Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum de Urbe

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Coordinates: 41 ° 54 ′ 17.9 ″  N , 12 ° 29 ′ 29.5 ″  O Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum de Urbe (short name: Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum ) is a result of the merger of the Collegium Germanicum and the Collegium Hungaricum in 1580emerged seminary in Rome .

history

The Collegium Germanicum was on August 31, 1552 by Pope Julius III. founded with the bull Dum sollicita . Cardinal Giovanni Morone and Ignatius von Loyola tried to build it . The latter opened the college on October 28th. The direction was given to Pedro de Ribadeneira . When it was founded, the focus was on defending against the Reformation , improving theological training and developing priests who were faithful to Rome. "Fearless fighters for the faith" should be trained from the areas of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation endangered by the faith, preti riformati ("reformed priests"), d. H. Priests of a new spirit.

Seat until 1798

1580 united Gregory XIII. the Collegium Germanicum with the Collegium Hungaricum founded in 1578 ; since then it has been called Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum de Urbe . It was based at Sant'Apollinare . After the abolition of the Jesuit order in 1773 it was continued by world priests .

Since Emperor Joseph II forbade students from his domain to study in Rome in 1781 and the city was subsequently occupied by French soldiers, the college had to be closed in 1798. Under Pius VII it was reopened at its present location in 1818. In 1824 Pope Leo XII reorganized . the college, tied it even more closely to the Jesuits and gave it its present form. Pope Gregory XVI granted the canton Schwyz a permanent place in the seminary in 1842 .

The San Pastore estate has been owned by the Collegium Germanicum since 1845 and serves as a place of retreat and relaxation.

During the First World War , the college had to be relocated to the Canisianum in Innsbruck from 1915 to 1919 . After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, the college was able to restore its original internationality.

Colloquially, the college is usually simply referred to as "Germanicum". The candidates for the priesthood and former colleagues admitted to the college are therefore also called "Germanicists". They usually attend the Pontifical Gregorian University as students . The Romans also called them gamberi cotti (boiled crabs) or cardinaletti ( little cardinals) because of the traditional cardinal red gowns , which legend has it to remind cardinals of their payment obligations to the college . Annual meetings of the old and young Germanics are attended in large numbers.

Rectors

Well-known alumni

literature

  • Andreas Steinhuber : History of the Collegium Germanicum-Hungaricum in Rome. 2 volumes. Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1896.
  • Johann Dachsberger, Robert Leiber : colleges. In: Lexicon for Theology and Church. 1st edition. 6th volume. Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1934.
  • Peter Schmidt: The Collegium Germanicum in Rome and the Germanicists. On the function of a Roman seminar for foreigners. (1552-1914). Niemeyer, Tübingen 1984, ISBN 3-484-82056-X ( Library of the German Historical Institute in Rome 56).
  • Peter Walter : The founding of the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum: Stages in the history of the college . In: correspondence sheet. Anniversary edition for the 450th anniversary of the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum 2002, pp. 86–113 ( digitized version )
  • Martin Leitgöb: From shepherds to guides . Exploring the self-image of the episcopate in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Germanic Bishops (1837–1962). Herder, Rom et al. 2004, ISBN 3-451-26458-7 ( Roman quarterly for Christian antiquity and church history . Supplement vol. 56), (At the same time: Vienna, Univ., Diss., 2002).
  • Maurizio Tani: La rinascita culturale del '700 ungherese: le arti figurative nella grande committenza ecclesiastica , Gregorian University Press / Biblical BookShop, Rome 2005, ISBN 978-88-7839-018-8 .
  • Correspondence sheet for the Germanicists , later a correspondence sheet for the alumni of the Collegium Germanicum-Hungaricum [1], 1892–71, 1964 ( digitized volumes 1892–1901 )
  • Pontificium Collegium Germanicum Hungaricum. Directory of all students in the college . Appears annually, in 2011 in the 120th edition. Publisher 1977–2014 Nikolaus Wyrwoll and Wilhelm Ott

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Quotes from the founding bull
  2. ^ Stefan Dartmann : Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum in Rome . In: Jesuiten , ISSN  1613-3889 , volume 2017, issue 3, pp. 30–32, quotation p. 30.
  3. ↑ Breve of Pope Gregory XVI. regarding the award of a free place in the Collegium Germanicum in Rome to the Canton of Schwyz. (PDF; 20.66 kB) In: Systematic collection of laws of the Canton of Schwyz. September 23, 1843, accessed October 1, 2019 .
  4. ↑ San Pastore. In: cgu.it. Retrieved October 1, 2019 .
  5. ^ Germaniker-Treffen ( Memento from August 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )