Batman (album)
| Batman | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince's studio album | |||||||||||
|
Publication |
|||||||||||
|
admission |
June 1988 - March 1989 |
||||||||||
| Label (s) | Warner Bros. Records | ||||||||||
|
Format (s) |
LP, CD, MC |
||||||||||
|
Title (number) |
9 |
||||||||||
|
running time |
42:32 |
||||||||||
| occupation |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Studio (s) |
Paisley Park Studio ( Chanhassen ) |
||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
Batman ( English for bat man ) is the eleventh studio album by the American musician Prince . It was released on June 19, 1989 on the Warner Bros. Records label and serves as the soundtrack for the eponymous film Batman . The music on the album belongs to the genres R&B , dance , funk and pop music . Music critics rated the album differently; Praise and critical voices were roughly in balance. Clare Fischer and Sheena Easton will be performing as musical guests .
From a commercial point of view, Batman achieved double platinum status in the US and reached number one on the US album hit parade - it was similarly successful in Europe. With 5 million records sold, the album became Prince's best-selling album worldwide after 1999 (1982), Purple Rain (1984) and Diamonds and Pearls (1991). The world tour, called Nude Tour, was also commercially successful and was attended by a total of 900,000 people.
Emergence
In October 1988, filming of the film Batman began with director Tim Burton , who contacted Albert Magnoli, Prince's manager at the time, in mid-December. Burton had integrated the Prince songs 1999 (1982) and Baby, I'm a Star (1984) in a rough cut . Since, in his opinion, the songs in the film stood out well, Prince was asked to write new songs as well.
Originally, the music in the film was supposed to be from both Prince and Michael Jackson - Prince's music should be assigned to " the bad guys " and Jackson's music to " the good guys " in the movie. But while filming, film producer Jon Peters decided on a consistent approach and decided to use only Prince's music in the film.
At Warner Bros. Records ' top management level , Prince's commitment to the film was supported because many employees felt that Batman would become very successful, which would give his musical career a commercial boost. Some Warner Bros. employees felt that Prince needed another hit with the album Lovesexy after the commercial disappointment in the USA . In addition, Prince - after Purple Rain (1984), Under The Cherry Moon (1986) and Sign O 'the Times (1987) - would have better chances of re-entering the film business, which was very appealing to him at the time.
On January 20, 1989, Prince flew to London with Albert Magnoli to meet Tim Burton. Together they watched the film set of Gotham City in the Pinewood Studios , where Michael Keaton (as Bruce Wayne) and Kim Basinger (as Vicki Vale) were shooting a scene together. Burton showed Prince and Magnoli another 20-minute footage that Prince seemed very impressed with. The next day, Prince, Magnoli, Burton and Mark Canton - then chairman of the film division of Warner Bros. Pictures - met for lunch. Burton asked Prince for only two songs, as Warner Bros. had already hired composer Danny Elfman for the film music . But Prince offered a full album as he was very convinced of the Batman concept . Warner Bros. Pictures was also convinced of the concept and ultimately decided to release two soundtracks for the Batman film , Prince and Elfman . Prince actually wanted to start recording the new album straight away, but the Japanese part of the lovesexy tour was due in early February 1989. Since the US-American part of the tour had developed as a loss-making business, Prince completed the planned concerts in Japan.
Prince recorded three songs from the Batman album in 1988; Electric Chair in June, Scandalous in October, and Vicki Waiting in December. Vicki Waiting was originally called Anna Waiting because Prince wrote this song for his girlfriend at the time, Anna Garcia - stage name is Anna Fantastic. According to Garcia, Prince asked her if he could revise and rename the song for the Batman album . From February 15, 1989 to the end of March 1989, Prince then recorded the remaining six songs on the album within six weeks. Originally he chose the song Still Would Stand All Time instead of Scandalous , but in the end he decided to place the song on the follow-up album Graffiti Bridge (1990). Similar to his studio albums For You (1978), Prince (1979), Dirty Mind (1980) and Controversy (1981), Prince recorded almost all of the instruments on Batman himself.
