Refugee protests in Germany from 2012

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The refugee protests in Germany from 2012 onwards are a protest by asylum seekers and their supporters against German asylum law and what they consider to be inappropriate treatment of asylum seekers. This protest encompassed a large number of coordinated and uncoordinated individual measures.

Chronology of the actions of the refugees and their supporters

Wurzburg

After the suicide of an Iranian in the Würzburg collective accommodation facility in January 2012, there were initially several demonstrations in the city center. These were the occasion for a nationwide discussion about the accommodation conditions for asylum seekers in Germany. Politicians like Claudia Roth from the Greens or the organization “Karawane” made the particularly rigorous Bavarian asylum policy jointly responsible for the suicide. The district government stressed that the tragic suicide had nothing to do with the placement.

On March 19, 2012, around ten asylum seekers from Iran started a hunger strike in the city center of Würzburg under the headings "CIS strike" and "Iranian refugees on hunger strike". For this purpose, a permanent protest camp was set up in which activists from the Occupy movement also took part. The protest was always accompanied by arguments with the authorities about the admissibility of the protest. The protest camp, which was occupied around the clock, was legally enforced against the will of the city of Würzburg. The city's attempt to ban the hunger strike also failed. After some hunger strikers were hospitalized, a meeting with various politicians and officials took place on April 4, 2012 in the Würzburg town hall. After the first hunger strike, which lasted around three weeks, some of the refugees were granted asylum unusually quickly for humanitarian reasons. The protesters suggested that the protest should be stifled by granting asylum to certain people in order to reduce public awareness. Public authorities massively contradicted this view. The protest camp was maintained.

Since there were no further political reactions despite repeated hunger strikes, several asylum seekers in Würzburg decided in June 2012 to sew up their mouths and go on an intensified hunger strike. The city of Würzburg tried to ban this protest, but failed so both before the Administrative Court Würzburg and before the administrative court in Munich . However, the latter stated that there was nothing to be objected to if the city of Würzburg forbade people who violated the residence obligation to participate in a protest against them. On July 7, 2012, the protesters removed the strings and all but one of the people went on hunger strike again.

Other cities in Bavaria

In April 2012 a petition was sent to the Bavarian State Parliament , in June 2012 an e-petition was sent to the Bundestag .

Due to the ban on numerous asylum seekers who are required to reside in the protest in Würzburg, the protest spread from July to September 2012, particularly to other Bavarian cities. Similar protest camps came into being under the label “Refugee Tent Action”. In many other German cities, protest camps were also set up, albeit under different names. a. in Aub , Bamberg , Passau and Regensburg .

In May 2013 there were further protests in Bavaria by the network "Germany Lagerland", mainly to refer to the problems of the Asylum Seekers Benefits Act. There were demonstrations, rallies and concerts in Aschaffenburg, Augsburg, Bamberg, Landshut, Munich, Passau, Regensburg and Würzburg, among others. Occasionally, refugees wore scraps of white cloth from bed sheets on their upper arms to commemorate the deceased Iranian.

Munich

From March 1 to 3, 2013, the “Refugee Struggle Congress” with over 300 participants took place largely unnoticed by the major media. In particular, the self-administration of the refugees should be strengthened. The congress was led by an “Action Group for Independent Non-Citizen Struggles”, which consisted of five Iranians. The separation of non-citizens (people without a passport or German residence permit) and citizens (people who hold a German passport or German residence permit) received criticism . Separate plenary sessions of the groups created with this theoretical construct led, for various reasons, to great resentment among the participants.

Hunger strikes in the Bayern barracks

As early as January 2012, up to 50 unaccompanied minor refugees went on a 13-day hunger strike in the Bayernkaserne .

29 Somali refugees, including 25 unaccompanied minors, went on a five-day hunger strike in mid-November 2013. Half of the strikers refused to eat as well as water. Two youths were admitted to hospital during the strike.

Hunger strike at the Munich cattle market
  • June 22nd, 2013 to June 30th, 2013: hunger strike
The Munich cattle market , located next to the well-known Viktualienmarkt , right behind the Church of St. Peter at Rathausplatz , with its old trees, has become famous because the refugee protests took place here from summer 2012, with the refugees specifically taking advantage of these trees by using theirs Branches climbed.

On June 22, 2013, after a demonstration in Munich, 95  asylum seekers went on a hunger strike on the cattle market to force their recognition as politically persecuted. The asylum seekers come from Nigeria, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran, among others. During the strike, the English terms non-citizen and citizen were used again. Citizens were not allowed to attend the plenary sessions of the hunger strikers due to a supporter code.

After unsuccessful negotiations with the authorities, 50 refugees also stopped drinking on June 25. Both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Social Affairs declared that they were not responsible for the refugees and referred to the other ministry. On June 27, 2013, 15 of the asylum seekers had to be admitted to hospitals after collapses. In the coming days, the number of people who had collapsed increased to 35, and two people had to be resuscitated. In their last press release, the striking refugees had threatened to starve to death in the style of Holger Meins and Bobby Sands . The camp was cleared by the police on June 30, 2013, and 44 asylum seekers came to 12 different hospitals. During the evacuation there were also blockades by supporters, 12 people were arrested, including the Iranian spokesman for the refugees who did not take part in the hunger strike and had already received a residence permit a year earlier. He said in retrospect that the German public had to get used to the intensification of the protest.

Five refugees received prolonged treatment in the hospital, 23 were accommodated by the city's social department in Munich. Refugee protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention was given to one refugee who took part in the hunger strike; subsidiary protection was granted to nine others.

At the vigil, which took place a week later at the Rindermarkt on July 11, 2013, there was an increased police presence. The authorities said they wanted to prevent another hunger strike.

Protest march through Bavaria to Munich ("Refugee Struggle for Freedom")

On August 20, 2013, a two-week protest march through Bavaria began under the slogan Refugee Struggle for Freedom , consisting of two routes with Munich as a common goal. Here, too, the refugees referred to themselves as non-citizens in various press releases . Route A led from Würzburg via Münsterschwarzach, Markt Bibart, Neustadt an der Aisch, Cadolzburg, Nuremberg, Roth, Weißenburg, Monheim, Donauwörth, Meitingen, Augsburg, Egenhofen and Dachau to Feldmoching, while route B started in Bayreuth to intermediate stops in Creußen, Auerbach, Sulzbach-Rosenbach, Amberg, Schmidmühlen, Teublitz, Regensburg, Schierling, Ergoldsbach, Landshut, Moosburg, Freising and Neufahrn also arrived in Feldmoching. In addition to the opening demonstrations in Würzburg and Bayreuth, demonstrations took place in Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Nuremberg, Regensburg, Landshut and Augsburg during the protest march. During the march there were police controls on both routes, during which the officers tried to take down the personal details of the people in the protest march, but they refused, so that individual participants were temporarily taken into custody by the police. In Amberg, for example, 19 participants were arrested for violating the residence obligation. This resulted in injuries on both sides. The marches at Würzburg and Bayreuth had previously been stopped by the police. A participant was arrested near Scheinfeld (Neustadt an der Aisch district) on suspicion of violating the residence obligation. In Freising, eleven refugees were arrested during a large-scale police operation and seven were taken to hospital. After the unification in Feldmoching, the march reached Munich on September 3, 2013 and took part in a protest march of 750 participants through the city center.

