History of the city of Memmingen
The history of the city of Memmingen spans more than two millennia. The Memmingen area has been inhabited since the Neolithic. The first buildings were evidenced from the Roman period. The city was first mentioned in a document in 1128. Until 1191 it was in Guelph , then in Staufer possession, from 1268 to 1803 a free imperial city . Since the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the city first belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria , later to the Free State of Bavaria . Memmingen became the regional center in 1993 and has since been developed as such for the Upper Swabian, cross-border area of the Danube-Iller region according to the state development plan .
Early history (up to the 8th century AD)
In the area of what will later become the city of Memmingen, there was already a small watch and settlement post in Roman times. The places Cassiliacum or Viaca come into question . Remnants of it are under the St. Martin's Church and the Antonierkloster . Several remains of the Roman wall were also discovered in the nearby Amendingen district . It cannot be said whether a new lord took over the settlement immediately after the Romans left. The patronymic place names (which include the name Memmingen) were formed around the 4th to the 8th century. In the 150 years from 500 AD, therefore, very little is known about the settlement of the corridors. There are only a few graves in the area of today's Amendingen and traces of settlement in the Ferthofen an der Iller area . A previous church of the Marienkirche can be dated before 500 on the basis of earlier foundations. Since the area of the St. Gallen monastery ended shortly before Memmingen, documents about the corridors in the Augsburg monastery must have been available. However, due to the frequent destruction of the Augsburg library, unique and irretrievable documents were lost. Due to the ending -ingen, which belongs to the first layer of place names in Swabia, it can be assumed that the name was given in the 4th to 5th centuries. It is therefore fairly certain that an Alemannic settlement was founded in the 5th century . The namesake, Alemanne Mammo, gave names to many settlements (including Hohenmemmingen , Mammendorf and Mamming ). A Frankish royal court is suspected from the 7th century . The name Memmingen can be traced back to a royal court near the Mammo settlement. Over time, the settlement gradually disappeared and only the name remained. It is assumed that the Mammo settlement was located at today's motorway junction, the royal court was probably located in today's city center near the market square. In 1990, during emergency excavations, remains of ashes were found only up to the elephant pharmacy. This layer of ash probably comes from the destruction of Memmingen by Friedrich II of Swabia in 1130.
Middle Ages to 17th century
The cremation of Memmingen by Friedrich II. Of Swabia in 1130 shows that Memmingen was apparently already of great importance for the Guelphs at that time , as Friedrich would certainly not have undertaken such an action for any small farming settlement, even under the premise that Ravensburg and Altdorf (now Weingarten) were hit just as much as Memmingen. The settlement that can be documented today was located in the area of the Antonite monastery . A pit house was found there in 1991, in which the remains of a loom could be detected.
The trading post gained increasing importance through the Salt Road from Bohemia , Austria and Munich to Lindau and the Italian Road from Northern Germany to Switzerland and Italy . The place "Mammingin" was first mentioned in 1128, when the negotiation of a dispute and a state parliament from 1099 were mentioned. This statement also means at the same time that Memmingen was already of great relevance for the Guelphs, as state parliaments only took place in centers of power politics. This document was drawn up in the Ochsenhausen monastery . The town of Memmingen grew into a city relatively quickly. Excavations in 1991 in the area of the Antoniterkloster and the market place show on the basis of found ceramic fragments that the settlement in the 9th century must have been relatively sparse. In the 11th and 12th centuries, however, a high population growth can be traced. As early as 1142, Heinrich the Lion sealed the "Villa nostra Maemingen". Shortly afterwards, in February 1151, Henry the Lion, Welf VI , met in the city . , the Staufer Duke Friedrich III. von Swabia , Count Adolf II. , Count Gottfried von Ronsberg as well as several Hohenstaufen and Guelf ministerials to find a compromise in the ongoing dispute between the Guelphs and the Hohenstaufen . This event shows what high status the place must have already had at that time. At that time, high welf ministerials must have lived in Herrenstrasse. The many additions to the name “von Memmingen” among this population class allow this conclusion. In 1158, Memmingen was founded by Duke Welf VI. raised to the city . The first fortifications, however, were built around the year 1000, albeit only with trenches and wooden palisades. These were found and verified during excavations in 1991. The first monastery founded outside the city gates was founded in 1167 with the Schottenkloster by the "mild Welf". With the death of the childless duke in 1191, the city passed to the Staufer Konrad , brother of Emperor Heinrich VI. over.
