History of the city of Tirschenreuth

History of Tirschenreuth

Timeline

First mention 1134 Granting of market rights 1306 Awarded city rights 1364 Assassination of Winsheim 1592 Swedish idea 1648 City fire 1814

Affiliation

Ortenburger (until 1217) Waldsassen Abbey (1217–1583) Electoral Palatinate (1583-1623) Electoral Palatinate Bavaria (1623-1806) Kingdom of Bavaria (1806-1918) Free State of Bavaria (since 1918)

The history of the city of Tirschenreuth can be traced back to the 10th century, when the first traces of human life appeared in the area. The place was first mentioned in a document as "Dursin Rod" in 1134 on a deed of donation. After Tirschenreuth came under the rule of the Waldsassen monastery at the beginning of the 13th century , the place was continuously expanded to become the center of the Stiftland and fortified with two large city ponds that surrounded Tirschenreuth like islands. With the acquisition of city rights in 1364, the position as a central location in the region was further strengthened. The assassination of the monastery governor Valentin Winsheim in 1594 resulted in a time of lawlessness and stagnation, which was made even worse by the Thirty Years' War . After the great city ​​fire of 1814 , rapid development began with industrialization (development of the porcelain industry) and the railway, which culminated in the 1920s and 1930s.

First settlement until the 14th century

Prehistory and first mention

The first people who settled in the area of ​​today's Tirschenreuth were probably Slavs who came through the Eger and Wondrebtal in the 7th or 8th century and settled there. The first traces of human life can only be traced back to the period from 938 to 1057, when the Babenberg margraves had gained control of Bavaria. At that time Tirschenreuth was very important, from there the German settlement of the Egerland began . Tirschenreuth was first mentioned in a document in 1134. In a parchment document with the seal of Regensburg Bishop Heinrich I von Wolfratshausen it is written:

Deed from 1134

“Let it be known to all believers in Christ that Margrave Diepold von Vohburg-Cham handed over two equally named farms, namely Wernisrute, to our monastery with an authorized hand for the salvation of his wife Kunigunde, so that they may remain forever for the benefit of the servants of God there. Witnesses for this are: Altmann von Eigenburch, Gebhardus von Luikenberg, Konrad von Biburch, Berthold von Scamobeten, Ulrich von Lumma, his brother Pilgrin, Udalrich von Liebenstein, and his brother Adalbero, Truchseß Adalbert and his brothers Konrad and Udalschalk, the official Otto, the pastor of Egire (Eger), the pastor and Gundereben (Wondreb), the pastor of Phidele (Beidl), the pastor of Dursinrute (Tirschenreuth), the pastor of Radewiche (Redwitz) and several others. "

The place was owned by the Counts of Leiningen in 1138 , who probably bought it from the Hohenstaufen ruler Konrad III. as a fief. Then Tirschenreuth came into the possession of the Lords of Hartenberg and later of the Counts of Ortenburg . At the end of the 12th century the area was already very lively and in order to create a varied food supply, the upper town pond was created for fish farming on an area of ​​150 days .

Tirschenreuth owned by the monastery

In 1217, the Waldsassen monastery exchanged the Seebarn estate near Rötz and two other farms, whose monitoring and management was difficult due to the great distance, for the Tirschenreuth estate with the towns of Großklenau , Höfen , Kleinklenau and Lohnsitz . Under the rule of the monastery, the lower town pond was built between 1217 and 1219 at the instigation of Abbot Hermann , by sealing off the outflow of the Waldnaab at today's Sägmühle. As a result, Tirschenreuth was on an island that was surrounded by two large ponds. By 1260, the village of Tirschenreuth had developed so far that it was the seat of a judge. At the turn of the 13th to the 14th century, a parish church was built on the place where the parish church of the Assumption still stands today. King Albrecht I , at the instigation of the abbot Udalrich , granted the place the right to hold a weekly market every Tuesday in 1306, which made Tirschenreuth a market and the residents formed a civil community.