Some refugees did not take part in the demonstration for fear of being arrested by the police for violating residence duties. After the demonstration, around 50 supporters and refugees occupied the DGB building in Munich. Some refugees said they no longer feel safe because of the police actions during the protest march. During the negotiation with the DGB, the refugees refused to pay for rooms in a hotel, as well as the option of using a bus or an offer to arrange talks with politicians. After almost two weeks of negotiations, the refugees left the building. Matthias Jena , the DGB state chairman , sharply criticized the refugees' spokesmen.

Immediately after the protest march, the “Action Group for Independent Non-Citizen Struggles” declared its dissolution, as four out of five members who come from Iran had received recognition as refugees.

In 2016 there was another protest at Sendlinger Tor by a group that also described itself as non-citizens.

Nuremberg

  • Nuremberg (August 11, 2012 to September 8, 2012) (July 8, 2013 -?)

In July 2014, 70 refugees and supporters, some of whom were chained to a fence, occupied the premises of the BAMF in Nuremberg. They were later carried from the square by the police. A further 20 refugees subsequently went on a hunger strike, which was also prevented or ended by police operations.

In July 2015, refugees started a permanent protest against deportation, as well as for fast application processing and a humane refugee policy in downtown Nuremberg. The refugees have been waiting for a right to stay in Nuremberg for several years. In the middle of September, six refugees went on a hunger strike and aggravated it by refusing to drink fluids ( dry hunger strike ). After the deadline for the rally on 9/24. The refugees broke off their hunger strike shortly before the Nuremberg Human Rights Prize and the Nuremberg Peace Table were awarded over the weekend , and the city tied the continuation of the rally to the abandonment of the liquid fasting and otherwise threatened to evacuate. The permit was then extended to Monday, but they had to vacate the place for the peace table.

Berlin

March to Berlin

After a prelude demonstration through downtown Würzburg, around 50 refugees from all over Germany and supporters started a protest march on foot from Würzburg to Berlin on Saturday, September 8, 2012. A second group set out on a different route by bus. On September 14th, after about 100 km, the border to Thuringia was crossed. In Erfurt there was a confrontation between participants in the protest march and a group of neo-Nazis. The NPD had called on its local associations along the route to “creative protest” and “diverse actions” against the protest march. After 28 days and almost 600 kilometers of walking, about 70 refugees and 100 supporters arrived at Oranienplatz in Berlin-Kreuzberg on October 6th and began their protest in a specially built tent city. According to the protesters, the protest was to be maintained until the camp and residence requirements were abolished and the existing deportation practice ended.

Protest actions in Berlin

On Saturday, 13 October 2012, took place in Berlin with 6000 participants to the largest ever demonstration for the rights of refugees and asylum seekers in the Federal Republic.

On October 15, 2012, refugees and activists occupied the Nigerian embassy to protest against so-called "embassy hearings". Here, refugees whose nationality cannot be clearly identified are invited to the embassies. There, the dialects of the refugees are analyzed by delegations from the respective country and, if necessary, they are issued with an exit visa for their own country, which enables deportation from Germany. The Berlin public prosecutor opened three cases of assault in office against police officers who allegedly hit and kicked refugees.

On October 24, 2012, 25 refugees went on hunger strike on Pariser Platz in front of the Brandenburg Gate. Before that, the police had already prevented a solidarity rally in the morning on the sidelines of the opening event of the memorial for the Sinti and Roma murdered under National Socialism in the Tiergarten.

On October 30, 2012, there was a Twitter campaign and a live streaming of the police operations in Berlin, which in contradicting ways - depending on the chief of operations - allowed blankets and seats, including wheelchairs, or required their removal, or prohibited medical treatment for people lying down .

Solidarity vigils in Hamburg and Munich were directed against the low media and political response in the country.

On October 31, 2012, District Mayor Hanke (SPD), Mitte district , promised the refugees the use of heat buses , announced a meeting with the federal government and promised to work to ensure that fewer police officers were deployed on Pariser Platz. After a conversation with Maria Böhmer , the then integration commissioner of the federal government (CDU), the refugees resumed their hunger strike because they felt that politics had not taken them seriously and that they had been deceived. saw.

On November 28, 2012, Iranian refugees attacked the Iranian embassy , tore down the flag and pelted the building with green paint. The Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi then demanded that Federal Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle punish the opposition members severely.

On December 1, the heat buses on Pariser Platz were removed by the police and made inoperable. On December 2, 2012, the refugees broke off their second hunger strike after about ten days.

On September 12, 2014, almost a hundred refugees occupied St. Thomas Church on Mariannenplatz in Kreuzberg. Four days later, the refugees left the building and were guaranteed replacement quarters for four weeks by the Protestant church.

On September 25th, 20 refugees occupied the DGB building in Schöneberg's Keithstrasse for several days. A week later, the DGB had the house cleared by the police and filed a complaint.

"Refugee Tribunal against Germany"

From June 13 to 16, 2013, the “Refugee Tribunal against Germany”, organized by activists from the “Caravan for the Rights of Refugees and Migrants” and by “The Voice Refugee Forum Germany”, took place on Mariannenplatz in Kreuzberg. Overall, several thousand people took part in the event over the three days, including five hundred refugees from all over Germany. Among other things, current problems of the refugees in Germany were discussed, but also the connections between historical and current colonialism in the countries of origin. In some cases, the refugees were hindered by the police on their arrival because, according to the police, they were subject to quarantine “because of chickenpox in the central contact point for refugees in Halberstadt”.

Oranienplatz

On March 23, 2013, over a thousand demonstrators marched from Oranienplatz to downtown Berlin under the motto “Refugees' Revolution” to commemorate the anniversary of the start of the protest.

The refugee camp on Oranienplatz hit the headlines in July 2013 when the police launched an investigation into rape against asylum seekers. Previously, the asylum seekers had harassed and sexist hostility towards supporters. The allegations have not yet been proven. bz-berlin.de

On October 10, 2013, 20 refugees stormed into the foyer of the representation of the EU Commission in Mitte / Unter den Linden. The action took place primarily as a protest against the disaster off Lampedusa , which had occurred a few days earlier. Over 300 refugees died.

For the winter of 2013/14, district politicians have agreed with the refugees that the refugees will move into a building. However, an information point is to remain at Oranienplatz. The former senior citizens' home “Zum Guten Hirten” in Berlin-Wedding was made available by the Catholic Association .

On October 15, 2013, groups of supporters again protested in front of the Nigerian embassy to remember the occupation of the Nigerian embassy a year earlier.

On March 13, 2014, 60 people protested in front of the Mali embassy. 20 demonstrators came into the entrance area and requested a conversation with the ambassador, 3 people were provisionally arrested. The protest was directed against an agreement between Germany and Mali.

At the beginning of July 2014, refugees occupied the viewing platform of the Berlin TV tower. 47 refugees took part in the occupation of the television tower, which was cleared by the police.

On November 24, 2013 there were clashes over the camp at Oranienplatz. After 80 refugees were taken into the Caritas accommodation, about 20 more refugees remained in the tents. Thereupon Mayor Monika Herrmann (Bündnis90 / Die Grünen) asked the technical service of the police for administrative assistance. However, she decided to leave the tents in the afternoon of the same day because people would still live inside. In the evening, 600 people demonstrated against a planned eviction on Oranienplatz. According to the police, 31 officers were injured and five people were arrested. Interior Senator Frank Henkel (CDU) then issued an ultimatum for evacuating the square. However, the district parliament refused to evacuate the camp.