While Prince was writing songs for the Batman album , Tim Burton sent him rough cuts from the film, from which Prince took dialogues in order to integrate them into some of his songs as samples . At the end of February 1989, Prince showed the film producers a compilation of eleven songs that he had written for Batman . Instead of Baby, I'm a Star , he had placed 200 balloons - later the B-side of the single Batdance - and in 1999 he had replaced the song Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic ; However, this met with little enthusiasm and approval from the film producers. Prince then recorded the songs Trust and Partyman and replaced them for 200 Ballons and Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic . He later revised the song Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic in Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic and named an album after it in 1999. Prince also recorded the song Dance with the Devil for the album Batman , which he found to be too gloomy and was eventually replaced by Batdance . Batdance was the last song Prince recorded for Batman . The song was originally nine minutes long, but shortened it to six minutes.
In the end, only the songs Partyman and Trust are prominent in the film, while Scandalous can be heard in the credits .
Design of the cover
On the front of the album cover , the Batman logo is depicted in orange outlines on a black background, i.e. in a form similar to that on the left in the photo. The song titles are printed in white on the back of the album cover; In addition, the names of the film's main actors and the members of the film staff are printed in purple .
The LP edition contains four portrait photos in the inner sleeve ; one each from Batman, The Joker, Vicki Vale and Prince. The eight-page booklet of the CD edition also contains eight additional photos from the film Batman . The ten-page booklet of the Batcan CD special edition has different film photos than the conventional booklet; for example, the special edition contains a different photo of Prince than the one on the LP inner sleeve and the CD booklet. The lyrics are printed in all editions.
music
On the Batman album , Prince combines different musical styles; The Future is from the genre funk and Electric Chair is a rock - funk song. The Arms of Orion and Scandalous are from the music genre R&B , with Prince singing in his typical falsetto voice. Partyman , Trust , Lemon Crush and Batdance come from the dance music genre . Vicki Waiting is a mid-tempo pop music song . The songs The Future , Partyman , Vicki Waiting , Trust and Batdance contain samples of movie quotes from the movie Batman , which are spoken by Michael Keaton , Kim Basinger and Jack Nicholson .
List of titles and publications
| No. | song | author | length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The future | Prince | 4:07 |
| 2 | Electric chair | Prince | 4:08 |
| 3 |
The Arms of Orion (duet with Sheena Easton ) |
Prince | 5:02 |
| 4th | Party man | Prince | 3:11 |
| 5 | Vicki Waiting | Prince | 4:52 |
| 6th | Trust | Prince | 4:23 |
| 7th | Lemon crush | Prince | 4:15 |
| 8th | Scandalous | Prince, John L. Nelson | 6:15 |
| 9 | Bat dance | Prince | 6:13 |
Batman was released on June 19, 1989 in the UK and a day later in the US. The album has been released as a compact disc , compact cassette , record , vinyl picture disc and in a special edition limited to 20,000 units as Batcan . The Batcan is a 5 ″ format, black circular metal box that contains the CD and the booklet .
According to Liner Notes , the songs on Batman are sung from the perspective of one or more characters in the film: The Future and Scandalous by Batman , Electric Chair , Partyman and Trust by Joker , The Arms of Orion by Bruce Wayne and his girlfriend Vicki Vale, Vicki Waiting by Bruce Wayne, Lemon Crush by Vicki Vale and Batdance by Batman, Bruce Wayne, Vicki Vale, Joker and Gemini, invented by Prince.
Gemini
On the occasion of the film Batman Prince created the character Gemini ( English for twins ). Gemini represents a dual personality from the characters Batman and Joker in the fight between the good and the bad . The character Gemini only appears in Prince's music videos Batdance and Partyman and is played by himself; Gemini does not appear in the film.
Single releases
Five songs were released as a single from the album; On June 6, 1989 Batdance was released as a pre-release. On the B-side is the then unreleased song 200 Balloons , which can also be heard in the film. Partyman was released as the second single on August 18th. The B-side is the then unreleased song Feel U Up , which Prince placed in 1986 on his ultimately unreleased album Camille . The original version of Feel U Up from 1981 can be heard posthumously on the album 1999 Deluxe (2019). On October 16, The Arms of Orion was released as the third single, the B-side is the song I Love U in Me , which was previously unreleased.
Scandalous! was released on November 28, 1989 as the fourth single and the B-side is When 2 R in Love , which can be found on the album Lovesexy (1988) and later on the Black Album (1994). The single was not released worldwide. On October 1, 1989, Prince reworked the song Scandalous! and composed a 19-minute version called The Scandalous Sex Suite , which he divided into three musical sections with The Crime , The Passion and The Rapture . Actress Kim Basinger took on some backing vocals and a lot of moans. Prince also wanted Basinger to star in his film Graffiti Bridge (1990), which he refused. The maxi single The Scandalous Sex Suite was released as an EP on December 1st .