Gradually the trade developed, which was also favored by the location of the place at the crossroads of the trade routes from Regensburg and Nuremberg to Eger . The Waldsassen abbot Johann IV had a castle-like castle built in Tirschenreuth around 1330 , which no longer exists. The east side of the city was protected by a city ​​wall with semicircular towers and two city gates; During this time, the Klettnersturm was also created at the southern end of the wall. Under the abbot Johann V , Tirschenreuth was granted town charter at the request of the citizens in 1364 , whereby the mayor and council were allowed to regulate the communal relations themselves, but were still under the authority of the monastery. Only in 1470 did the monastery regain full control of its territory after a settlement and Abbot Nicholas IV had the damage repaired, including on the Tirschenreuth Castle.

From the end of the Middle Ages to the middle of the 17th century

Hussite Wars and Landshut War of Succession

The Klettnersturm was raised by two floors in 1529

After the death of King Ruprecht III. the Waldsassen abbot Konrad II was deposed by monks who were hostile to him and replaced as abbot by Bartholomäus Ermesreuther. Konrad went under the protection of Count Palatine Johann to the castle Falkenberg , his opponent Bartholomew asked Frederick VI. from Nuremberg for protection, who had Tirschenreuth occupied with troops. In 1414, Count Palatine Johann and mercenaries approached and besieged the city. After a short period of siege, the Count Palatine had the dam of the lower city pond excavated and was able to penetrate the town and forcibly drive away all opponents.

The Hussite Wars also hit the Waldsassen Abbey and the Stiftland hard. When the Imperial Army marched into Bohemia in 1422, Tirschenreuth was the headquarters and quarters for part of the armed forces, and when the Hussites invaded in 1428, Tirschenreuth and many markets and villages were attacked, burned and robbed. When another Bohemian incursion into the Waldsassen area around 1462 , Tirschenreuth suffered considerable indirect damage and, after the abbot's appeal for help, the Count Palatine Otto II and the Bavarian Duke Ludwig IX. occupied by Palatine troops. In July 1475, the first major fire destroyed half of the city.

During the Landshut War of Succession (1504/1505), the Waldsassen Abbey and its possessions were under the protection of Count Palatine Ruprecht of the Palatinate and thus had enemies to the north and west of his territory who invaded, murdered and plundered the land of the Abbey . When the captain and caretaker of Wunsiedel , Alexander von Lüchau , plundered the monastery in Waldsassen in 1504 , the abbot Georg I fled to Tirschenreuth. It is not known to what extent the city was affected in the war. After a few years of peace broke out in 1522 again a dispute about the patronage of the monastery between the Palatine and Elector Friedrich II. And, finally, the abbots with the flight of Abbot Nicholas V ended. Frederick II had his Amberg district judge and soldiers move into Tirschenreuth and entrusted his own secular persons with the administration of the city; In 1525 the elector himself came to Tirschenreuth and received homage as sovereign. Abbot Nikolaus V, who had meanwhile returned to Waldsassen, turned to the Imperial Court of Justice in Esslingen am Neckar and ensured that rule over the Stiftland had to be returned to the monastery. The rule of the monastery did not last long, however, because as early as 1543 Frederick II occupied the monastery in Waldsassen again and the new abbot forcibly agreed to recognize him as sovereign, to finally give up the independence of the monastery and to accept the Evangelical Lutheran denomination. While Friedrich II did not yet make any violent interventions in the religious affairs of the population of the Abbey Land, his successor Ottheinrich did this all the more eagerly. Shortly after taking office in 1556, he sent the first Protestant preacher to Waldsassen. So it came about that at the time of his death in 1559 many of the citizens already professed the new religion.

After a two-year stay in Waldsassen, Duke Reichard von Pfalz-Simmern settled in Tirschenreuth, where he lived in the Fischhof, improved the roads and paths and gave the citizens advantages in trade before he returned to his Principality of Simmern.