In 1214 the Antoniterkloster (in Memmingen "Antonier") was founded. It was probably the second monastery of the order on German soil. Konradin von Hohenstaufen died in Naples in 1268 . With that the city fell back to the empire. In 1286 the city was made a free imperial city by Rudolf I von Habsburg and thus directly subordinated to the emperor . At the beginning of the 13th century, the old Guelph city was too small. Therefore, the Staufer city was included in the city fortifications until 1268. The period from the 14th to the 16th century was the heyday of the free imperial city. This is particularly evident in the lively construction activity, trade and the flourishing of culture. In 1347 the first mayor was mentioned next to the Ammann.
In 1348 the city was hit by the great plague epidemic. The population decreased noticeably. As in many other imperial cities, this was blamed on the Jews . These were murdered and burned in November of that year, and their property was confiscated. On June 20, 1349, Emperor Charles IV forgave the city. There were still larger Jewish settlements in Ravensburg, Augsburg and Ulm. In 1373 Emperor Charles IV gave permission to shield Jews in the city of Memmingen for six years. In 1401 and 1414 a Jewish tax was mentioned, which was to be paid to the king. A formal naturalization of a Jew has been obtained from 1427. The council took on a Jew named Vryn from Günzburg for five years for a tax of 2 gulden and a contribution of 8 gulden to building the city. At the same time, he had to undertake to charge only three hellers per Rhenish guilder per week for money transactions. He could ask for four hellers from ausleuten. In 1428 there was a similar contract with a Laemblin, a Jew from Zurich . In 1431 the Jews Kungund and Fröd were admitted tax and building money free, they only had to pay a guard fee. No Jews can be found in the city in 1524. The city issued a restrictive order against them and ordered the citizens “not to deal with the Jews at all, and not to let Jews in, then they would be clandestinely indignant.” This was probably directed against the settlement of Jews in nearby Amendingen. Citizens should not have any financial or trade relations with Jews. On March 17, 1531, however, the city council decided that Jews, accompanied by a city servant, were allowed to come into the city during the day against payment and marked with a "yellow ring". Emperor Karl V obtained a privilege that forbade Jews to lend Memmingen citizens money without the knowledge of the council. In the event of non-compliance, the Jews were imprisoned and the citizens of Memmingen were threatened with expulsion from the city.
Around 1340 the so-called Wegbach settlement, also known as the Upper Town, and the Gerberviertel were connected to the old Guelph city by a wall belt. As a result, trade and industry also developed splendidly in the Upper Town. This walling was completed around 1380, the gates with the Lindauer Tor (1371) and the Kempter Tor (1395) were completed later. For this task, the emperor issued regulations for customs duties and other charges.
In the 15th century, the Memmingen trading family Vöhlin merged with the Augsburg trading family Welser to form the Great German Company. This trading company also undertook the first trading trip to Venezuela . The art was promoted by the wealthy merchants and so many masterpieces of German painting and carving were created in Memmingen.
In 1429, two Jews from Memmingen provided a guarantee for six Jews captured in Ravensburg. This is also the last piece of news about Jews in the city chronicles and writings of the end of the Middle Ages. The first girls' school in Germany was set up in Memmingen in 1435. In 1445 the city was extended for the last time with a wall belt. The Ulmer Tor and four new towers ( begging tower , swallowtail tower , white flour sack , Luginsland ) were built. The Luginsland Tower was the highest tower in the city fortifications until it was demolished, which is what gave it its name.
In 1475 the city decided to build the entrance instead of the previous guard house . This gate was the only way to get into the city after the gate closed until the night closure was canceled. In 1478 a paper mill was built in the city by Peter Fort. This enabled Albrecht Kunne from Duderstadt to set up a printing press in 1480 . Around 200 prints were made in this office by 1520. Among other things, the word “America” was printed there for the first time in the world in 1519 as a name for the new continent in Memmingen (Jacob Stoppl's repertory in formam alphabeticam ... ).
Emperor Friedrich III. visited the city in 1485 and stayed in the Künershaus . The city council presented him with cash, silver dishes, wine, 150 fish and much more. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Emperor Maximilian I visited the city a total of 13 times. He also called it his "resting and sleeping cell". Because of his close relationship with the city, he also appointed the city's greatest artist, Bernhard Strigel , as his house and court painter, who first portrayed him in 1504. The choir stalls in St. Martin , one of the most important choir stalls in Germany , were also built at this time .
From 1505–1506 the Great German Company took part in the first trade voyage from Portugal to India with ten ships, two of which were provided by the Vöhlins from Memmingen. From 1513 the Reformation was introduced in Memmingen . At first it was a popular movement. After the Memmingen disputation , it gained momentum. The people of Memmingen allied themselves with the rebellious peasants in the Peasants' War . That is why the Upper Swabian peasantry held their meeting in Memmingen and founded their Christian Association there . On March 20, 1525, the rebellious peasants in the Kramer guild proclaimed their 12 articles , the first declaration of human rights worldwide.
On June 9, 1525 troops of the Swabian League occupied the city. 200 horsemen and 700 soldiers brought the end of the "common man" uprising in Memmingen. This meant the German Peasants' War , which was ended by the invasion of the Swabian Federation troops in Memmingen. The imperial city was besieged by the Obergünzburger heap for another month. In mid-July 1525, more troops of the imperial inheritance of Georg von Waldburg-Zeil , known as the Bauernjörg, broke the resistance of the "common man". At the welcoming of the federal troops by the city council delegation, the captains Diepold von Stein, Eitelhans Sigmund von Berg and Linhard von Gundelsheim declared that they had been instructed to take action against the preachers and other leaders. Sebastian Lotzer could not be found by the end of April and Schappeler was able to flee with 40 other citizens of the city in the direction of St. Gallen. He never went back to Memmingen. Two citizens and three peasants and a month later three more citizens and two peasants were executed by sword. Shortly after the invasion, the federal government's request to demolish the houses of the people who had fled, confiscate their property and banish their wives and children was prevented by the city council. The council had called the Swabian Federation for military support. Both the external threat from the peasants and the internal threat, based on predicants and radical citizens, were averted in the autumn of 1525 after the end of the peasant revolt. On May 4, 1526, Memmingen sent a contingent of troops to Salzburg to obey the Swabian League. In return, the federal government agreed that the Upper Swabian cities should regain blood jurisdiction over fugitives. Against abuses of the clergy one proceeded and expelled all "Pfaffendirnen" from the city. The mass could be read, vigils could be held again and the rite of the Roman Church was allowed in full.
Memmingen's greatest painter of the Middle Ages, Bernhard Strigel , died in 1528. In 1529, the city was one of the representatives of the Protestant minority ( Protestation ) at the Reichstag in Speyer . Their citizenship demanded the unhindered spread of the evangelical creed.
Memmingen's "golden age" with its successful trading companies and trades ended in 1550. The contrast between the House of Habsburg and the French dynasty of the Valois hampered traditional trade with northern Italy and the Mediterranean. With the discovery of America, the action shifted to Atlantic trade and the northern seaports. The Turkish expansion and the first major siege of the Danube city of Vienna by an Ottoman army of 100,000 men required the entire concentration of the imperial army. This resulted in higher tax burdens for the city. Traditional sales markets in the Danube region, especially in Hungary, collapsed and trade routes closed the city for centuries. Memmingen closed in and became a regional center. The surrounding imperial cities of Ulm and Augsburg outstripped Memmingen many times over.
The first witch trial took place in Memmingen in 1566 before a secular court against a witcher named Hayder. Numerous more followed, although the records of the exact number are unclear. In 1607 a weaver revolt took place in the imperial city.
In 1630, the city moved back into the focus of European politics when the imperial generalissimo in the Thirty Years' War , Albrecht von Wallenstein , moved into the city on June 9 and there, together with his large court, set up his residence in the Fugger building for four months. He received guests and delegations such as the papal nuncio Rocci, confidante Cardinal Richelieu , Père Joseph , and Prince Ulrich of Denmark . Banquet and tournament games were held. In the city chronicle it says: "It was lucky and Heyl!" The Wallenstein Festival is a reminder of this time. At the Electoral Congress in Regensburg in July 1630, Wallenstein was deposed as commander in chief of the imperial army .