On May 18, 1990, The Future was released as the fifth and final single , which was also not released worldwide. The Future is the first Prince single to be heard as the A-side in a remix version and not as a shortened album version. William Orbit was responsible for the remix and B-side is the song Electric Chair .
Music videos
Although five songs from the Batman album were released as a single, music videos were only produced for the three songs Batdance , Partyman and Scandalous . The videos of Batdance and Partyman are directed by Albert Magnoli, then Prince's manager and director of the film Purple Rain (1984). Artwork from the movie Batman was not used in Prince's music videos.
The music video for Batdance was filmed in a film studio in Los Angeles , California , on May 27th and 28th, 1989 . The choreography is by Barry Lather, who hired 15 Batman, Joker and Vicki Vale dancers. Prince created his own storyline for this music video and appears as the person Gemini . Apart from the album version, which exists as a music video, two other videos have been produced for Batdance ; on the one hand as The Batmix , on the other hand as Vicki Vale Mix . Both music videos are official music videos and not bootlegs , as is sometimes believed.
On August 14, 1989, the music video for Partyman was filmed at Culver Studios in Los Angeles. Candy Dulfer and drummer Michael Bland appear for the first time in Prince's backing band, who was one of the founding members of The New Power Generation in late 1990 . Prince himself appears again in the music video in the person of Gemini. In the framework of the music video, Gemini arrives just in time for a party at which all the guests were previously bored. Since all the guests drink the water that Gemini had previously poisoned, all guests died at the end of the video. Then Gemini announces: "This ain't over yet" (German: "This is not over yet"). But in the following years, Prince no longer appeared in person as Gemini. The music video for Partyman was shot in the maxi version The Video Mix .
The music video for Scandalous is kept very simple; Prince performs in a studio, dances and rubs himself in front of a microphone stand - there are no visual distractions from his performance. In the music video, he wears a red jumpsuit , which he also wears on the cover of the single. The video was directed by Craig Rice (* 1948), who worked with Prince from 1983 to 1992.
Cover versions
Occasionally musicians recorded cover versions of songs from the Batman album ; The Future covered David Byrne in 1994, Uwe Schmidt under his pseudonym Lassigue Bendthaus in 1998, Ugress in 2008 and AboutNZo in 2011. Electric Chair took JPWeb in 2003, Wallace Roney & Kenny Garrett with Bob Belden for the Blue Note Records label re-launched in 2006 and Divine Empire in 2007. The Arms of Orion was re-recorded by Keff McCulloch in 1991, by Bob Belden in 1994, and by the Soundstar Orchestra in 2003. McCulloch also added Trust in 1991. Shango covered Partyman in 1995. Scandalous was reinterpreted by Danny Elfman in 1989 and Ryō Kawasaki in 1994. Batdance was re-recorded by the Allen Toussaint Orchestra in 1989, the Andromeda Project in 1990, and Scoobie Do in 2006.
Nude tour
| Typical setlist of the nude tour from June 2, 1990 - September 10, 1990 |
|
|---|---|
|
|
| All songs are authored by Prince , unless otherwise stated |
A year after the release of Batman , Prince went on a world tour, which he called Nude Tour ( English for act ). It was the first time in his career that Prince went on tour without having released a new album; Batman was released in June 1989 and the follow-up album Graffiti Bridge not until the end of August 1990. The European part of the Nude Tour began on June 2, 1990 in Rotterdam in De Kuip and ended on August 24 in London at Wembley Arena . Drummer Michael Bland said after Prince's death in 2016: “Prince wanted to play 16 concerts at Wembley Arena because Dire Straits had sold out 11 concerts. The promoter said, 'Prince, you are crazy!' And Prince replied, 'Book the concerts.' And guess what? All were sold out. "
Prince gave 51 concerts in Europe and five concerts in Japan from August 30 to September 10, 1990. In total, the 56 concerts were attended by 900,000 people. The capacity of the arenas was between 5,000 and 15,000 seats - Prince also occasionally appeared in stadiums with a larger audience capacity. As David Bowie , Madonna , The Rolling Stones and Tina Turner were on tour alongside Prince in the summer of 1990 , several Prince concerts were not sold out and were relocated to smaller halls. The length of the concert varied between 80 and 115 minutes. Prince's backing band consisted of the following eight members during the Nude Tour:
- Damon Dickson - dancer
- Dr. Fink (civil: Matthew Robert Fink) - Keyboard
- Kirk Johnson - dancer
- Levi Seacer Jr. - bass
- Michael Bland - drums
- Miko Weaver - acoustic guitar
- Rosie Gaines - vocals and keyboard
- Tony Mosley - dancer and rapper
Tony Mosley occasionally added the rap passage from the then unreleased Prince song The Flow (1992) to the opening song The Future on the Nude Tour , and Partyman occasionally included the songs The Humpty Dance (1990) from Digital Underground and lyrics by What Have You Done for Me Lately (1986) by Janet Jackson . In addition, Prince played at some concerts instead of Ain't No Way and Nothing Compares 2 U the songs A Song for You - written in 1970 by Leon Russel - and Little Red Corvette (1982). When Doves Cry was occasionally played for Controversy (1981) and the song Bambi (1979) Prince also performed occasionally.