Assassination of Valentin Winsheim

Portrait of Valentin Winsheim after his murder by the citizens of the city

After Count Palatine Friedrich IV came to power, he tried to force Calvinism on his subjects, who had to renounce Catholicism only a few decades ago , which met with considerable resistance from the population. The Amberg government sent the chief bailiff Valentin Winsheim to the Stiftland to implement the decisions and instructions of the Count Palatine. On the evening of February 24, 1592, the conflict between the citizens of the city and the Palatinate official Winsheim came to a head to such an extent that he threatened to set fire to the place if they did not obey his orders. Valentin Winsheim was eventually beaten to death by an angry mob in the market square with rifles, halberds and spears.

The consequences of this murder were grave for the place. First of all, the mayors and councilors were dismissed, the city was deprived of all rights and an investigative commission was set up to investigate the course of events. The main perpetrators fled to neighboring Bohemia shortly after the crime.

The investigations were suspended for two years before a commission was reinstated in 1594. After interrogating more than a hundred witnesses, the results were sent to the government in Heidelberg, which forwarded them to several universities for assessment. The law faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg announced that six of the main participants should be killed with the sword. From Ingolstadt it was recommended that one of the perpetrators be wheeled , four to be killed by the sword and one in the pillory and then expelled from the country. The University of Altdorf decided to judge five of the men with the sword and punish one with expulsion from the country. The Philipps University of Marburg came to the conclusion that four men should be whacked and two should be killed by the sword. However, the government did not wait for the assessments from the universities, but decided itself on the punishments of the guilty.

After two years of activity, three main perpetrators were executed on September 22, 1596 , two other men suffered the same fate in November of the same year. Originally, even more people were supposed to be executed, but it was decided to show mercy and sentence them to permanent expulsion from the country and confiscation of half their property or heavy fines. The city itself had to atone for the deprivation of its most important freedoms and the payment of a heavy fine. For this, Tirschenreuth had to borrow money from various people and raise the so-called Winsheim levy from the residents for the settlement of debts and interest. Only when the Upper Palatinate passed to the Bavarian Elector Maximilian I , Tirschenreuth was given a free hand again.

Thirty Years' War

Map of Tirschenreuth 1617 with the two city ponds and the city on an island

In a major fire in 1613 in the lowest corner house of the market square, a total of 24 residential buildings and 22 outbuildings, almost half of all houses, were destroyed within a few hours.

After the outbreak of war in 1618, Tirschenreuth often served as quarters for troops from different nations. On April 16, 1621, the English Colonel Gray came to Tirschenreuth with 500 men and 50 horses and threatened the residents until they gave him shelter. He demanded food and drink as well as oats, hay and straw without paying for it. The Amberg government had previously ordered that the English troops be quartered and supplied with food. A little later, German troops also moved into quarters to face an enemy incursion from Bohemia. After the victorious advance of the Bavarian Duke Maximilian I, Tirschenreuth also had to submit. Because he did not trust the people of Upper Palatinate, he had them disarmed and made them defenseless against looting. In addition, the Duke was keen to re-bind the Evangelical Lutheran Upper Palatinate to the Catholic faith.

In February 1623, Emperor Ferdinand II revoked the electoral dignity of Elector Friedrich V , and so Tirschenreuth came into the possession of Maximilian I. This promoted the reintroduction of the Catholic faith. From him, Tirschenreuth received back in 1628 the city privileges that had been withdrawn because of the murder of Winsheim.

Another major fire occurred in 1633, triggered by a young soldier. After his rifle failed when he shot at a house, the second shot ignited a fire that destroyed the castle, the grain store next door, the prison, the hospital , the chaplain’s house and the church tower as well as 60 other houses and barns .

On February 27, 1641, the Swedish Colonel Harant attacked the city with a small troop, after he had previously burned the Fischhof. As a result, the residents were so alarmed that, for fear of the Swedish enemies, they did not offer any resistance, let them penetrate the city and also paid the more than 3000 guilders they were demanding. In order to prevent such attacks in the future, the imperial army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria occupied Tirschenreuth in 1646 until the shortage of food drove the soldiers away again.

