors and oak twigs in their hands, and instead of the earlier “Te Deum”, the crowd began to sing patriotic chants. Sports competitions in the Kapuzineraue (Lisdorfer Aue) supplemented the profaned festival in the afternoon.

As an assistant chaplain, Guitienne was to be supported by the sworn priest François Viart, who swore his oath on September 16, 1792 in St. Ludwig. The former Augustinian Peter Bayer was appointed second vicar to St. Ludwig on December 1, 1792, after swearing his oath on October 2, 1792. After an election on November 28, 1792, Guitienne was appointed pastor of St. Ludwig on December 1, 1792 by decree of the Bishop of Metz, Nicolas Francin, after the former Bishop Louis-Joseph de Montmorency-Laval had fled to Germany. Guitienne held his office in Saarlouis until the suppression of the Catholic cult in 1794. In his will, he established a foundation, from whose interest income a bonus was to be paid annually to the best pupil of the Saarlouis grammar school. However, the foundation's capital was lost in the 1920s during the currency ruin. On October 8, 1792, the legacies of the Augustinians were publicly auctioned by order of the district management board of September 28, 1792.

Reign of terror

With the cannonade of Valmy on September 20, 1792, revolutionary France in the First Coalition War was able to send a clear signal of power to the anti-French coalition by forcing the campaign of the interveners to Paris to stop and then to retreat. The success of the revolutionary army made a deep impression on contemporaries and became a revolutionary myth. The military threat to France led to ideological radicalization in Paris . The traditional monarchy was abolished, a republic was founded and a new era was introduced. On January 21, 1793, Louis XVI was beheaded in Paris, who had previously held a sacred or quasi-sacred position as the “anointed of God” . His wife Marie Antoinette followed him on October 16, 1793 on the guillotine .

On August 23, 1793, St. Ludwig had to give up three bells for military purposes. Only the main bell and a smaller bell were left in the church tower at the hour and quarter of an hour and as an alarm signal.

In Saarlouis, a revolutionary club called the “Club of Friends of the Constitution” had already been set up on November 20, 1791 and occupied the former Augustinian monastery as a clubhouse.

On July 22, 1793, the previous name of the city of Sarrelouis was changed to "Sarre-Libre" by the French National Convention for anti-royalist reasons.

During the reign of terror at the time of the French Revolution and the general suppression of Catholicism in late 1793 and early 1794, St. Ludwig's Church was transformed into a so-called Temple of Reason . In addition, the profaned church was used as a political assembly hall for the revolutionary clubs, although this had already happened before 1794. There were popular assemblies and votes as well as readings of laws and resolutions of the National Convention. Before that, the interior was almost completely devastated and the tower cross was torn down. It wasn't put back on until 1803. The objects of the religious cult were burned on a stake in the Great Market or they were thrown away. The Lazarist missionary priest and theology professor Louis Hayer, born in Saarlouis in 1751 , was guillotined in Niort in 1793 .

Father Pierre Lorrain, who disguised himself as a greengrocer or wood chopper, continued to hold clandestine services in lonely wooded areas and other secret places in the Saarlouis area at risk of death. Father Lorrain had previously also been a teacher at the Saarlouis Augustinian College, where he had taught, among others, the later military men Michel Ney , Jean François Toussaint (1772-1827), Jean Georges Grenier (1771-1835) and Paul Grenier (1768-1827). Lorrain came from Gauweisdorf , where he was born in 1755. He had to flee to Switzerland after 1790 and did not return to the Saar until 1802. Georg Baltzer also names the former religious Jean Hein (Augustinian), Constantin Bechel ( Capuchin ) and a Father Heimbach as secret priests.

However, the two large-format oil paintings given by Louis XIV, The Apotheosis of St. Louis and The Holy Family, survived the iconoclastic rage, as a church jury is said to have showered them with lime. The baroque altar predella / altar pendium has also been preserved. In a cultic celebration, a young woman was placed on the high altar as the personification of the goddess of reason and the smashed altar cross was placed at her feet. The grave crosses also had to disappear in the cemeteries.