In April 2014, the Berlin district government agreed with some refugees on Oranienplatz to voluntarily vacate the camp. Some of the refugees then took part in the demolition of the camp. There was a dispute with other refugees who did not agree to the offer. 3 activists then occupied a tree on Oranienplatz. An activist only ended the protest 4 days later after the Senate had given assurances that they would be allowed to rebuild the information tent. Some refugees set up a permanent vigil.

Refugees on the roof of the hostel in Friedrichshain

On August 25, 2014, the Senate denied 108 refugees the right to stay in Berlin. As a result, they had to leave their accommodations in Friedrichshain, Marienfelde, Spandau and Neukölln and lost their financial contributions. On the evening of the same day, the police prevented the Oranienplatz from being occupied again. Nine refugees refused to leave their accommodation in Friedrichshainer Gürtelstrasse and occupied its roof. On September 3, 2014, more than 30 asylum seekers had to leave their accommodation. An alliance “Prevent eviction” occupied the foyer of the Senate Department for Labor and Integration at short notice on September 1st. After 13 days the occupation in the Gürtelstrasse was ended.

Gerhart Hauptmann School

On December 8, 2012, refugees and activists, together with a group of anti-gentrification groups, occupied the former Gerhart-Hauptmann-Schule on Ohlauer Strasse in Kreuzberg . The camp at Pariser Platz ended at the same time. In September 2013, up to 200 refugees lived in the old school.

In June 2014, the majority of the refugees left the occupied school. On July 2, the 40 or so remaining refugees signed an agreement that would allow them to legally inhabit part of the building.

Pariser Platz

On October 9, 2013, 23 refugees, who referred to themselves as non-citizens rather than refugees , went on hunger strike on Pariser Platz. On the second day three of them had to be taken to hospital. A fourth refugee was admitted there on the third day. The following Sunday the number of strikers rose to 31 people, according to a spokesman. 28 also went on a thirst strike on Monday, October 14, 2013. Shortly after the announcement of this so-called “dry strike”, another asylum seeker collapsed. The next day four of them had to receive medical care again. In the evening their number had increased to seven. The next day, four more strikers were hospitalized. The next day a fire department spokesman announced that - since the protest began - more than 30 people had to receive medical treatment. On October 17, 2013, the police stopped a bus near Würzburg that 35 asylum seekers wanted to take to Berlin. The security service had notified the police. The refugees from Würzburg, Aschaffenburg and Münnerstadt also wanted to go to the Brandenburg Gate. On October 18, 2013, more refugees were admitted to clinics. After the treatment, they went on strike again. A spokesman for the police said they did not want to clear the strike, but they would not allow public group suicide. The Berlin Senator for the Interior, Dilek Kolat (SPD), spoke to the refugees herself on the same day. She said that the required blanket recognition of asylum applications was not possible for legal reasons and warned the strikers against false hopes. A fire department spokesman did not rule out possible deaths during the strike. There were also talks with the Vice President of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. The refugees had offered to end their thirst strike if the Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel , the Federal President Joachim Gauck , or the then Federal Minister of the Interior Hans-Peter Friedrich would talk to them.

On Saturday, October 19, 2013, the more than 20 remaining refugees broke off their hunger strike. According to their own statements, they want to resume it in mid-January 2014 if the politicians do not decide to change the asylum legislation. A refugee was then taken to the hospital. During the entire strike, almost 40 rescue missions had to be carried out.

Some refugees were housed in the Protestant parish Heilig-Kreuz , where the last press conference took place. Until the end of January, the refugees can stay in apartments belonging to the Protestant Church, which belong to the Aachen Housing and Settlement Society.

Hamburg

Refugee women conference

In April 2013 the first “Refugee Women Conference” took place in Hamburg. This explicitly addressed refugee women, as they are underrepresented in the fight for their rights in the refugee movement.

"Lampedusa in Hamburg"

Since May 2013, 300 refugees have been demanding a permanent right to stay with the Lampedusa protest in Hamburg . Over time, residents of the St. Pauli district, as well as members of church associations, artists, football fans, party members from various parties and various groups from the left-wing scene showed solidarity with them. In October there were almost daily large-scale demonstrations with up to 15,000 participants.

Hanover

  • May 24, 2014 - April 2016

On December 17, 2013, the Lebanese Hussein Charara went on a hunger strike, protesting what he believed to be the disrespectful treatment of asylum seekers by the authorities. Shortly afterwards, neo-Nazis tried to attack the man and his supporters.

On May 24, 2014, 40–50 Sudanese refugees occupied Weissekreuzplatz in Hanover. In June 2014, 29 of the refugees went on hunger strike because of deportation.

In 2015 there was a conference in Hanover; in February 2016 in Hamburg. In Hamburg over a hundred women occupied the podium and drew attention to the fact that women were completely underrepresented at the conference. In addition, the behavior of the supporters was criticized, who too often hide behind the refugees to give the appearance of a "self-organized" conference.

Stuttgart

  • (July 16, 2013 -?)

At the end of July 2013, 15 refugees went on hunger strike in Stuttgart to demonstrate against food parcels and residence requirements. After the integration ministry signaled readiness to negotiate after a five-day strike, the protesters broke off the hunger strike.

Bitterfeld

After a demonstration on August 1, 2013, a protest camp was set up in Bitterfeld . Mainly refugees from Friedersdorf demonstrated there. They called for an improvement in the conditions in the communal accommodation, decentralized accommodation in apartments and the abolition of the residence obligation. On August 7, 2013, some of them went on hunger strikes. The camp was allowed until August 29th by the authorities. The government responded with decentralized accommodation for refugees from early September 2013.

Eisenberg

At the end of July 2013, 40 to 100 refugees went on strike at the Thuringian state reception center in Eisenberg . The allegations were: inadequate medical care, sexual harassment on the part of the guards, delayed payments and lack of hygiene.

Eisenhüttenstadt

After the suicide of a refugee from Chad in the Eisenhüttenstadt deportation prison , four refugees had stopped eating. Two of them had also refused to drink. All refugees were taken to the hospital after a few days. A refugee from Georgia was deported from hospital immediately after being released. A few days later, violent attacks occurred in the course of an ang demonstration by the right-wing extremist NPD. The demonstration was broken up by the police. In the neighboring central reception center, a couple of refugees were attacked by Islamists for “immoral behavior”. In October 2013, a judge at the municipal district court was charged with perverting the law, inciting hatred and insulting her. At the beginning of November 2013 there was another hunger strike by four Georgians.

Freiberg / Saxony

At the beginning of January 2014, the 52-year-old Iranian asylum seeker Ali Assadi went on a hunger strike in Freiberg.

Other German cities

“Refugees' Revolution” bus tour

From February 26 to March 20, 2013, refugees visited 22 cities in Germany on a bus tour under the motto “Refugees' Revolution Bus Tour”. The aim was in particular to establish contacts with the refugees in the collective accommodation and to protest on site for the demands. In Nördlingen, activists blocked the town hall on March 8, 2013. On March 11th, three refugees were injured by the police in Cologne and 19 were provisionally arrested for distributing flyers in the local collective accommodation facility. On March 8 in Karlsruhe , the private security service wanted to deny the protesters access to the communal accommodation. After the refugees protested in the building, there were arrests and injuries by the police. In addition, a penalty had to be paid for violating the residence obligation. There was also a police check in Hamburg.