Three different musicians acted as the opening act for the European part of the Nude Tour; Mavis Staples , Jenny Morris and Loïs Lane . Originally, Mavis Staples was supposed to play with the support band from the beginning to the end of the Nude Tour, but from the beginning of June she was prevented from doing so, so that the Australian singer Jenny Morris - in her backing band were members of INXS - was selected for Staples. Alannah Myles and Candy Dulfer were also considered as alternatives, but were not accepted by Prince. Towards the end of the nude tour, the Dutch band Loïs Lane finally played as the opening act, with percussionist Martin Verdonk occasionally performing as a guest on Prince's stage.
In November 1989, Candy Dulfer got the offer to join Prince's backing band and to accompany him as a saxophonist on the nude tour. She could also have played a small supporting role in the Prince film Graffiti Bridge (1990). Dulfer turned down these offers, however, because at the end of 1989 - together with David A. Stewart - she was successful with the single Lily Was Here , which earned her a record deal as a solo artist with BMG Music Publishing . She eventually worked on her debut album, Saxuality, and formed the band Funky Stuff.
On August 8, 1990, Prince met his future wife Mayte Garcia for the first time at a concert in Mannheim. He invited her time before the start of the concert in the Maimarkthalle backstage to visit him to sign in the then 16-year-old Garcia for video recordings of her belly dance - choreography to thank personally. Garcia's mother had during the sound check the videotape of her daughter to Prince's backing dancers Kirk Johnson can pass that this was promptly forwarded to Prince.
Rosie Gaines wants to leave Nude Tour
During the nude tour, there were tensions in the interpersonal area between Prince, singer Rosie Gaines and individual band members. Gaines in particular suffered from this situation; In the tour bus, which was mostly occupied by male colleagues, she was teased because of her overweight. In addition, various band members were jealous of Gaines, as she played a prominent role as a background singer on the tour and was often involved in the main vocals. Prince traveled with dancers and bodyguards in a limousine and was little aware of the tensions within the tour bus.
Gaines complained to Gilbert Davison, former bodyguard and then Prince's manager, but the situation did not change. Finally she went straight to Prince and informed him. "He [Prince] never wanted anyone to complain to him about anything," said Gaines. She threatened to leave the band during the tour and possibly sue Prince for the teasing on the tour bus. Then Prince decided to let Gaines ride on the same tour bus as Mavis Staples, who occasionally appeared in the opening act of the tour. “This tour was the worst time of my life. What was going on on the bus had nothing to do with Prince, but neither did he do anything to protect me from it. When his buddies were around, I was just some woman to him. Then he acted like a chauvi and said things like; 'Oh, she's got her rule, ' ”Rosie Gaines said later.
reception
Press
The reviews of the album varied; Roger Morton from the British music magazine New Musical Express highly praised the album Batman and gave it nine out of ten stars. Although there are no songs such as Kiss or Alphabet St. on the album , there is still enough “brilliance” to make the album a “triumph”. Rick Shefchik from the US newspaper St. Paul Pioneer Press gave it the maximum number of four stars and was of the opinion that Prince probably had better individual songs such as Kiss , Sign o 'the Times or I Could in the five years after Purple Rain Never written Takte the Place of Your Man , but not released a better, more self-contained album like Batman . Shefchik also said that Batman could be "the new high point" in Prince's career.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic awarded 3½ out of five stars and wrote that “there are no real classics on the album.” In addition, the album tends to disappear into oblivion after hearing it. Damon Wise of Sounds magazine said Batman was “less of a soundtrack than a psychotic melodrama . Prince's Batman takes place in front of a one-man auditorium, and Prince takes on all the roles. "The US daily Detroit Free Press highlighted the commercial aspect of the album:" Holy hit singles, Batman! Prince did it again! ”For John Parales of the US music magazine Rolling Stone , the suspicion arose that Prince had not written some songs specifically for the movie Batman . Still, Parales gave 3½ out of five stars.