In March 1648 the Swedish general Hans Christoph von Königsmarck came to Tirschenreuth via Mähring after taking Tachau . He had the city occupied and asked it to surrender, which was rejected by the citizens. After two unsuccessful attacks, he withdrew and appeared again on April 6, 1648 with twelve squadrons and heavy military equipment as well as around 100 captured peasants at the gates of the city. This time he refrained from an attack, but had the farmers dig up the lower town pond, which Tirschenreuth served for defense. The city was now forced to give up and opened the city gates. This was the third time in this war that they were in Swedish power. The troops plundered the city, which had been badly damaged by the many years of war; Tirschenreuth had become a poor town at the end of the Thirty Years' War.

Mid 17th century to early 19th century

Tirschenreuth again under the rule of the monastery

After the death of the Bavarian Elector Maximilian I on September 27, 1651, his son Ferdinand Maria ascended the Bavarian throne and the city of Tirschenreuth submitted to his rule in order to reaffirm the city's freedoms and privileges, which happened in 1666. At the request of his late father and also at the urging of the curia and because of the lack of clergy and teachers, the Upper Palatinate monasteries, including the Waldsassen monastery, were rebuilt in the course of the re-Catholicization . It received almost all of its previous property again, but it was subject to the sovereignty of the Electoral Palatinate. In order to prevent disputes between the monastery, which now regained control of Tirschenreuth, and the city, various rules on the distribution of rights between the monastery and the city were established in a jurisdiction comparison in 1684.

In the War of the Spanish Succession, the Bavarian Elector Maximilian II. Emanuel , who was allied with France, was defeated by the imperial troops in 1704. As early as the spring of 1703, Austrian troops advanced into what is now northern Bavaria, and by the end of the year the entire Upper Palatinate was occupied by Austria. From 1703 to 1714, Tirschenreuth served the Austrian soldiers as quarters again and again. When the Upper Palatinate was handed over to Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz on July 23, 1708 , Tirschenreuth got a new sovereign prince, who was completely unknown to the population until then. In the following decades the city and the surrounding Stiftland were marked by wars and famine.

The beginning of the 19th century was marked by secularization in Bavaria . The Waldsassen monastery was also dissolved and its property transferred to the state. The area that the state of Bavaria appropriated included the town of Tirschenreuth and six market communities as well as 129 villages and 43 hamlets and wastelands. From then on, the city belonged again to the Electorate of Bavaria , which was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 , and was no longer subject to spiritual rule.

After the monastery property was dissolved, the state offered the two city ponds for sale. The residents of the city thought it best to drain the two ponds and use them as agricultural land. So the two large city ponds were drained in 1808.

Industrialization and urban expansion

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  View of Tirschenreuth in front of ...

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  ... and after the city fire

On July 30, 1814, the great fire of Tirschenreuth took place , in which the city was almost completely destroyed within a few hours. Only the rectory and three neighboring small houses survived the fire almost unscathed. The fire disaster followed in the next few years price increases and famine. During the Biedermeier period and in the years that followed, Tirschenreuth was spared conflicts or burdens of war, the population lived in simple circumstances, was content and celebrated festivals.

Industrialization in Tirschenreuth began in the 1830s with the discovery of kaolin near Wondreb , which prompted the businessman Heinrich Eichhorn to apply to the city and the regional court to set up a porcelain factory. After lengthy negotiations and popular resistance to the project, approval was granted in 1838. The factory building was erected on the new road to Mitterteich , which was expanded with another kiln in 1847. The company was taken over by Lorenz Hutschenreuther AG in 1927 . In its heyday it had eight kilns and employed more than 1,000 people.

In the 1860s, the railway reached Stiftland with the opening of the railway line from Wiesau via Mitterteich to Eger in 1864 and 1865. At that time, Tirschenreuth was bypassed by an arch via Wiesau. The AG of the Bavarian Eastern Railways did not connect Tirschenreuth to the railway network until 1872 when a local railway branched off from Wiesau to Tirschenreuth , which was continued in 1903 to Bärnau.