Parallel to the cult of the goddess of reason, a Ceres procession was celebrated in front of the French Gate, during which agricultural implements and floats with agricultural products were carried around to the sound of music and singing, and the arable land was symbolically plowed and sown in order to ritually mark the fertility of the landscape to transport.

When the city was under siege in 1794, the divorced sacred space was also used as a barn. Due to the lack of maintenance of the building, the condition steadily deteriorated.

With the fall and execution of Maximilien de Robespierre , the holding of church services was increasingly allowed again and the expulsion law against the clergy was repealed. However, the state salaries for clergy ceased from February 21, 1795, the congregations had been prohibited from maintaining religious buildings and priests who refused to oath were incarcerated. When the Directory came to power in 1795, the priesthood was tightened again as the Catholic clergy were seen as inveterate monarchists. Concerned for their lives, the Saarlouis clerics now swore Nicolas Fourmann (Augustinian), Christoph Heil (Augustinian recollect), Jean Poue / Porer (Augustinian recollect), Johannes Broich (world priest), Matthias Leistenschneider ( Bernhardiner ), Nikolaus Krantz (Augustinian ), Jean Reneault (Augustiner Rekollekt), the Augustiner Dupreux and the nun Maria Gusenburger took the required oath before the Saarlouis city administration.

With the overthrow of the Directory in 1799, the imprisoned clergy were released and the emigrants were allowed to return. The tightened oath of the board of directors was no longer required. By order of Napoleon, the churches were allowed to reopen from January 1800. However, on August 13, 1801, the Metz prefect Jean-Victor Colchen (1751-1830) issued an order to all mayors of the Moselle department, expelled priests who secretly held services in private houses and their helpers to be reported immediately. Officially, St. Ludwig remained orphaned for pastoral purposes until 1802.

Concordat of 1801 and Congress of Vienna

Only after the conclusion of the 1801 Concordat between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII in Paris was Saarlouis officially able to receive pastoral care again. On 28th Messidor X (17th July 1802) all Catholic clergy in the region who had approved the Concordat had to appear for the solemn inauguration of the new Metz bishop Pierre-François Bienaymé in Metz Cathedral . Sarrelibre / Saarlouis remained (until 1817) with the diocese of Metz, to which it was added in 1790 after it was separated from the archdiocese of Trier. Together with St. Ludwig, the auxiliary parishes of Berus , Differten , Hülzweiler , Fraulautern , Schaffhausen , Lisdorf , Neuforweiler (Bourg-Dauphin), Roden and Püttlingen were also affected in the canton of Sarrelibre / Saarlouis . The first holy mass in the Ludwigskirche after the turmoil of the French Revolution was celebrated on May 13, 1803. 45 pastors from the four cantons of Sarrelibre / Saarlouis, Tholey , Rehlingen and Bouzonville took the state oath in the hands of the sub-prefect of Thionville (Diedenhofen), which was stipulated in the Concordat. On September 5, 1803, after 20 years, the first Confirmation was again donated in St. Ludwig by the Metz bishop Pierre-François Bienaymé. The reintroduction of the Catholic cult was celebrated in Saarlouis together with Napoleon's birthday party on the 15th and 16th. April 1804 with the bells and a solemn procession to Lisdorf and back, in which the priests of the area also took part. The celebrations, during which the revolutionary calendar was suspended and the old calendar reinstated, dragged on for a whole month.

The tower and roof of the church were repaired in 1805 by the Tholeyer building contractor Nikolaus Schmit.

With the Congress of Vienna and the Second Peace of Paris on November 20, 1815, Saarlouis came to the Kingdom of Prussia . During a stay in Saarbrücken, on November 27, 1815 , the Prussian State Chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg granted the Appellate Councilor Mathias Simon, who was in the Prussian service and who had previously acted as a judge in Trier, the power to use the new area under the title of "Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine" Incorporate Kingdom of Prussia. The French garrison left the city on December 1, 1815 and the white lily banner of the Bourbons was lowered from the church tower of St. Ludwig. The fortress Saarlouis and its surrounding area were owned by Simon on December 2, 1815 as part of a celebration in St. Ludwig with the singing of the prayer "Salvum fac regem", this time referring to the ruler of Prussia, in the possession of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. taken.