A bus tour also took place in 2015 to network the protest within Germany. One person was arrested in Garmisch and several refugees had to pay bus money for violating the residence obligation.

Political reactions

A conversation requested by the protesters with the responsible Bavarian Minister of Social Affairs, Christine Haderthauer , did not take place; a discussion (“ round table ”) on April 4th took place without her. Because of her behavior, she was criticized from various quarters and asked to act.

In support of the hunger strike, the Berlin pirate delegate Fabio Reinhardt auctioned off a pair of trousers on the Internet in what has become known as the “Hosengate”.

On September 27, 2012, the petition from the refugees to the Bavarian State Parliament, signed by 1,300 people, was dealt with in the Social Committee. The majority of the CSU, FDP and Free Voters voted in favor of a fundamental review of the right of asylum by the state government. The press rated the deviation of the CSU social politicians from the previous hard line towards asylum seekers as a “small revolution”.

In response to the hunger strike that began in front of the Brandenburg Gate on October 24, 2012, the parliamentary groups of the Left , the Greens and the Pirates in the Berlin House of Representatives requested in an emergency meeting on October 25 that the State of Berlin should join a Federal Council initiative to abolish the Asylum Seekers Benefits Act . At this point in time, the initiative was already being supported by Brandenburg , Bremen , Rhineland-Palatinate and Schleswig-Holstein .

In November 2012, the state of Hesse relaxed the residence requirement. Since then, the freedom of movement of refugees living there is no longer restricted to the administrative district, but only to the federal state. The states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt , Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony , North Rhine-Westphalia and Baden-Württemberg had already made use of this option, which has existed since an amendment to the Asylum Procedure Act (today's name: Asylum Act ) in 2011 .

In March 2013, the Bavarian government announced that it would allow all asylum seekers to take part in German courses as part of a model project, regardless of their residence status, and in July 2013 they announced the start of the project.

On July 30, 2013, the Bavarian government decided to delete the sentence according to which accommodation in refugee camps promotes the willingness to return to the home country from the Bavarian Asylum Implementation Ordinance (Section 7 (5) DV Asylum). In addition, municipalities would now have more freedom of choice when it comes to the fee for a leave permit or the flexibility of the benefits in kind principle. The Bavarian Refugee Council called the adopted changes "a farce".

On October 30, 2013, the newly appointed Bavarian Minister of Social Affairs, Emilia Müller, announced that she wanted to abolish the food parcels for Bavaria and instead pay cash benefits.

Concerns of the protests

In a petition to the German Bundestag, the first protesters stated the following goals of their protest:

  1. The abolition of the collective housing system.
  2. The abolition of the residence obligation.
  3. The abolition of the practice of allocating food packages.
  4. The introduction of a right for every asylum seeker to have a lawyer and a certified interpreter who will support him from the start in all stages of the asylum procedure.
  5. The drastic shortening of the application processing time by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees.
  6. The introduction of a right for all asylum seekers to professional German courses from day one.
  7. The possibility of making a living by working.
  8. The simplification and shortening of the procedure for obtaining a study permit.
  9. Simplifying the possibility of family reunification (both from abroad and domestically).

In the further course of the protests, demands were repeatedly made that referred to individual cases. Overall, the demands became more fundamental. The border regimes of Germany, the EU and the Schengen area as a whole and the associated restrictions on freedom of movement and residence were criticized . There was particularly bitter struggle for a group-related right to stay within the meaning of Section 23 (1) of the Residence Act.

The transition to demands for a right to stay for all and for legal equality between refugees and Germans was fluid. The designation of the refugee march through Munich on June 22, 2013 as "" No Border, No Nation "Non-Citizen Demonstration" shows that the protesters were already networked with the No Border network at this point . In a “First Declaration” in Munich, “Non Citizens” demanded civil rights for everyone in Germany: “It is our right to become citizens, even if the German government and citizens think we are not worth it. We say: We are! "

Bahareh Sharifi contradicts the impression that the dynamic of the demands of “Non Citizens” is mainly due to the networking of the protesters with the European left: “This highly political movement was not by chance. It is the direct aftermath of the Green Movement in Iran and the so-called Arab Spring , which as a result do not want to submit to the German form of the European border regime. ”In particular, many refugees from Iran had an anarchist-communist background before they fled.

Protest against Residenzpflicht

One of the main points of criticism of the protest at the German asylum policy is the residence obligation , which forbids asylum seekers to leave a certain area (usually the district assigned to them). Since this is a nationwide protest, this restriction of the protesters' freedom of movement also affects the possibilities of carrying out the protest. A main reason for the already mentioned establishment of protest camps in other cities was that many of the protesters there were forbidden to participate in the protests in Würzburg due to the residence obligation. In addition, the residence obligation was deliberately exceeded again and again, some of which were punished with fines. A refugee was brought from Würzburg to Düsseldorf by the police.

During their protest march to Berlin in particular, the refugees defied the Residenzpflicht in an act of civil disobedience in order to protest against it. Fears expressed in advance that the authorities might try to suppress the demonstration march were not confirmed. In the first week, the protest march was observed by the police, but no arrests were made. According to statements by police officers, the march was "politically approved".

Protest against the right of assembly

The "refugeetentaction" is a special form of permanent protest in tents or pavilions. In several cases, protesting refugees went on hunger strike for several weeks, sometimes with their lips sewn shut. This form of protest was initially forbidden by the authorities because it was not covered by the right of assembly. The form of protest could, by and large, always be enforced in court.

In Würzburg, before the start of the first protest camp, the form of hunger strikes and long-term rallies were banned. However, these bans were lifted by the Würzburg Administrative Court.

On April 12, 2012, the VGH Munich lifted the ban on setting up one of the two pavilions and the ban on staying overnight:

“It seems to the Senate quite understandable that a constant presence of the assembly participants, around the clock, at central locations (authorities or administrative locations) is necessary for their concerns as asylum seekers. If, however, demonstrations are carried out continuously at night over a longer period of time, this inevitably leads to the need for temporary rest or sleep for the individual demonstration participants, so that such 'rest breaks' are also protected by Art. 8 GG in order to effectively announce the matter to ensure the meeting participants. Does the ban on staying overnight in restriction no. 1.19 also include sleeping e.g. B. in sleeping bags in the built pavilions completely - as the administrative court and also the defendant see this - is an encroachment on the constitutionally protected freedom of assembly which, when weighing the conflicting interests, probably no longer corresponds to the principle of proportionality. "

- 10 CS 12,767 marginal number 12

With regard to the two pavilions of approx. 9 square meters each, the Court of Justice was of the opinion that the protection of the freedom of assembly outweighs the interests of the city of Würzburg in terms of road and highway law or regulatory law. Because of the two pavilions that had already been granted, the team tent that was also intended was not approved by the VGH. The move of the protest from the city center to the outskirts, which was demanded by the city of Würzburg, had already been repealed as unlawful by the administrative court of Würzburg.

On July 2, 2012, the VGH Munich lifted numerous other bans issued by the city of Würzburg. Two pavilions (3 × 3 m), three beds with mattresses and blankets / sleeping bags, six chairs and two tables were admitted. The Court pointed out in its decision that the proposed long-term inpatient meeting was not practically feasible without these items.

The VG Würzburg's lifting of the ban on the intensified hunger strike with sewn up mouths was also confirmed by the VGH Munich.