After Prince's death in April 2016, the music journalists Albert Koch and Thomas Weiland from the German music magazine Musikexpress reviewed the album Batman and gave it only two out of six stars. They wrote, among other things, that Prince was " hopelessly underchallenged " with the job as a supplier "for the film Batman " and only offered "anemic dozen items", "which may come from tailings". Only the song The Future is convincing.
Sassan Niasseri from the German edition of the US music magazine Rolling Stone also gave a verdict on Batman after Prince's death . With four and a half stars out of five, he gave almost the maximum number of points and said, among other things, that the opener The Future was "maybe his [Prince] best opening track ever". The transition to the song Electric Chair shows Prince's “next big feat”, as he has “not screamed so loudly” since The Beautiful Ones (1984). He also "turned the guitar to the limit". Also in the song Batdance he worked "his guitar like a metal musician". Batman is one of "the most underrated song soundtracks ever," wrote Niasseri.
Charts and awards
| Charts | Top ranking | Weeks |
|---|---|---|
| Chart placements | ||
 Germany (GfK)
|
3 (25 weeks) | 25th |
 Austria (Ö3)
|
3 (20 weeks) | 20th |
 Switzerland (IFPI)
|
1 (2) (19 weeks) | 19th |
 United Kingdom (OCC)
|
1 (1) (23 weeks) | 23 |
 United States (Billboard)
|
1 (6) (36 weeks) | 36 |
Batman has been sold around 5 million times worldwide and has been awarded gold and platinum status several times internationally:
- US: 2 × platinum for 2,000,000 copies sold on August 29, 1989
- JP: 1 × gold for 100,000 copies sold in September 1989
- UK: 1 × platinum for 300,000 copies sold on November 1, 1989
- CH: 1 × gold for 25,000 copies sold in 1989
- DE: 1 × gold for 250,000 copies sold in 1990
- FR: 2 × platinum for 600,000 copies sold on October 18, 2001
The EP The Scandalous Sex Suite reached number 25 in the Austrian album charts, the EP was not placed in other countries.
| year | Title album |
Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, album , rankings, weeks, awards, notes) |
Remarks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
DE
|
AT
|
CH
|
UK
|
US
|
|||
| 1989 | Bat dance |
DE10 (19 weeks) DE |
AT17 (14 weeks) AT |
CH1 (4) (16 weeks) CH |
UK2  (12 weeks)UK |
US1 (1)  (18 weeks)US |
• UK: July 1, 1989: Silver (200,000+)
• US: August 11, 1989: Platinum (1,000,000+) |
| Party man |
DE32 (11 weeks) DE |
- |
CH25 (5 weeks) CH |
UK14 (6 weeks) UK |
US18th  (10 weeks)US |
• US: November 8, 1989: Gold (500,000+)
|
|
| The Arms of Orion ( duet with Sheena Easton ) | - | - | - |
UK27 (7 weeks) UK |
US36 (14 weeks) US |
||
| Scandalous! | - |
AT17 (2 weeks) AT |
- | UKnvUK | - |
• Not decoupled worldwide
|
|
| 1990 | The future |
DE39 (9 weeks) DE |
- |
CH15 (8 weeks) CH |
UKnvUK | USnvUS |
• Not decoupled worldwide
|
literature
- Mobeen Azhar: Prince 1958–2016: His life in pictures and text. Edition Olms, Oetwil am See / Zurich 2016, ISBN 978-3-283-01265-6 , OCLC 951825985 .
- Jake Brown: Prince In The Studio (1975-1995). Colossus Books, Phoenix 2010, ISBN 978-0-9790976-6-9 , OCLC 276814904 .
- Jason Draper: Prince - Life & Times (Revised & Updated Edition). Chartwell Books, New York 2016, ISBN 978-0-7858-3497-7 .
- Jon Ewing: Prince - CD Books : Carlton Books, Rastatt 1994, ISBN 3-8118-3986-1 , OCLC 75552811 .
- Mayte Garcia : The Most Beautiful Girl: My Life With Prince. mvg Verlag, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-86882-897-9 , OCLC 1014191154 .