The city councilors were sworn in on January 2, 1816 in the Saarlouis parish church of St. Ludwig. On January 18, 1816, the anniversary of the self-coronation of Brandenburg's Elector Friedrich in Königsberg as “King in Prussia” (January 18, 1701), the Prussian eagle was attached to the commandant's office amid bells ringing and the Te Deum being sung.

Reintegration of the parish into the diocese of Trier

With the papal bull De salute animarum ( lat. : To the good of souls) of 16 July 1821 put Pope Pius VII. As part of the Neuumschreibung the Catholic dioceses in Germany after the Congress of Vienna in the reorganization of dioceses and ecclesiastical provinces in Prussia firmly . Since the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) did not clarify church matters and the church provinces were to be aligned with the inner-Prussian borders, the circumstances of the Catholic Church in Prussia were reorganized with the Circumcription Bull . Saarlouis was reassigned to the diocese of Trier . In 1828 Saarlouis became the seat of a deanery with 35 parishes through the Trier bishop Joseph von Hommer . The Saarlouis deanery was divided into the two deaneries Saarlouis and Lebach in 1865. The Church of St. Ludwig also served as a garrison church for the Catholic members of the Prussian garrison .

In 1829 a new marble high altar was built in the church, which was made by the Metz sculptor Auguste Pioche for 3200 francs. Presumably, this measure removed the baroque gilded communion relief. It was only rediscovered in the parsonage attic in 1934 by the art historian Walter Zimmermann . The old high altar, which was last gilded by Franz Gannal in 1734 and consecrated to the Most Holy Trinity, was sold to the parish in Niedaltdorf in 1829 for 280 francs.

In 1832 the side altars (Holy Cross Altar, Mother of God Altar) and the baroque oil painting "The Holy Family" by Dupuy were restored.

A detailed inventory is still available from 1847. Accordingly, the marble high altar with tabernacle and expositorium was consecrated to St. Peter, the right side altar to the Virgin and Mother of God, and the left to St. Anthony of Padua . The church possessed a wide range of oil paintings on canvas. A total of 13 paintings are named. While the painting “Apotheosis of St. Ludwig” adorned the high altar, the paintings “The Holy Family” and “St. Anthony” were attached to the side. The Antonius picture has not survived. Nine statues of saints were purchased in 1830. The gilded communion relief is not listed in the inventory.

Garrison parish

During the Prussian period, the parish priests of St. Ludwig were responsible for the pastoral care of the Catholic military members (baptism, burial, marriages, hospital visits , last rites , religious lectures at the penal section , giving religious instruction to the soldiers' children). Since the royal Prussian military and church ordinance of February 12, 1832, civil clergymen have been remunerated for their military chaplaincy with the usual pride fees . An annual rent was paid by the Catholic garrison community for the use of the parish church of St. Ludwig as the garrison church of the Saarlouis fortress. The division pastor came from Trier especially to hold the Easter and autumn confessions. The Catholic regiments were taken to the parish church every Sunday to take part in Holy Mass.

According to the Prussian military church order of 1832, children of Protestant military members had to be baptized Protestants even if they had a Catholic mother, which was often the case in Saarlouis. Otherwise the Protestant military pastor in Koblenz had to give his place. Mostly, however, the dimissorial was denied. However, the Catholic Church was not granted this right. In addition, Protestant military members were put under pressure by their superiors to only allow pastoral care services to be carried out by Protestant clergy in mixed-denominational marriages. Children mixed sectarian or purely Catholic marriages of the Catholic Church to alienate them was adopted school fees when visiting the Protestant parochial school and paid for by the Prussian state, while the Catholic school forced against payment was.

When the recruits were sworn in , the respective garrison pastors were obliged to point out the sanctity of the oath of allegiance to the Prussian king in the so-called oath sermon. All Catholic military members had to be buried in the evangelical garrison cemetery in the event of their death on duty. In the first decades immediately after the Prussian takeover of the Saarlouis Fortress, the Catholic pastoral care offer was hardly accepted. It was not until the second half of the 19th century that soldiers' attendance at services improved. However, the vast majority of the officers refused to confess and to take communion.