On April 16, 1632 a Swedish detachment of 1,000 men under Lieutenant Colonel William Gunn from the corps of Major General Patrick Ruthven occupied the city of Memmingen. Ruthven stationed a further 2,000 men in the city until June and expected the arrival of the Swedish King Gustav Adolf , who arrived in the imperial city on June 4, 1632 with other strong army units, also quartered in the Fuggerbau, but soon withdrew to Bavaria. Again in the spring of 1634 there was a siege of the city by Swedish troops of Field Marshal Gustaf Horn , who camped near Buxach and Amendingen. The besiegers dug trenches that reached from the Westertor to the large Hornwerk between the Wester- and Niedergassentor with the large hill. On April 12, the Vorwerk in front of the Niedergassentor was shot at with 4 half cartoons that had been brought from Augsburg and Ulm. In the evening of April 13th the big hill was stormed, with 250 dead on both sides. On April 14th, the city was handed over to the Swedes by the commandant Gerhard Graf von Arco, with 400 men of the garrison going over to the Swedes. In 1635 the city was besieged and captured by the imperial troops.
18th century to World War II
In 1702, Bavarian troops besieged the city and conquered it. This was the first time that Memmingen became Bavarian. During this time the still existing Red Barracks and the Black Barracks, which have since disappeared, were built on the south side of the city wall. It was planned to expand Memmingen into a fortress, but this failed due to the course of the war. Had the plans been carried out, Memmingen would have become practically impregnable in future wars. Memmingen received a monopoly for the Bavarian salt trade from the Bavarian government in 1711.
In 1745 the Künersberg faience was founded. In their time they were considered one of the largest faience manufacturers in Germany. Today you can buy the faience z. B. in the Nymphenburg Palace in the city museum and in Munich. Born in Memmingen, long-distance trade merchant Benedict von Herman was the first and only guilder millionaire in Swabia. He owned the largest German company in Venice .
In 1799 the city was divided into sticks. Shortly afterwards, in 1802, it was occupied by the Napoleonic troops and in 1803 it was incorporated into the Electorate of Bavaria as part of the mediatization after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . The requests of the city leaders and the Reich Chancellery Director of Lupine were just as unsuccessful as with the other imperial cities . The city was last besieged in 1805. The French troops had received orders to demolish all of the city's defenses . At the request of the citizens and the Reich Chancellery Director of Lupine , however, they spared the majority of the facilities. Only the five largest and most important towers of the city wall fell victim to Napoleon (Luginsland, Weißer Mehlsack, Hafendeckelturm and two towers on the east-south side of the city wall between the Kempter and Lindauertor, the best fortified place in the city). Likewise, all the jumps and wall structures had to give way.
On June 7, 1834, Ursula Brandmüller was beheaded in front of 20,000 onlookers . It was the last public execution in Memmingen. At that time too, Memmingen was known for its handicrafts. For example, the last Tsar of Russia had the still-preserved wrought-iron entrance gate for his residence in St. Petersburg made by the art locksmith Amann, who is based in Memmingen in Zwinggasse . After all of Memmingen's efforts to establish a railway connection fell on deaf ears with the Bavarian government, the city decided to build a railway line itself. On September 13, 1861, Memmingen received the concession for the Illertalbahn , which branched off from the state railway at Neu-Ulm and ran upstream to Kempten. The first section from Ulm to Memmingen was opened on October 12, 1862, the second from Memmingen to Kempten on June 1, 1863.
In 1872 the last active Mastersingers in Germany were dissolved in Memmingen. This centuries-old tradition was given up, especially by the emerging male choirs. The outstanding artist of this time was the cabinet maker Leonhard Vogt . Among other things, he restored the choir stalls of St. Martin in a way that was unique for that time so that the old was preserved and not simply replaced by new. He also created the neo-Gothic altar in St. Mang. In the 19th century there was also a Jewish community in Memmingen again. The Jews came mainly from the Upper Swabian communities such as Fellheim and Osterberg . After the destruction of the Jewish cemetery in the Middle Ages, the still existing cemetery was laid out in Gasse Am Judenfriedhof in 1875 . There are a total of 140 graves on four grave fields. There is also a war memorial for the fallen Jews in Memmingen in the First World War.
A slow economic decline was observed in the 19th century, which only slowed down in 1862 with the construction of the Illertalbahn . The railway construction was not wanted by the Kingdom of Bavaria at that time. After long and tough negotiations with Munich, no compromise was found, so the townspeople once again took the project into their own hands. She decided to finance the construction of the railway herself. The line to Ulm was opened as the first section . This led to a new economic boom. However, almost the entire eastern part of the city wall, including gates and towers, was sacrificed, only the powder tower survived in the built-up way. The number of Jewish citizens of Memmingen reached its zenith in 1895 with 231 people. In 1900 Wilhelm Ammann from Memmingen received the “Grand Prix” at the World Exhibition in Paris .