With the connection to the railway network, the first larger industrial companies also settled. In 1886, the Hübel & Platzer steam sawmill was founded on Mitterteicher Strasse next to the city's future train station. The brothers Anton and Franz Hamm laid the foundation stone for today's Hamm AG in 1878 with a small locksmith business . At first they only did locksmith work before moving on to manufacturing agricultural machinery and chassis for gasoline engines. Another important company was founded in the early 1890s with the Bloch & Arnstein glass factory.

In the summer of 1864 (or 1865), King Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia and Otto von Bismarck stopped at the Gasthof zur Post before traveling on to Regensburg.

Between the First and Second World Wars

First World War

After the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the first civil guards were organized in Tirschenreuth to ensure public safety. Vehicles were checked by the police at the goalkeeper in Mitterteicher Strasse and at the municipal outdoor pool in Mähringer Strasse. For wounded soldiers, military hospitals were set up in the old district office and in the old hospital . Due to the extremely high inflation in the entire Reich, a so-called uniform bread was introduced on February 9, 1915, and bread stamps followed shortly afterwards in March. Further food stamps were issued in May 1916 for meat and sugar and later also for fat and eggs.

For the production of new military equipment, copper and brass equipment, tin lids and organ pipes and on March 1, 1917 bells and finally table linen from inns and window curtains from public buildings were confiscated in Tirschenreuth in 1916. The parish church had to give up two of its bells to be melted down during the war.

When on November 7, 1918 revolutionary forces overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in the course of the November Revolution under the leadership of Kurt Eisner of the USPD , Bavaria was declared a Free State . Only a few days later Eisner came to Tirschenreuth and gave a political address to the population from the bay window of the town hall. Between 1914 and 1918 a total of 186 Tirschenreuthers died in the war.

Time of the Weimar Republic

Emergency money over 20 million marks from the city of Tirschenreuth from 1923

After the end of the war, border guards were stationed in Tirschenreuth, as in other border towns, because they did not trust their new neighbor Czechoslovakia . A new resident guard was also founded in 1919 on a ministerial order under the leadership of Mayor Heinrich Mayer. In times of inflation, which the country had firmly under control, the Reichsbank did not issue banknotes with ever higher values. The city of Tirschenreuth was also forced to issue its own emergency money in twelve series with values ​​ranging from 500,000 to one trillion marks. To combat the housing shortage, the city created a total of 205 apartments by 1919 with state loans and the help of the building association, settlement bank and private individuals.

In the years from 1920 to 1930, more new buildings were erected outside the old town than in several hundred years before. So in 1918 the district office (today district office), in 1923 the post office in Bahnhofstrasse, in 1925 the St. Peter mission house and grammar school in the north of the city, the AOK building and in 1929 the agricultural school (today part of the district office). On the other hand, no larger companies settled in Tirschenreuth because of the proximity to the state border. In the mid-1920s, the post office started car traffic on the Tirschenreuth - Neustadt route, the Tirschenreuth - Falkenberg - Wiesau - Fuchsmühl connection was added in 1925 and traffic between Beidl and Wondreb via Tirschenreuth and the existing line to Mitterteich to after were added in 1926 Marktredwitz extended.

The effects of the economic crisis at the end of the 1920s were also felt in Tirschenreuth . Around ten percent of the population was dependent on care; the city had to raise almost 100,000 Reichsmarks for this, around a fifth of the entire city budget. In order to counteract the high expenditure, taxes were increased up to 100 percent at the end of 1930; In addition, new levies such as the beer tax, a beverage tax and a home luxury tax were introduced. In March 1930 the city council forbade the naturalization of foreigners, mainly job seekers from neighboring Bohemia. To prevent famine, the city distributed free potatoes and fuel; most urban projects, such as the construction of houses or a prison, had to be stopped.