The parish church and rectory were owned by the City of Saarlouis, which also paid for the building maintenance, the church singers and the organist. It was not until March 14, 1880 that the building became the property of the parish. The congregation was able to record income through collections, foundations, bequests, voluntary donations and through the church tithe.

In the years 1703 to 1706 the so-called Bürgerwald was cut down under the new spell of Beaumarais and the newly gained land was distributed to the citizens of Saarlouis. Citizens had to deliver a bushel of oats for every morning they received. Half of the tithe in this area belonged to the city and the other half to the pastor of Beaumarais. On August 26, 1698, the city gave its share to the parish church to finance the religious cult. In 1761 the civil parish administration tried to get the tithe income back because, according to its declaration to the artistic director in Metz, it was in a precarious financial position. However, the city's application was rejected in Metz. A second attempt to transfer the tithe right back was made by the city in 1765 and also failed. The church tithe continued to be auctioned every year in favor of the church treasury of St. Ludwig. This tithe auction usually took place in June or July of each year. The point in time was set at a date at which one could roughly estimate the quality of the crop yields. Depending on the yield, the part of the harvest to be delivered was reduced to the ten tenant. The last tithe auction in favor of the parish church took place on July 4, 1790, although the ecclesiastical tithe right in France by the night session of the National Assembly on 4/5 August 1789 had been repealed in principle. Due to the revolutionary conditions, however, on Martini Day 1790, the traditional deadline, the income was not transferred to the church calculator but to the Saarlouiser Hospital. Although the National Assembly had called for a replacement for the church tithing which had been canceled with regard to the costs of worship, the maintenance of the church workers, the sacred and pastoral building maintenance and welfare, it did not make any concrete proposals for covering the costs.

Church clock

The first church tower clock was set up in 1704 by the Trier watchmaker Jean Becker with a quarter-hour strike. As early as 1727, Johann Loup / Wolf from Forbach prepared a cost estimate for a new building at a price of 270 francs plus the material of the old clock, which he estimated at 120 francs. In the following year, however, a new Saarlouis church tower clock was finally created by Francois de Thionville for the sum of 600 francs plus the material of the old clock, which was now estimated at 200 francs.

organ

Whoever installed the first organ in the newly built nave has not yet been booked. A repair invoice from the master organ builder Jacob Bramer from Kornelimünster in the amount of 360 francs has only survived for 1706 . Perhaps Bramer was also the builder of the first organ. Another repair in the amount of 300 francs is documented for the year 1766 by the organ builder Bartholomäus Chevreux from Bouzonville . The organ was next repaired in 1806 for 1,100 francs by an organ builder Geiß.

Pew permissions

The seats in the church were regulated by special occupancy rights. As the builder of the church, the French King Louis XIV had given the pews in St. Ludwig to individual families, to members of the city administration as well as to military and judicial dignitaries of the fortress city. Bank authorizations for foreigners or non-Catholics were not provided. Until the French Revolution, the rights of the place were passed on from generation to generation after obtaining the permission of the church council. When a place owner died, the descendant had to pay a recognition fee (droit de mutation) in favor of the church treasury since a court ruling from 1730. In addition, the sale, exchange or rental of church spaces without the consent of the church council was strictly prohibited. The two front benches to the right and left of the high altar were reserved for the clergy and the church jury.

Again and again, bitter hostilities broke out over the allocation of the pews, which were even carried out in court, such as the pew trials in 1765 and 1788. In 1783 there was a dispute between the Saarlouis military authority and the city administration over the occupation of the pews. The military forbade city councilors from sharing the military benches and underlined this order by setting up a sentry in the church. The city council contradicted this by insisting that the three choir stalls used by the military were owned by the city. The last lease of the pews took place in 1791 when 19 pews in the church were rented out. Five of them were in the Chapel of Our Lady and one in the Chapel of St. Anthony, which was granted to the General Provisioner of the French Army de Lasalle. According to an episcopal ordinance of the 25th level of the year XII (January 16, 1804), all previous banking authorizations should expire and only continue to exist with the explicit approval of the Council of Churches. Thereupon the church council decided on the 4th Pluviôse of the year XIII (January 24th, 1805) to raise a fee of three francs for a new place. Only after the fee was paid did you have the right to transfer the seat to a third party by donating or selling it. When a person entitled to a seat moved away, the seat fell back to the parish.