For the protest camp in Düsseldorf, the Münster Higher Administrative Court found on July 13th that, contrary to the ban of the assembly authority, a tent with a size of 9 square meters and two beds, each with a mattress and a sleeping bag or a comparable blanket, could be used.

Various lawsuits were pending in 2012 about the camp in Berlin on Pariser Platz. The Senate Health Administration had also requested a "hygiene check".

supporter

Supporters of the protest include Pro Asyl , the state refugee associations and the Evangelical Church in Central Germany (EKM), parties such as Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , Die Linke , the Pirate Party , no-border activists and autonomous groups.

Inscription on the welcome column at a refugee hostel in Bremen-Osterholz : "People are authorized to live wherever they want"

The Berlin State Members' Assembly of the Green Youth formulated in a resolution in November 2012 that the idea “that only certain people are allowed to live in Germany” is an expression of racism .

In a draft law on December 1, 2015, eleven members of the Bundestag of the Left and the Left Party as a whole criticized the fact that the fundamental right to freedom of movement according to Article 11 of the Basic Law was "designed as a German fundamental right [...] ", although freedom of movement in Article 13 of the UN Charter of Human Rights as well as in Art. 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights , in Art. 12 of the UN Civil Pact and in the UN Social Pact as a human right . "This does not do justice to the constitutional requirement of Article 3, Paragraph 1 of the Basic Law, after [sic!] All people are equal before the law, nor of the prohibition of discrimination in Article 3, Paragraph 3 of the Basic Law, which among other things stipulates that no one, because of their parentage, Homeland and origin may be disadvantaged or preferred. ”From this, the left derives the application:“ In Articles 8, 9, 11 and 12 of the Basic Law, the phrase 'All Germans' is replaced by the phrase 'All people'. ”If accepted of this draft a "right to stay for all" would have been decided. An express reference to the refugee protests is made in the draft law by the comment: "With the extension of Article 11, Paragraph 1 of the Basic Law to all people, the residence obligation would be clearly prohibited by the Basic Law and § 56 AsylVfG would no longer be tenable."

Criticism of the actions and their ideological requirements

The strikers were accused of trying to force state organs to fulfill their wishes through their protests. This assessment is based on the following formulation in the “Second declaration by the hunger strikers asylum seekers at the Rindermarkt in Munich” of June 25, 2013: “We know the people most highly placed in politics and administration responsible for our lives.” This is what the Bavarian Minister of the Interior assessed Joachim Herrmann (politician, 1956) as an attempt at blackmail. "Blackmail as a means to obtain the right to asylum" is "completely out of the question"; because everyone who applies for asylum has the right to a proper legal process and gets it. His cabinet colleague, the Bavarian Minister of Social Affairs Christine Haderthauer (CSU) added that in Bavaria you cannot “force preferential treatment through hunger strikes”. The protesters fundamentally questioned an important basis of the rule of law, the recognition of the validity of laws, by propagating the view: "We will not respect laws that do not respect us as human beings."

Even some of those who supported the hunger strikers strongly criticized their practice of accepting the deaths of strikers.

Overall, for a long time the strikers did not succeed in gaining general sympathy and support among the observers of the actions through their actions beyond the above-mentioned awarding of individual acknowledgment and tolerance notices. However, Christian Jakob sums up the situation in the mid-2010s with the words: “A few years ago, the refugee councils had a hard time getting the public interested in even the toughest deportation fate. Your relationship with journalists was that of supplicants. Today refugee initiatives are stormed with so many inquiries from festivals, theaters, art projects, filmmakers, authors, photographers, publicists, journalists, academies, schools, companies, students, scientists, advertising agencies, associations and NGOs who all want to do something with refugees that some don't even manage to even send e-mails with rejection. "

In 2012 and 2013, supporters of the protests criticized their lack of transparency, their hierarchical structures and the passivity of some supporters.

literature

  • Ashkan Khorasani and Mohammad Kalali: Protests by Asylum Seekers and ›Law‹ in: AG Legal Criticism (ed.) Legal and State Criticism according to Marx and Paschukani's Law - State - Critique 1, pp. 31–37 ISBN 978-3-86505-802- 7th
  • Matthias Grünberg: Iranians on hunger strike Würzburg PHASE I March 19, 2012 to June 4, 2012. ISBN 978-3-8442-4632-2 .
  • Christian Jakob: Those who stay. Refugees are changing Germany . In: From Politics and Contemporary History . Issue 14–15 / 2016, pp. 9–14 ( online )