National Socialism

Towards the end of the Weimar Republic, the political landscape in Tirschenreuth also radicalized. The National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) was able to almost quintuple its votes from 1928 to 1932, but was unable to replace the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) as the strongest party. After the great successes of the NSDAP in the Reichstag elections in 1933 , the National Socialists soon moved into Tirschenreuth and the swastika flag was hoisted at the town hall on March 10th of that year. On April 26th, a new city council met without prior election. In addition to the NSDAP local chairman Gustav Mayer, it also included four other new members; five previous members were no longer represented in the council. After the resignation of the SPD and BVP city ​​council members at the beginning of July 1933, this consisted entirely of National Socialists with the exception of the first mayor. In November, the city council tried to remove the mayor from his position because of unspecified dishonesty in his absence, but this failed. Mayor Heinrich Mayer did not leave office for health reasons until 1938, which was then taken over by the NSDAP.

The construction of apartments was continued as part of the “Reichskleinsiedlungen” housing program. In 1932 and 1933, a total of 26 settlements were built on the Ziegelanger. Since a few years later there was no longer enough space there, part of the new settlements in Neulerchenfeld and on Parkstrasse (today Franz-Heldmann-Strasse) were built.

During the November pogroms in 1938 , the shops and homes of Jewish business people in Tirschenreuth were devastated. On November 10, 1938, around 100 people gathered on the market square who were asked by the local group leader Mayer to destroy Jewish shops. The mob then moved to the three shops in Tirschenreuth, which were run by Jewish families, threw in window panes and destroyed inventory.

The second World War

At least 85,000 people were interned between 1938 and 1945 in the Flossenbürg concentration camp , which is not far away

When German troops marched into neighboring Czechoslovakia in March 1939, the situation in Tirschenreuth also deteriorated. All motor vehicles that were not needed for the city's supply had to be handed in as well as the horses . Food was rationed and food stamps introduced. It is estimated that around 250 Tirschenreuthers who had been drafted into the Wehrmacht never returned from the war.

Tirschenreuth was spared from war damage. In December 1944 only a few aerial bombs exploded near the village of Rothenbürg, but they did no damage. In the last years of the war, more and more war refugees arrived, who were accommodated and cared for in municipal facilities and hospitals . Towards the end of 1944, citizens first saw concentration camp prisoners when a train with prisoners derailed near Bayreuth and was supposed to be taken to the Flossenbürg concentration camp . The SA drove them to Tirschenreuth and from there to Flossenbürg.

In April 1945 the Allies advanced into the Stiftland and first attacked Konnersreuth , where units of the Wehrmacht and the SS were stationed. On the evening of April 20, 1945 it was decided not to offer any resistance to the advancing Americans. So the urban Volkssturm was dissolved, the anti-tank barriers were removed and all weapons were collected. Shortly before the arrival of the American occupiers on April 21st, the site elder identified Tirschenreuth as a hospital town in Bayreuth without the knowledge of the Wehrmacht High Command, signaling that no weapons were stored in the city. On April 21, 1945, shortly after 4:30 p.m., the city was occupied by American troops without fighting.

Since the Second World War

Post-war period until the 1980s

After the rail traffic in Tirschenreuth was stopped in 1989, the station stood empty for a long time and was finally demolished

Due to the growing population during and after the Second World War, the city's hospital became too small, and the spatial and hygienic conditions were no longer acceptable. Therefore, on August 7, 1951, the district council decided to build a new district hospital in Sankt-Peter-Strasse. Operations in the 140-bed house began in 1953. In 1955, Tirschenreuth's first higher educational institution was founded in the old hospital building with the municipal secondary school. In the 1960s, the Stiftland-Gymnasium emerged from the school .

With the Bavarian regional reform in 1978, the Tirschenreuth area was again administratively organized. The aim of the regional reform was to reduce the number of small communities and to create larger and more efficient communities. Around Tirschenreuth there were three places that were incorporated with effect from January 1st and a further 16 places that were incorporated on July 1st. This also brought about an enormous increase in the population. On January 1, 1983, Mooslohe was the last to be incorporated.

In the 1950s, rail traffic in Tirschenreuth had its peak. Since then, the traffic load on the route between Wiesau and Bärnau has steadily decreased. On February 28, 1975, passenger traffic between Tirschenreuth and Bärnau was suspended; The line between Wiesau and Tirschenreuth was closed on September 22, 1989 with the last trip of a VT 98 . Since then, Tirschenreuth has been one of the few Bavarian district towns without a rail connection. The tracks on the former railway line between Wiesau and Bärnau were completely dismantled; A cycle path has been set up along the way .

present

In the 1990s, Tirschenreuth had to cope with a considerable economic setback. In 1994 Lorenz Hutschenreuther AG, one of the city's largest employers, gave up the porcelain factory in Bahnhofstrasse; the final closure of the company followed the following year. After more than 150 years of porcelain production, which made the city of Tirschenreuth famous, the traditional craft came to an end. After a fire in the empty factory building, it was completely demolished and a shopping center was built on the site.

After almost 200 years on dry ground, the Fischhof Bridge is back in the water

In 2004 Tirschenreuth was included in the funding program Urban Redevelopment West of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development and has since carried out several urban redevelopment projects. The largest project to date was the redesign of the 10,000 square meter market square, in which the city invested around 4.5 million euros between 2007 and 2009. Since the redesign was controversial among the population, only a referendum brought the final decision for the reconstruction of the square. In 2010, the renovation of four partially empty residential and commercial buildings on the so-called Haimerlareal began on the market square.

After Tirschenreuth had already applied for the 2007 State Garden Show in vain, the city was awarded the contract for the 2013 State Garden Show , which took place from May to August 2013. The centerpiece was the partially rebuilt and around six hectare large city pond. Since the flooding of the city pond, the Fischhofbrücke has been in the water again after more than 200 years and no longer crosses a meadow as it did before. Green areas were created around the pond; The buildings of the former Schels brewery were demolished for the construction of a hotel and a restaurant.

Development of the place name

The name Tirschenreuth is a clearing name with the basic word -reute ( -reuth ), Middle High German -riute, that is, land made arable through clearing . The first part of the place name is probably due to a man named Turso who cleared the area for the new settlement. The city name has been changed many times over the centuries:

year	1140	1210	1217	1218	1219	1224	1275	1341	1412	1459	1716
Name development	dursin rod	tursinruth	tursinruit	tursinruth	tursenruth	Tursenreut	Türsenreut	Türssenreut	Türssenreut	Türsenreut	Dirschenreuth

Incorporations

In 1971 the villages of Hohenwald , Sägmühle and Ziegelhütte were incorporated. Lengenfeld near Tirschenreuth , Haid, Pilmersreuth an der Strasse , Rothenbürg and Tröglersreuth followed a year later . The most drastic change was brought about by the regional reform of the state of Bavaria in 1978, which resulted in Großklenau , Kleinklenau and Höfen on January 1, 1978 and Matzersreuth , Brunn , Gebhardshöhe, Gründlbach, Kleinkonreuth , Lohnsitz , Marchaney , Zeidlweid, Wondreb , Haidhof on May 1 , Hendelmühle and Holzmühle, Pilmersreuth am Wald and the localities of Wondrebhammer, Lodermühl and Rosall were incorporated. On January 1, 1983, Mooslohe was the last to be incorporated .