In 1908 a lookout tower erected in front of the city gates in 1904 was named after Otto von Bismarck. With the Bismarck Tower , Memmingen, like many other cities, commemorated the first German Chancellor. The Memmingen Bismarck Tower is still standing, although the trees, which have grown tall, block the view.
In the years 1927–1929 the largest church building between the First and Second World Wars in Germany was built in Memmingen. However, until after the Second World War, St. Josef only functioned as the town church; the parish church was until then St. Johann Baptist on the market square.
As recently as 1928, the position of a religion teacher, cantor and schochet was advertised in the Bayerische Israelitische Gemeindezeitung . It should be a Reich German person with a corresponding seminar and academic education. The employment took place in accordance with the civil service law of the Association of Bavarian Israelite Congregations .
In 1929 the first asphalting of some streets in Memmingen took place.
Memmingen during the Nazi era
After the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933, the city of which was NSDAP with the mayor Heinrich Berndl out. Adolf Hitler was granted honorary citizenship of the city (as in almost all German cities). There was also an Adolf Hitler Square in the city.
Jewish community
After 161 Jews had lived in the city in 1933, there were only about 40 in 1940. Most emigrated (67), some of them also moved to other communities (37). From 1936 the Jews of the city were forbidden to use the city slaughterhouse. The economic boycott was carried out particularly violently by the urban population. As a result, the Jewish community members had to sell their houses and other property very quickly. In the summer of 1939 the last members of the community (around 60) had to live in five houses and in 1941 the 40 people who were still alive had to move into a house with two apartments. In the spring of 1942, 25 Jews from Memmingen were brought to Fellheim, deported from there and killed in the concentration camps in the east of the Reich.
The synagogue on the Schweizerberg , which was ceremonially opened on September 8, 1909 , was destroyed in the November pogrom of 1938. The destruction order from Augsburg was implemented by the NSDAP district leader in Memmingen. The city's Jewish citizens were detained and the community archives confiscated. Before the synagogue was destroyed, all valuables were removed from it. It was blown up with TNT explosives and demolished by the townspeople. School children and their teachers also took part in this. The Jewish community had to cover the cost of 12,000 Reichsmarks. A memorial stone on the square of the former synagogue commemorates this event. The house of the Jewish religion teacher was also destroyed, as well as another 23 houses and three shops in Kramer-, Herren- and Moltkestrasse.
Second World War
During the Second World War , Memmingen was not spared from Allied air raids. On February 18, 1943, Joseph Goebbels gave his famous speech in the Berlin Sportpalast , in which he announced total war without regard to civilian casualties. This also had consequences for Memmingen. A primary objective of the war was the air base Memmingerberg of the Luftwaffe in nearby Memmingerberg . The first major attack on the eyrie took place on March 18, 1944.
In two bomb attacks on the city itself, on July 20, 1944 and April 9, 1945, almost the entire southern old town and the tanners' quarter were razed to the ground. A third major attack on the city took place shortly before the end of the war on the Führer’s birthday on April 20, 1945. In total, over 30% of the residential buildings were destroyed, including buildings such as the seven-roof house , which, however, was immediately supported and thus saved from total destruction. The station district was also completely destroyed. This is how Memmingen built its third station, which stood by the end of the 20th century. 630 people lost their lives as a result of the bombing. 635 buildings were completely or largely destroyed. 300 apartments were totally destroyed and 975 badly damaged. Aircraft alarms or warnings were given 437 times in the last 16 months of the war .
On the Hühnerberg there was the prisoner-of-war camp Stalag VII B , in which over 1250 prisoners were housed. Sometimes they had to use gyms because the warehouse was overcrowded. Diseases did not spread across the board there, which suggests relatively good hygiene in the camp.
On April 25, 1945, reports reached the city that the Americans were near Kellmünz and the French were west of Bad Wurzach . Since one could not expect anything good from the French Army de Choc with their thrown together contingents, it was generally hoped that the Americans would come to Memmingen earlier than the French to the Iller. The city was then left without a fight by Mayor Dr. Berndl handed over to the advancing forces of the United States on April 26, 1945 at 4:45 p.m. Approx. 1000 Panzergrenadiers with 40 to 80 heavy tanks and 100 other motorized cars of the 10th Armored Division of the United States Army under the command of General George S. Patton advanced from Heimertingen into the city. The Americans behaved correctly towards the civilian population and there was little looting. The American, British and French flags were hoisted at the town hall. City commandant was a Lieutenant Colonel Wolter; Mayor Dr. Berndl remained temporarily in office. The Americans moved on and conquered Munich on April 30, 1945. The US Army turned to the Alps and on May 3, met their compatriots at the Brenner Pass , who had occupied Northern Italy from the south. On May 8, 1945, the Second World War was officially over.