- Alex Hahn: Obsessed - Prince's turbulent life . Hannibal Verlag, Höfen 2016, ISBN 978-3-85445-610-0
- Jürgen Seibold : Prince. Verlagsunion Erich Pabel-Arthur Moewig, Rastatt 1991, ISBN 3-8118-3078-3 , OCLC 312007112 .
- Matt Thorne: Prince. Faber and Faber, London 2012, ISBN 978-0-571-27349-2 , OCLC 794814748 .
- Uptown: The Vault - The Definitive Guide to the Musical World of Prince. Nilsen Publishing, Linköping 2004, ISBN 91-631-5482-X , OCLC 186521364 .
- Joseph Vogel: This Thing Called Life: Prince, Race, Sex, Religion, and Music. Bloomsbury Academic, New York 2018, ISBN 978-150-133-397-2 , OCLC 1034764061 .
Web links
- Princevault , information about the Batman album
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Booklet of Prince's Batman CD , Warner Bros. Records, 1989
- ^ Uptown (2004), p. 381.
- ↑ Draper (2016), p. 88.
- ↑ a b c d Uptown (2004), p. 103.
- ↑ a b Hahn (2016), p. 206.
- ↑ a b Uptown (2004), p. 104.
- ^ Uptown (2004), p. 381.
- ↑ Booklet of the CD Rave Un2 The Joy Fantastic by O (+>, BMG Arista / NPG Records, 1999
- ↑ a b Uptown (2004), p. 105.
- ↑ a b Draper (2016), p. 89.
- ↑ a b Stephen Thomas Erlewine: Prince - Batman. In: Allmusic.com. 2017, accessed on March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c Ewing (1994), p. 87.
- ↑ a b c Reviews - Batman. In: Princetext.tripod.com. 1989, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Batman. In: Princevault.com. December 7, 2017, accessed January 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Booklet of the Batcan CD Batman by Prince, Warner Bros. Records, 1989
- ↑ a b c d e Uptown (2004), p. 624.
- ↑ Batdance. In: Princevault.com. February 28, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Uptown (2004), p. 106.
- ↑ Party man. In: Princevault.com. January 4, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c Uptown (2004), p. 108.
- ↑ a b c Uptown (2004), p. 109.
- ↑ Scandalous! In: Princevault.com. January 4, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Seibold (1991), p. 76.
- ^ The Future. In: Princevault.com. January 4, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Booklet of the maxi CD The Future by Prince, Warner Bros. Records, 1989
- ↑ Uptown (2004), p. 107.
- ^ Lu Lippold (TC Daily Planet): The many lives of filmmaker Craig Laurence Rice, Part II. In: tcdailyplanet.net. April 10, 2013, accessed October 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Scandalous. In: Princevault.com. September 23, 2017, accessed October 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Discover the original. In: Coverinfo.de. Retrieved on March 31, 2017 ( Enter Prince in "Search" ).
- ↑ Prince on WhoSampled
- ↑ SecondHandSongs - a cover songs database. In: Secondhandsongs.com. 2017, accessed on March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Uptown (2004), p. 112.
- ↑ Azhar (2016), p. 63
- ^ Uptown (2004), p. 113.
- ↑ Garcia (2017), pp. 88–96.
- ↑ a b Hahn (2016), p. 236.
- ↑ Draper (2016), p. 91.
- ^ ME editors: From the big Prince special - an overview of all albums. In: Musikexpress.de. May 22, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Sassan Niasseri: Prince - Batman. In: RollingStone.de. September 16, 2016, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Prince. officialcharts.de, accessed on February 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Prince. austriancharts.at, accessed on February 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Prince. hitparade.ch, accessed on February 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Prince. officialcharts.com, accessed February 16, 2019 .
- ^ Prince - Chart History. billboard.com, accessed February 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Vogel (2018), p. 17.
- ↑ Gold & Platinum. In: riaa.com. 2016, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Japanese Charts - The newest charts. In: ukmix.org. November 2, 2012, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b BPI - Certified Awards Search. In: bpi.co. 2017, accessed on March 31, 2017 .
- ^ Edelmetall 1989. In: Hitparade-ch. 2017, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Gold / platinum database. In: Musikindustrie.de. 2017, accessed March 31, 2017 .
- ^ Les Certifications depuis 1973. In: Infodisc.fr. March 31, 2017, accessed March 31, 2017 (French).
- ↑ Chart sources: DE AT CH UK US