Web links

Commons : Refugee protests in Germany  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Barbara Markus: Against residence obligation, communal accommodation and deportation. In: Deutschlandfunk , September 6, 2012.
  2. ↑ Christian Jakob: Young and well connected. In: the daily newspaper , October 5, 2012.
  3. ↑ On the run and on the offensive  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. jungle-world.com, October 2012.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / jungle-word.com  
  4. ^ Andreas Jungbauer: Suicide in asylum home: mourning for refugee. In: Main-Post , January 30, 2012.
  5. ↑ Andreas Jungbauer: Suizid in the asylum home: Protest and mourning on the street. In: Main-Post , February 13, 2012.
  6. ^ After suicide in Würzburg: Controversy about accommodation and care for asylum seekers. In: Pro Asyl , February 4, 2012.
  7. ↑ Andreas Jungbauer: Suizid im Asylum: The certificate was not sufficient for moving out. In: Main-Post , February 5, 2012.
  8. ↑ 28.01 .: Wreath laying at the Ministry of Social Affairs in memory of the victims of the Bavarian asylum policy In: fluechtlingsrat-bayern.de , January 24, 2013.
  9. ^ Website of the Würzburg strikers
  10. ^ Hunger strike in Würzburg: two men in clinic. In: Der Standard , April 3, 2012.
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Jung: Accelerated strike asylum procedure ?. In: Main-Post , July 10, 2012.
  12. ↑ Michael Czygan: Asylum for four Iranians in Würzburg. In: Main-Post , May 4, 2012.
  13. ↑ a b Stefan Aigner: Würzburg: Wrong impressions and dubious town hall deals / Update: City contradicts statements by the refugees. , regensburg-digital , July 25, 2012.
  14. ↑ Olaf Przybilla : Asylum seekers sew their lips shut. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 4, 2012.
  15. ↑ Olaf Przybilla : Loud dispute over sewn lips. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 20, 2012.
  16. ↑ vgh.bayern.de (PDF) Würzburg protest event: Hunger strike with sewn up mouth permitted
  17. ↑ vgh.bayern.de (PDF) Bavarian Administrative Court: Important decisions from July 2011 to July 2012
  18. ↑ vgh.bayern.de (PDF) Decision in full text
  19. ↑ Lips open for dialogue sueddeutsche.de, July 6, 2012
  20. ↑ Iranian refugees start petition at the Bavarian State Parliament. ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Evangelical Press Service , April 23, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.epd.de
  21. ↑ Pirates demand reform of the right of residence ( memento of the original from October 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.piratenpartei.de
  22. ↑ a b Long version of the online petition to the Bundestag of striking Iranian asylum seekers in Würzburg (Bavaria, Germany). In: gustreik.blogsport.eu , May 11, 2012.
  23. ↑ Website: Refugee Tent Action
  24. ↑ asylum protest in Aub Main Post, July 3, 2012
  25. ↑ Asylum policy: Protest camp at Bamberg's Markusplatz, Bamberg online newspaper, July 2nd, 2012
  26. ↑ Asylum seekers protest for a month
  27. ↑ Iranian refugees protest on the Neupfarrplatz ( memento of the original from July 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.idowa.de
  28. ↑ Congress of Non-Citizens ( Memento of the original from March 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.luzi-m.org
  29. ↑ The common pain of non-citizens
  30. ↑ Refugee Struggle Congress radio-z.net from February 6, 2013
  31. ↑ On course for confrontation
  32. ^ European Citizenship and the Place of Migrants' Struggles in a New Radical Europe: a talk with Sandro Mezzadra
  33. ↑ Too much love
  34. ↑ "... and we will rise up." (Pp. 21–23) ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.2 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hinterland-magazin.de
  35. ↑ Non-Citizens: We don't have time to wait anymore ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 443 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hinterland-magazin.de
  36. ↑ Between Identity and Solidarity ( Memento of the original dated February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hinterland-magazin.de
  37. ↑ Free Radicals ( Memento of the original dated February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hinterland-magazin.de
  38. ↑ "If something gets on my nerves, I'll tell you" in transact 6 "How is your freedom connected to mine" (PDF)
  39. ^ "The means of long struggle" , in taz.de from October 1, 2014
  40. ↑ Hunger strike in Bayernkaserne , in: fluechtlingsrat-bayern.de
  41. ↑ Young refugees on hunger strike , in: sueddeutsche.de , November 20, 2013
  42. ↑ Minors Somalis end hunger strike ( memento of December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), in: br.de , November 22, 2013
  43. ↑ Homeless on the Isar
  44. ↑ Starving for a better life. Demonstration at the cattle market. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . June 24, 2013, accessed March 17, 2014 .
  45. ^ Björn Hengst: Dramatic hunger strike in downtown Munich. In: Spiegel Online . June 28, 2013, accessed March 17, 2014 .
  46. ↑ Albert Schäffer: A bitterly evil game with fates. In: FAZ.NET . June 28, 2013, accessed March 17, 2014 .
  47. ↑ Sebastian Loschert: A hunger strike is not a joke. In: Jungle World . July 11, 2013, accessed March 17, 2014 .
  48. ^ Vassilis S. Tsianos and Bernd Kasparek: Too much love. In: Jungle World. July 25, 2013, accessed March 17, 2014 .
  49. ↑ Refugees on hunger strike. Second class people SZ.de, June 25, 2012
  50. ↑ 12 refugees in the hospital. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 27, 2013.
  51. ^ Hunger strike in Munich: Asylum seekers threaten suicide in the RAF style In: focus.de , June 29, 2013.
  52. ↑ Mediators should prevent starvation deaths in the asylum protest In: zeit.de , June 29, 2013.
  53. ↑ The protest camp was evacuated. In: Die Zeit , June 30, 2013.
  54. ↑ Police clear camps of asylum seekers In: nachrichten.rp-online.de, August 2, 2013.
  55. ↑ Interior Minister Herrmann defends eviction ( memento from June 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: Br , July 1, 2013.
  56. ↑ Police clear camps of asylum seekers In: nachrichten.rp-online.de, August 2, 2013.
  57. ↑ The rule of law cannot be blackmailed In: faz.net, July 2, 2013.
  58. ^ Asylum seekers: Ude fears deaths Abendzeitung-muenchen.de from June 28, 2013
  59. ↑ A hunger strike is no joke , in: jungle-world.com , July 11, 2013
  60. ↑ How the refugee movement is changing ( Memento from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) br.de from July 3, 2013
  61. ^ Five refugees in clinic after hunger strike In: faz.net, July 31, 2013.
  62. ↑ Asylum procedure for hunger strikers: results of the examination ( memento of the original from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. bamf.de from July 10, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bamf.de
  63. ↑ Two protest marches to Munich merkur-online.de from August 20, 2013
  64. ↑ Heavy police presence at Asyl-Mahnwache sueddeutsche.de on July 11, 2013
  65. ^ Two protest marches to Munich , In: Münchner Merkur , August 20, 2013
  66. ↑ Overview of the stops on both routes (PDF; 59 kB) ( Memento of the original from October 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) Website of the Refugee Struggle for Freedom @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / refugeestruggle.org
  67. ↑ Demonstrations A ( Memento of the original from August 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Refugee Struggle for Freedom @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / refugeestruggle.org
  68. ↑ Route A (Würzburg - Munich) August 24, 2013 ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Refugee Struggle for Freedom @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / refugeestruggle.org
  69. ↑ Route B Bayreuth - Munich ( Memento of the original from October 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Refugee Struggle for Freedom @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / refugeestruggle.org
  70. ↑ Route A (Würzburg - Munich) August 31, 2013 ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Refugee Struggle for Freedom @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / refugeestruggle.org
  71. ^ Refugees: Cat and Mouse with the Police , In: tz , August 25, 2013
  72. ^ Refugees via the police: "We were beaten and choked" , In: Augsburger Allgemeine , August 30, 2013
  73. ^ MdL Ulrike Gote: Unspeakable drama of the Minister of the Interior , In: Der neue Wiesentbote , September 2, 2013