In 1854 there was a dispute between the church and the city administration regarding the city benches on both sides of the high altar. After the French Revolution, the members of the city council had tacitly taken the pews previously used by the members of the district court. When the parish wanted to lease these seats again and closed the bank entrances to the city council members, the city council protested vigorously and demanded that the seats be released. In order to emphasize the official request, the city posted a city messenger on the pews, who was only supposed to let the councilors into the stalls and to refuse entry to any other person. With reference to the law of the civil code by the local government, the parish finally gave in and gave the councils their place of honor.

While the price of the seats leased from the church administration remained moderate, the private bank owners increased their seat fees to third parties increasingly since the 1830s, so that private banks cost twice as much as those that were allocated by the parish. Therefore, starting in 1860, in the week before the Peter and Paul Festival (June 29), the seats were auctioned off to the highest bidder.

The bank authorizations were revised in 1892. The reason was that a woman authorized to bank had died and the church factory had been offered the seat for the foundation of a soul mass. The episcopal approval had also been requested for this. The Trier General Vicariate made the following decision on November 29, 1892:

“We want to recognize as legally valid all banking authorizations that are currently still valid, insofar as they are due to real members of the parish. On the other hand, the rights of persons who do not belong to the parish must be regarded as having expired. However, in order to show consideration for those persons who have rented the chairs in good faith from outsiders, they should be allowed to use the chairs until the end of the period for which they have paid the rent. For the future, no new sale of banking authorizations that takes place through wills, gifts, purchases, exchanges or leases or through any other legal transaction between the living may be recognized or approved. On the other hand, the entitlement passes to the widow of the person entitled and to his children or intestinal heirs belonging to the parish as soon as the usual recognition fee has been paid and the church council has agreed to the transition (sic!). "

The episcopal decision did not come into force until July 1, 1894, due to attempts by the Saarlouis church council. Bank owners should still be given the opportunity to sell their old authorizations.

The traditional auction of the seats came to an end on July 1, 1930 by resolution of the church council and the church council. The old bank authorizations were still retained. However, they were only legally binding if those entitled had taken their places by the beginning of the service. If this was not the case, the eligibility for the duration of the service expired.

More information on the history of the parish:

literature

  • Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985.
  • Catholic parish office of St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis . Erolzheim 1960.
  • Jörg Sonnet: 330 years of the parish church of St. Ludwig Saarlouis (1685–2015) . In: Our home. Bulletin of the Saarlouis district for culture and landscape , volume 40, issue 1, 2015, pp. 28–34.
  • Dieter Zell: St. Ludwig, Guide and History , ed. from the parish of St. Ludwig, o.O. 1990.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Josef Niessen: On the history of the church in the middle Saar , in: Saar Atlas , edited and edited on behalf of the Saar Research Association by Hermann Overbeck and Georg Wilhelm Sante, in conjunction with Hermann Aubin, Otto Maull and Franz Steinbach, Gotha 1934, p 49–54, here p. 52.
  2. ↑ Son of Jean Dumas and Gabriele Henry.
  3. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 11.
  4. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 12.
  5. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis , Erolzheim 1960, p. 4; Georg Baltzer: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings , Part one: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis, Part two: Historical notes on the immediate vicinity of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, part 1, Pp. 111-112.
  6. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 13.
  7. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, p. 15 gives the length only 103 feet.
  8. ↑ Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town of Saarlouis, undated 1980, p. 6.
  9. ↑ Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town of Saarlouis, o. O. 1980, pp. 6-7.
  10. ↑ Roland Henz u. Jo Enzweiler (ed.): Saarlouis Stadt und Stern / Sarrelouis - Ville et Étoile , text: Oranna Dimmig, translation into French: Anne-Marie Werner, Saarbrücken 2011, p. 68.
  11. ^ Ludwig Karl Balzer: Saarlouis, The royal hexagon, building the fortress city in the time of the Sun King , Saarbrücken 2001, p. 343.
  12. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis and its Immediate Surroundings , Part One: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis, Part Two: Historical Notes on the Immediate Surroundings of Saarlouis, reprint of the 1865 edition, Dillingen / Saar 1979, Part 1 , Pp. 112-113; Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, p. 14.
  13. ^ Ludwig Karl Balzer: Saarlouis, The royal hexagon, building the fortress city in the time of the Sun King , Saarbrücken 2001, p. 343.
  14. ↑ At that time a burial place cost 100 livres . Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, p. 14.
  15. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis and its Immediate Surroundings , Part One: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis, Part Two: Historical Notes on the Immediate Surroundings of Saarlouis, reprint of the 1865 edition, Dillingen / Saar 1979, Part 1 , P. 113.
  16. ^ Ludwig Karl Balzer: Saarlouis, The royal hexagon, building the fortress city in the time of the Sun King , Saarbrücken 2001, pp. 343-344.
  17. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 14-15.
  18. ↑ Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town of Saarlouis, o. O. 1980, p. 9.
  19. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis , Erolzheim 1960, pp. 4–5.
  20. ↑ The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts , edited by Walter Zimmermann, 2nd edition, Saarbrücken 1976, p. 259.
  21. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis and its Immediate Surroundings , Part One: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis, Part Two: Historical Notes on the Immediate Surroundings of Saarlouis, reprint of the 1865 edition, Dillingen / Saar 1979, Part 1 , P. 116.
  22. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, pp. 17-18.
  23. ↑ The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts , edited by Walter Zimmermann, 2nd edition, Saarbrücken 1976, p. 259.
  24. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 51.
  25. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, pp. 51-52.
  26. ^ Decrees of the French National Assembly of January 15, February 16, February 26, 1790.
  27. ↑ Jakob Marx : History of the Archbishopric Trier as Electorate and Archdiocese from the earliest times to the year 1816 , Volume V, Trier 1858–1864, p. 252 ff., P. 43 ff., P. 439 ff.
  28. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 51.
  29. ↑ according Delges: City Archives Saar Louis , II, 51,003th
  30. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, Part I, p. 54.
  31. ^ Municipal record book N, VI, pp. 194/198.
  32. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, a second part was added by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, a third part was added by Marga Blasius in 1985, Part I, pp. 57-59.
  33. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, pp. 52–54.
  34. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, pp. 65–67.
  35. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 60.
  36. ↑ Johann Guitienne was pastor in Fremersdorf on the Saar from 1794 until his death in 1814 .
  37. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, pp. 59–60.
  38. ^ German translation from French based on: Severin Delges: History of the Catholic Parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 61 according to the decision books of the Saarlouis city administration 1790/92, p. 96.
  39. ↑ The re-naming in Saarlouis took place gradually and was completed around 1810.
  40. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis and its Immediate Surroundings , Part One: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis, Part Two: Historical Notes on the Immediate Surroundings of Saarlouis, reprint of the 1865 edition, Dillingen / Saar 1979, Part 1 , Pp. 116-117.
  41. ↑ Registre des séances de l'administration du département, L88, f ° 53-55, et registreiencesacoustic du tribunal criminel, 1792-16 brumaire an IV, f ° 110, (Arch.dép. Des Deux-Sèvres); Antonin Proust, la Justice révolutionnaire à Niort, 2e édition; p. XIV, 29-31, 132, 156-157.
  42. ↑ Alfred Largeault, Revue de l'Ouest, n ° du 4 avril 1893.- Vicomte de Lastic Saint-Jal, l'Eglise et la Révolution à Niort.