literature

• Johann Brunner and Max Gleißner: History of the City of Tirschenreuth 1933, revised edition from 1982.
• Joseph Wilhelm Wittmann: Some notes on the history of the city of Tirschenreuth: Tirschenreuth in the course of time , Hohenberg an der Eger 2006.
• Ingild Janda-Busl : Jews in the Upper Palatinate district town of Tirschenreuth (1872–1942) . Erich Weiß Verlag , Bamberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-940821-11-9 .
• Eberhard Polland: Back then in Tirschenreuth , Tirschenreuth 2010.
• Heribert Sturm : Altbayern Series I Issue 21: Tirschenreuth . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . For Bavarian State History, Munich 1970.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Hans Muggenthaler: Colonizing and economic activity of a German Cistercian monastery in the XII. and XIII. Century , Munich 1924, pp. 8, 9 and 72.
2. ^ Johann Brunner, Max Gleißner: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. Tirschenreuth 1982, pp. 10-12.
3. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 14.
4. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 15.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Information about Tirschenreuth. (No longer available online.) City of Tirschenreuth, archived from the original on May 29, 2013 ; Retrieved June 4, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, pp. 27, 28.
7. ↑ Joseph Wilhelm Wittmann: Some notes on the history of the city of Tirschenreuth: Tirschenreuth im Wandel der Zeiten , 1855, reprinted in 2006, p. 30.
8. ^ Joseph Wilhelm Wittmann: Some notes on the history of the city of Tirschenreuth: Tirschenreuth im Wandel der Zeiten , 1855, reissued in 2006, p. 44.
9. ^ Joseph Wilhelm Wittmann: Some notes on the history of the city of Tirschenreuth: Tirschenreuth im Wandel der Zeiten , 1855, reprinted in 2006, p. 50.
10. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 52.
11. ↑ Max Gleißner: The Age of the Reformation in Tirschenreuth . In: Tirschenreuth in the course of the tides . tape 4 . Steyler Verlagbuchhandlung, Tirschenreuth 1986, p. 53 .
12. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 61.
13. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 66.
14. ^ Joseph Wilhelm Wittmann: Some notes on the history of the city of Tirschenreuth: Tirschenreuth im Wandel der Zeiten , 1855, reprinted in 2006, p. 67.
15. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 69.
16. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 72.
17. ^ Joseph Wilhelm Wittmann: Some notes on the history of the city of Tirschenreuth: Tirschenreuth im Wandel der Zeiten , 1855, reprinted in 2006, p. 74.
18. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 87.
19. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 96.
20. ↑ Max Gleißner: The Tirschenreuther Nativity Book . Ed .: Oberpfalzverein Tirschenreuth. Tirschenreuth 1987, p. 22 .
21. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 103.
22. ↑ PorzellanKompass: Hutschenreuther: Brief Company History
23. ↑ The former branch line Wiesau - Tirschenreuth - Bärnau . Retrieved June 15, 2013.
24. ^ Eberhard Polland: At that time in Tirschenreuth . Verlag Bücherhaus Rode, Tirschenreuth 2010, p. 94 .
25. ^ Eberhard Polland: At that time in Tirschenreuth . Verlag Bücherhaus Rode, Tirschenreuth 2010, p. 106 .
26. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 111.
27. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 112.
28. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 114.
29. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reissued in 1982, pp. 114-123.
30. ^ Johann Brunner, Max Gleißner: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. Tirschenreuth 1982, pp. 557-558.
31. ^ Johann Brunner, Max Gleißner: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. Tirschenreuth 1982, p. 564.
32. ^ Johann Brunner, Max Gleißner: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. Tirschenreuth 1982, p. 575.
33. ↑ The New Day: Jewish pogrom also in Tirschenreuth . Retrieved June 20, 2013.
34. ^ Johann Brunner, Max Gleißner: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. Tirschenreuth 1982, p. 594.
35. ^ Brunner Johann, Gleißner Max: History of the city of Tirschenreuth. 1933, reprinted in 1982, p. 608.
36. ↑ : Tirschenreuth historical review (chronicle)
37. ↑ eisenbahnecke.de: The former branch line Wiesau - Tirschenreuth - Bärnau ( Memento of the original from January 8th 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
38. ^ Government of Upper Palatinate: Urban development funding in the Upper Palatinate (PDF; 832 kB)
39. ↑ Max Gleißner: Tirschenreuth in the course of the tides . tape 2 . Steyler Verlagsbuchhandlung, Tirschenreuth 1984, p. 104 .