  74. ↑ Police release 19 arrested refugees , In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , 25 August 2013
  75. ^ Police control protesting refugees , In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , 20. Augsburg 2013
  76. ↑ Further arrest during protest march ( memento of the original from November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , bt24.de of 23 August 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bt24.de
  77. ↑ Martial appearance , sueddeutsche.de of September 3, 2013
  78. ↑ Feldmoching to Munich  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Refugee Struggle for Freedom@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / refugeestruggle.org  
  79. ^ Protest marches reach Munich , In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , September 3, 2013
  80. ↑ Refugees entrench themselves in a union building , In: sueddeutsche.de , September 4, 2013
  81. ^ Refugees leave DGB house , In: sueddeutsche.de , September 15, 2013
  82. ↑ Refugees are allowed to stay in DGB headquarters until Sunday , In: abendzeitung-muenchen.de , September 9, 2013
  83. ↑ Maximum protest in the party room , In: faz.net , September 11, 2013
  84. ^ DGB headquarters: Right- wing demo is roared down , In: abendzeitung-muenchen.de , September 8, 2013
  85. ^ Action group for independent non-citizen struggles: Announcement of the dissolution , In: refugeetentaction.net , September 9, 2013
  86. ↑ Maximum protest in the party room , In: faz.net , September 11, 2013
  87. ↑ Non-Citizens War , In: blog.neon.de , October 11, 2013; published in Neon from November 2013, pp. 18–24
  88. ↑ “Who cares about the life of a migrant, especially that of an asylum seeker?” (PDF) Retrieved April 23, 2017 .
  89. ^ Protest camp in Nuremberg against the asylum policy
  90. ↑ 30 asylum seekers camp on Hallplatz ( Memento from July 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  91. ↑ nordbayern.de
  92. ↑ Refugees in Nuremberg have to give way to the peace table
  93. ↑ Die Karawane: Refugees in Nuremberg on hunger strike, detailed report
  94. ^ BR: Refugees in Nuremberg go on dry hunger strike ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  95. ↑ Focus: Refugees in Nuremberg break off hunger strike
  96. ^ Magdalena Schmude : Tents for the right of residence. In: the daily newspaper , August 9, 2012.
  97. ↑ Jungle World: Walking Against a System (September 13, 2012)
  98. ↑ a b Olaf Przybilla : "Politically everything is approved" In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , September 14, 2012.
  99. ^ A b Riots by right-wing extremists during the refugee protest march in Erfurt. In: Osterländer Volkszeitung , September 18, 2012.
  100. ↑ Berlin, we're running to Berlin
  101. ↑ Residency obligation broken
  102. ↑ "That was Berlin, now Europe is coming" In: the daily newspaper , October 14, 2012.
  103. ↑ Johannes Wendt: Refugees Occupy Embassy In: the daily newspaper , October 15, 2012.
  104. ↑ Police officers reported for assault on tagesspiegel.de, October 16, 2016
  105. ↑ They grit your teeth taz.de, October 24, 2012.
  106. ↑ Refugees hope to talk to the federal government
  107. ↑ faz.net
  108. ↑ neue-deutschland.de
  109. ↑ Konrad Litschko: On hunger strike again. In: the daily newspaper , October 15, 2012.
  110. ↑ Activists tear down the flag at the Iranian embassy in Berlin tagesspiegel.de, November 28, 2012
  111. ↑ Arrests after the attack on Iran's embassy in Berlin ( memento from November 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de, November 28, 2012
  112. ^ Refugee bus deported taz.de, December 1, 2012
  113. ↑ Refugees interrupt hunger strike BZ
  114. ↑ Refugees keep St. Thomas Church occupied . tagesspiegel.de, September 11, 2014
  115. ↑ Refugees now in six alternative quarters . tagesspiegel.de, September 14, 2014
  116. ↑ Refugees are waiting in the DGB building ( memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . rbb-online.de, September 26, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rbb-online.de
  117. ↑ Debate about refugees in the union building continues . welt.de, September 29, 2014
  118. ↑ Police cleared the DGB building . tagesspiegel.de, October 1, 2014
  119. ↑ website Refugeetribunal against Germany
  120. ↑ The new agora
  121. ^ Johanna Treblin: "You are destroying our countries" In: Neues Deutschland , June 15, 2013.
  122. ^ FRG in the dock
  123. ↑ Come to stay
  124. ^ Anniversary demonstration. In: Berliner Zeitung , March 23, 2013.
  125. ↑ Investigation of possible rape in the Morgenpost.de camp , July 2013
  126. ↑ How "rape" and other sexual assaults are dealt with in the refugee protest camp
  127. ↑ Sex allegation: refugees suspect campaign
  128. ↑ Refugees Occupy EU Commission bz-berlin.de of October 10, 2013
  129. ↑ Refugees occupy EU representation in Berlin swp.de from October 11, 2013
  130. ↑ Refugees from Oranienplatz move to rbb-online.de from November 23, 2013
  131. ↑ Oranienplatz: The tents are being dismantled at tagesspiegel.de from October 11, 2013
  132. ↑ Refugees relocate protests to the European House ( Memento of the original from December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. tagesspiegel.de from October 10, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rbb-online.de
  133. ↑ Refugees on hunger strike have to go to the hospital tagesspiegel.de on October 15, 2013
  134. ↑ Refugees demonstrate in front of the berliner-zeitung.de embassy on March 13, 2014
  135. ↑ Flüchtlingstumulte ago Embassy neues-deutschland.de from March 13, 2014
  136. ↑ epd.de ( Memento of the original from July 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.epd.de
  137. ↑ nordbayern.de
  138. ↑ Kreuzberg does not tolerate refugees taz.de of November 24, 2013
  139. ↑ Tents at Oranienplatz occupied again ( memento of the original dated December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. rbb-online.de from November 25, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rbb-online.de
  140. ↑ Ultimatum for Oranienplatz tagesspiegel.de of November 26, 2013
  141. ↑ Senator of the Interior adheres to the demand for the evacuation of the refugee camp welt.de of November 28, 2013
  142. ↑ The Oranienplatz is cleared berliner-zeitung.de from April 8, 2014
  143. ↑ Napuli Langa provides a protest on Oplatz neues-deutschland.de from April 14, 2014
  144. ^ Refugees on hunger strike - eviction at Oranienplatz morgenpost.de from May 8, 2014
  145. ↑ More than 100 refugees are losing their quarters today ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. rbb-online.de from August 25, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rbb-online.de
  146. ↑ Police speak to refugees: "Difficult matter" . Tagesspiegel, August 27, 2014
  147. ↑ Refugees leave, one stays - the temporary end of the story . Morgenpost.de, September 3, 2014
  148. ↑ Activists occupy the Senate Administration . berliner-zeitung.de, September 1, 2014
  149. ↑ Refugees draw a bitter conclusion . taz.de, September 9, 2014
  150. ^ Konrad Litschko: Escape from the snow. In: the daily newspaper , December 9, 2012.
  151. ^ Refugees: Protest in the next round taz.de, December 8, 2012.
  152. ↑ A safe haven taz.de. September 2013.
  153. ↑ Berlin refugees: Occupied school in Kreuzberg will not be cleared , Spiegel Online , July 2, 2014, last accessed on July 3, 2014
  154. ^ Refugees on hunger strike again , in: taz.de , October 9, 2013
  155. ^ Refugee protest at the Brandenburg Gate continues , in: focus.de , October 12, 2013
  156. ↑ I want to pay for my room myself , in: tagesspiegel.de , October 12, 2013
  157. ^ Refugee protest at the Brandenburg Gate continues , in: focus.de , October 13, 2013
  158. ↑ Refugees at the Brandenburg Gate are pushing their limits , in: tagesspiegel.de , October 14, 2013
  159. Jumped into thirst strike , in: taz.de , October 14, 2013
  160. ↑ The emergency doctor is there , in: taz.de , October 15, 2013
  161. ↑ Refugees on hunger strike have to go to hospital , in: Tagesspiegel.de , October 15, 2013
  162. ↑ Hunger strike and cold - refugees in hospital again , in: morgenpost.de , October 16, 2013
  163. ^ Hunger strike: Refugees again in the clinic , in: bz-berlin.de , October 17, 2013
  164. ↑ Refugees stopped on their way to Berlin ( memento from October 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), in: br.de , October 17, 2013
  165. ↑ Demos and Hunger Strike - Brennpunkt Berlin , in: bz-berlin.de , October 17, 2013