1945 to 1999
Memmingen has been a prosperous city since the Second World War, with economic growth above the Bavarian average. After the Second World War, the city council considered whether the Stadtbach in the old town should be covered, which would have created a road ring that would have relieved the main road at that time. Fortunately for the city and for Fisherman's Day , this idea was rejected after about four years of consultation. The Ottobeurer house had to give way to the Maxi-Center in the 1970s. In 1972 a federal road was designated as a pedestrian zone in Memmingen for the first and so far last time.
In 1956 the place became the setting for the Sparkasse educational film The Big Groschen .
The Wallenstein Festival first took place in 1980. Also in the 1980s, Memmingen once again moved into the public eye with the nationwide largest abortion trial against a local doctor (also known as the Memmingen Crusade). The starting point of these processes was the implementation of abortions without the legally required advice for women. The doctor ignored this law and made the women believe that his advice was sufficient. Ignorance and blind trust led to countless convictions in the so-called Memmingen trials .
In 1993 the city was upgraded to the regional center .
2000 until today
In 2000 the State Garden Show took place in Memmingen. A previously fallow area shortly before the old town became a recreational area used for events. This state horticultural show was the most successful up until then, which was also reflected in the balance sheet: In the end, over 1.2 million visitors ensured an increase in the total balance sheet. There was another major event in 2000. The then Federal President Johannes Rau visited the city on the occasion of the 475th anniversary of the proclamation of the 12 farmer's articles, with a festive service in St. Martin and a reenactment of the proclamation of the articles on the market square .
In 2001 the new train station was inaugurated. The German Bahn AG was there testing a new modular design. Due to the relatively high costs that this construction method requires, Memmingen will probably remain the only city with these modules.
In 2004 the city received the Bavarian Quality Award for being the most business-friendly municipality in Bavaria.
In 2005, the city awarded the Memmingen Freedom Prize of 1525 for the first time . The then Bundestag President Wolfgang Thierse presented it to Gyula Horn . In the future, this prize is to be awarded at irregular intervals to important people who have rendered outstanding services to civil liberties. Also this year a guided city tour for the blind took place for the first time in Germany. Here, miniatures of many city buildings were made available to the blind so that they too could imagine what the buildings would look like.
In 2007, the redesign of Maximilianstraße was completed, which developed back into the promenade that it used to be. The city council decided to further redesign the Weinmarkt and Schrannenplatz. Scheduled air traffic also started in 2007 at Memmingen Airport , which is located in the municipality of Memmingerberg, but is of great importance for the city. On July 26, 2007, the new Memmingen football arena was inaugurated. A sports infrastructure that was probably unique for the Bayernliga was created for four million euros . Also in July 2007, the city received the Bavarian City Marketing Prize in its category. In addition, the city council decided to build a new state secondary school on the former slaughterhouse, which was completed by 2010 based on designs by the Leipzig architects Schulz und Schulz . The municipal secondary school is to be completed by the beginning of the 2010 school year at the same time. In February 2008 the renovation of the wine market began. Another major construction project is coming to an end. After more than 35 years of discussion in the city council, the architectural competition for a new combined indoor and outdoor pool was held on the site of the previous outdoor pool (also known as the city pool). This project is currently being worked on by the city administration. Construction should start in 2009. On April 26, 2008, a Fatih Mosque (German: Conqueror Mosque) was opened in Schlachthofstrasse . The year 2008 can also be described as the year of renovations. So the wine market was redesigned and handed over to the population in October. Extensive renovation work begins at Schrannenplatz and is due to be completed on October 10, 2010. The former Elsbethenkloster , the Memminger Zeitung building and three historic craftsmen's houses in Lindentorstrasse fell victim to this construction project and were replaced by a large-scale concrete structure, which is largely used by the clothing company C&A .