  43. ^ Georg Baltzer: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis and its immediate area, Trier 1865, p. 189; saarland-biografien.de ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on November 12, 2015.
  44. ^ Charles Mullié: Biography of the célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850 . Paris 1852; saarland-biografien.de ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on November 12, 2015.
  45. ↑ > Dictionnaire Biographique des Généraux & Amiraux Francais de la Révolution et de l'Empire 1792–1814 , Vol. 1. Paris 1934; saarland-biografien.de ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on November 12, 2015.
  46. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 71; Catholic parish office of St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis . Erolzheim 1960, pp. 8–9.
  47. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, pp. 71-72.
  48. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings . First part: historical notes about the city of Saarlouis, second part: historical notes about the immediate vicinity of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, part 1, p. 118.
  49. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings . First part: historical notes about the city of Saarlouis, second part: historical notes about the immediate vicinity of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, part 1, p. 116.
  50. ↑ It is unclear whether the work of art served as a predella or an antependium in the Baroque period. Its use as a predella might have hindered the possibility of displaying a tabernacle on the high altar.
  51. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings . First part: historical notes about the city of Saarlouis, second part: historical notes about the immediate vicinity of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, part I, p. 54.
  52. ↑ Catholic Parish Office St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (Ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis . Erolzheim 1960, pp. 8-9; Georg Baltzer: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings , Part one: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis, Part two: Historical notes on the immediate vicinity of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, part 1, P. 118.
  53. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 73.
  54. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 76.
  55. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis and its Immediate Surroundings , Part One: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis, Part Two: Historical Notes on the Immediate Surroundings of Saarlouis, reprint of the 1865 edition, Dillingen / Saar 1979, Part 1 , P. 119.
  56. ↑ Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town Saarlouis, o. O. 1980, p. 2 Georg Baltzer: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings , Part one: Historical notes on the city of Saarlouis, Part two: Historical notes on the immediate vicinity of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, part 1, P. 119; Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 77.
  57. ↑ State Main Archives Koblenz 442 - 6346, sheet 51.
  58. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part I, p. 84.
  59. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, p. 85.
  60. ↑ Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town of Saarlouis, o. O. 1980, p. 2.
  61. ↑ Saarforschungsgemeinschaft (ed.): The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts , edited by Walter Zimmermann, 2nd, unchanged edition, Saarbrücken 1976, p. 259; Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town of Saarlouis, o. O. 1980, p. 11.
  62. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, p. 85.
  63. ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacral buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland ( publications by the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland , vol. 40), Saarbrücken 2002. pp. 328–329, 567, here p. 328; Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town of Saarlouis, o. O. 1980, pp. 1-10.
  64. ↑ Michael Thome (Red.): Art in the church space Saarlouis 1100–1980, development of church art, catalog for the exhibition in the Städtisches Museum Saarlouis from October 18 to November 9, 1980 , ed. from the district town of Saarlouis, o. O. 1980, pp. 8–9.
  65. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, a second part was added by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, a third part was added by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 150–153.
  66. ↑ Catholic Parish Office St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis , Erolzheim 1960, pp. 6-7.
  67. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, Part I, pp. 22-28.
  68. ↑ Conclusion of the contract on May 17, 1704, based on: Severin Delges: History of the Catholic Parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, p. 16.
  69. ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis and its Immediate Surroundings , Part One: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis, Part Two: Historical Notes on the Immediate Surroundings of Saarlouis, Reprint of the 1865 edition, Dillingen / Saar 1979, Part 1 , P. 115.
  70. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 16-17.
  71. ↑ Origin of Frankenthal or Zweibrucken to: Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 16-17; Georg Baltzer: Historical notes about the city of Saarlouis and its immediate surroundings . First part: historical notes about the city of Saarlouis, second part: historical notes about the immediate vicinity of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, part 1, pp. 115–116.
  72. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, Part I, pp. 37–41, pp. 112–113.
  73. ↑ Meant is a legal inheritance of a testator who has left no will
  74. ^ Catholic parish office of St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis , Erolzheim 1960, p. 8; Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, Part I, pp. 37–41, pp. 90–92, 112-113.

Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 57.8 "  N , 6 ° 45 ′ 5.4"  E