  166. ^ Refugees in clinic again - police do not want to evacuate , in: moz.de , October 18, 2013
  167. ^ Hunger strike at the Brandenburg Gate: Ministry of the Interior rejects the refugees' demands , in: neue-deutschland.de , October 19, 2013
  168. ↑ Senator warns refugees against false hopes , in: morgenpost.de , October 19, 2013
  169. ↑ Question of the time, when the first death occurs , in: berliner-zeitung.de , October 18, 2013
  170. ↑ Berlin and the federal government negotiate with the hunger strikers , in: tagesspiegel.de , October 19, 2013
  171. ↑ Refugees break off hunger strike , in: tagesspiegel.de , October 19, 2013
  172. ^ Refugees in Berlin end hunger strike , in: sueddeutsche.de , October 19, 2013
  173. ^ The refugees are eating again , in: tagesspiegel.de , October 20, 2013
  174. ↑ Hunger strike at the Brandenburg Gate suspended until January ( memento of the original from October 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: rbb-online.de , October 19, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rbb-online.de
  175. ↑ Refugees at the Brandenburg Gate end hunger strike , in: morgenpost.de , October 19, 2013
  176. ^ Mattenlager im Atelier , in: berliner-zeitung.de , October 21, 2013
  177. ^ "Lampedusa in Berlin" , in: berliner-zeitung.de , October 24, 2013
  178. ↑ Apartments for refugees found by the Brandenburg Gate , in: morgenpost.de , October 31, 2013
  179. ↑ Call for Refugee Women’s Conference (PDF) In: thecaravan.org
  180. ^ "Difficult to prove" In: taz.de of April 19, 2013
  181. ↑ 15,000 demand the right to stay in: taz.de of November 2, 2013
  182. ↑ 29 Sudanese go on hunger strike , in: haz.de , June 14, 2014
  183. ↑ Asylum seeker goes on hunger strike , in: haz.de , December 17, 2013
  184. ^ Neo-Nazis threaten men on hunger strike , in: haz.de , December 18, 2013
  185. ↑ 29 Sudanese go on hunger strike , in: haz.de , June 14, 2014
  186. ↑ Criticism of the call for refugee conference in Hanover ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / linksunten.indymedia.org
  187. ↑ Women take the floor
  188. ↑ Refugees demonstrate in Stuttgart ( Memento from July 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  189. ↑ This time in Stuttgart: Refugees on hunger strike again
  190. ↑ Asylum seekers in Stuttgart on hunger strike
  191. ↑ Refugees are on hunger strike
  192. ↑ Protesting refugees interrupt their hunger strike
  193. ↑ Audio: Refugees set up a protest camp in Bitterfeld
  194. ↑ Refugees want to go on hunger strike
  195. ↑ in the heart of Bitterfeld
  196. ↑ Friedersdorf: Asylum seekers go on hunger strike  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.mdr.de  
  197. ↑ Asylum seekers get apartments
  198. ^ Strike in the Thuringia state reception center in Eisenberg
  199. ^ Eisenberg: Asylum seekers strike against abuses in the state reception center
  200. ↑ Justice merciless
  201. ↑ All refugees on hunger strike are now in the clinic
  202. ↑ Hunger in Eisenhüttenstadt is getting worse
  203. ↑ Georgians on hunger strike are deported from the clinic
  204. ↑ Police dissolve NPD assembly in Eisenhüttenstadt ( memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rbb-online.de
  205. ↑ "Army of Illegals": criminal judge for sedition reported heise.de from November 4, 2013
  206. ↑ Hunger strike by refugees in Eisenhüttenstadt ended ( memento of the original from November 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. robb-online.de from November 4, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rbb-online.de
  207. ↑ Iranian goes on hunger strike , in: freiepresse.de , January 10, 2014
  208. ↑ Refugees want to stay in the protest tent camp
  209. ↑ Protest camp in front of the cafeteria dissolved  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.osradio.de  
  210. ↑ Refugees camp in front of the Gmünder Rathaus
  211. ^ Violence against activists in Karlsruhe In: neue-deutschland.de , March 18, 2012.
  212. ↑ Rathaus Nördlingen In: neue-deutschland.de , March 8, 2013.
  213. ↑ 19 arrests, 3 injured In: neue-deutschland.de , March 11, 2013.
  214. ↑ Violence against activists in Karlsruhe In: neue-deutschland.de , March 10, 2013.
  215. ↑ From Oldenburg to Hamburg In: neue-deutschland.de , March 18, 2013.
  216. ↑ Bus tour 2015 oplatz.net .
  217. ↑ 2nd and 3rd May in Bavaria ( Memento of the original from September 1st, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: refugeestruggle.org . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / refugeestruggle.org
  218. ↑ Haderthauer refuses a visit. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , March 28, 2012.
  219. ^ Regine Beyss: Hunger strike: pressure on Haderthauer grows. In: Main-Post , April 2, 2012.
  220. ↑ Olaf Przybilla: Iranians break off hunger strike. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , April 4, 2012.
  221. ↑ Konrad Litschko: Pirates clean up "Hosengate" In: the daily newspaper , July 6, 2012.
  222. ↑ Michael Czygan: Pirate is auctioning pants on Ebay for refugees. In: Main-Post , June 19, 2012.
  223. ↑ Partial success for the refugees' petition. ( Memento of April 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: BR , September 27, 2012.
  224. ↑ In: Berlin not part of the Federal Council's initiative on the Asylum Seekers Act. In: RBB , October 25, 2012.
  225. ^ Hesse cancels the residence obligation
  226. ↑ State government decides on project: German courses for all asylum seekers. Sueddeutsche Zeitung (online), March 21, 2013, accessed on September 5, 2013 .
  227. ^ Minister of Social Affairs Haderthauer: "Bavaria is launching a Germany-wide unique initiative to promote German asylum seekers" - German courses for asylum seekers. (No longer available online.) In: Press release. Bavarian State Government, formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 5, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bayern.de  
  228. ^ Resolved improvements for refugees in Bavaria are a farce
  229. ↑ Money instead of food packages ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  230. ↑ Ibrahim Kanalan: Come to Stay !? . juwiss.de, 83/2014
  231. ^ Striking Non Citizens from the cattle market - analyzes and perspectives . refugeetentaction.net, July 23, 2013
  232. ^ First declaration by the non-citizens of the Munich protest tent refugeetentaction.net, April 26, 2013
  233. ↑ Bahareh Sharifi: Interpretation sovereignty and the (welcome) culture - Why a racism debate is impossible , In: MiGAZIN . October 7, 2015
  234. ↑ Christian Jakob: Refugee Protests in Germany: Young and Well Networked . taz.de , October 5, 2012
  235. ↑ Mr. Kalali drives the train
  236. ↑ Iran refugee arrested in Würzburg
  237. ^ Declaration by the striking refugees September 18, 2012
  238. ↑ 10 CS 12.1419
  239. ↑ 5 B 853/12
  240. ↑ Hygiene alarm in the refugee camp . bz-berlin.de of July 28, 2013
  241. ↑ Green Youth Berlin: No Borders, No States - Fair and Just Asylum Policy for Berlin ( Memento of the original from May 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Decision of the state general assembly. November 23-25, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gj-berlin.de
  242. ↑ German Bundestag: Bill by the members Halina Wawzyniak, Frank Tempel, Ulla Jelpke, Jan Korte, Caren Lay, Petra Pau, Harald Petzold (Havelland), Martina Renner, Dr. Petra Sitte, Azize Tank, Jörn Wunderlich and the DIE LINKE parliamentary group . Printed matter 18/6887. 1st December 2015
  243. ^ Second declaration by the asylum seekers on hunger strikes at the Rindermarkt in Munich . refugeetentaction.net, June 25, 2013
  244. ↑ 12 refugees in the hospital
  245. ↑ Striekende (sic!) Non-Citizens from the cattle market - analysis and perspectives . refugeetentaction.net, July 23, 2013
  246. ↑ Demonstrating asylum seekers: starve until the application is through
  247. ↑ Christian Jakob: Those who stay. Refugees are changing Germany . In: From Politics and Contemporary History . Issue 14–15 / 2016, p. 11
  248. ↑ You cannot decide bkpnk089.blogsport.de of July 6, 2013
  249. ↑ Solidarity must be sensible ( memento of the original from October 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. kanaction.wordpress.com ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated July 4, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kanaction.wordpress.com  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kanaction.wordpress.com
  250. ↑ The hunger strike makes it visible akweb.de of January 21, 2014