On March 20, 2009, the Federal President Horst Köhler visited the city with his wife Eva Luise Köhler . The visit took place on the occasion of the award of the second Memming Freedom Prize 1525 , which was awarded to the winner Reiner Kunze in the St. Martin's Church in the morning . On April 11th, 2009 the city anthem Memmingen blooms was presented on the Theaterplatz. The financing contract between Germany and Switzerland for the electrification of the Geltendorf – Memmingen – Lindau railway was signed on April 17, 2009 in the Memmingen town hall by the director of the Swiss Federal Office of Transport, Dr. Max Friedli and Klaus-Dieter Josel, DB Group representatives for the Free State of Bavaria, signed. On August 14, 2010, Memmingen was mentioned in the New York Times as an example of the German way of coping with the financial crisis . The Swedish furniture giant Ikea intended to build a furniture store with an adjacent retail center at the motorway intersection. There were delays due to massive resistance from the city council. After the death of the founder Ingvar Kamprad , the concerns of the city council meant that the furniture store, like others in the world, would not be realized.
See also
literature
- Joachim Jahn and others: The history of the city of Memmingen. Vol. 1: From the beginning to the end of the imperial city . Theiss, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-8062-1315-1 .
- Paul Hoser: The history of the city of Memmingen. Vol. 2: From a new beginning in the Kingdom of Bavaria to 1945 . Theiss, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1316-X .
- Memminger history sheets. Journal of Heimatpflege Memmingen eV ( list of articles from 1961; PDF ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jochen Garbsch, Peter Kos: The late Roman fort Vemania near Isny. Two treasure finds from the early fourth century (= Munich contributions to prehistory and early history. Vol. 44). CH Beck, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-406-33303-6 , p. 109.
- ↑ Adalbert mixed Levski: The history of the city of Memmingen. From the beginning to the end of the imperial city . Konrad Theiss, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-8062-1315-1 , p. 248 f .
- ↑ The history of the Memmingen Jews
- ↑ 1StaatsAAug MüB RU Mem 67; 1373 Oct 14.
- ↑ StadtAMM A RPr 1524 Nov. 14
- ↑ Julius Miedel: The Jews in Memmingen. On the occasion of the inauguration of the Memmingen synagogue. Otto, Memmingen 1909.
- ^ StA Augsburg, RU Memmingen 666.
- ↑ Memmingen Jewish Cemetery on alemannia-judaica.de
- ↑ Golo Mann : Wallenstein. His Life , Frankfurt am Main 2016 (first 1971), pp. 668–672
- ↑ Peter Engerisser, Pavel Hrncirik: Nördlingen 1634. The battle near Nördlingen, turning point of the Thirty Years War . Späthling, Weißenstadt 2009; Pp. 38-41; ISBN 978-3-926621-78-8 .
- ↑ Peter Engerisser, Pavel Hrncirik: Nördlingen 1634. The battle near Nördlingen, turning point of the Thirty Years War . Späthling, Weißenstadt 2009; Pp. 59-60; ISBN 978-3-926621-78-8 .
- ↑ Hartmut Zückert: The history of the city of Memmingen. From the beginning to the end of the imperial city period . Theiss, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-8062-1315-1 , p. 835 .
- ↑ Memmingen, Keys to the City, Maximilian Dietrich Verlag, Sabine Rogg and Christoph Engelhard, ISBN 978-3-87164-166-4 , Memmingen, 2007
- ↑ The history of the Memmingen Jews
- ^ Anni Schmid: The bombing raids on Memmingen in the years 1944/45. In: Memminger Geschichtsblätter , annual issue 1978.
- ^ Paul Hoser: The history of the city of Memmingen. From a new beginning in the Kingdom of Bavaria to 1945. Theiss, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 3-8062-1316-X , pp. 268/269.
- ^ The occupation of Memmingen on April 26, 1945. In: Memminger Geschichtsblätter , Annual Issue 1989/90, p. 50.
- ^ Report by Dr. Berndl. In: Memminger Geschichtsblätter , annual issue 1989/90.
- ↑ State Office for Statistics in Bavaria
- ↑ The Memmingen pedestrian zone is to be renovated. Retrieved March 14, 2011 .
- ^ Staatliche Realschule on the website of the city of Memmingen (accessed on March 4, 2011).
- ↑ The opening of the new Fatih Mosque was celebrated with a three and a half hour program. In: Memminger Zeitung of April 28, 2008, p. 33.
- ↑ Lt. Siebendächerbaugenossenschaft, Mr. Long.
- ↑ Information on the city anthem. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 16, 2012 ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Defying Others, Germany Finds Economic Success. Retrieved August 23, 2010 .
- ↑ Ikea stops planned location Memmingen. Retrieved December 22, 2019 .
