Herring (Werra)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 50 ° 53 '  N , 10 ° 0'  E
Basic data
State :	Hesse
Administrative region :	kassel
County :	Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Height :	221 m above sea level NHN
Area :	61.17 km 2
Residents:	7153 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	117 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	36266
Primaries :	06624, 06674, 06678
License plate :	HEF, ROF
Community key :	06 6 32 009
City structure:	8 districts
City administration address :	Obere Goethestraße 17 36266 Heringen (Werra)
Website :	www.heringen.de
Mayor :	Daniel Iliev ( SPD )
Location of Heringen (Werra) in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district

Heringen (Werra) is a small town in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in eastern Hesse , directly on the border with Thuringia . The next larger cities are in the west Bad Hersfeld (28 km), in the northeast Eisenach (30 km) and in the north Kassel (80 km).

geography

Herring with the Wintershall plant of K + S Kali GmbH in the center of the picture. Taken from Monte Kali

Geographical location

The city lies on the Werra river , surrounded by the foothills of the Thuringian Forest , the Seulingswald and the Vorder Rhön .

The lowest point is 210  m above sea level. NN in the Werraaue. The highest point in the city limits is the Lehnberg at 471  m above sea level. NN .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are the community Wildeck in the northwest, the city Werra-Suhl-Tal with the districts Großensee , Dankmarshausen , Dippach and Vitzeroda in the north and east and the communities Philippsthal in the south and Friedewald in the west.

City structure

In addition to the core town of Heringen, the districts include Bengendorf , Herfa , Kleinensee , Leimbach , Lengers , Widdershausen and Wölfershausen .

history

The salt mountain (" Monte Kali ") of the Wintershall potash plant in Heringen

The Kleinensee district with the “Monte Kali” in the background

Border post of the GDR, on the Hessian-Thuringian border between Kleinensee and Großensee

Heringen is first mentioned in a document in 1153. The Fulda monastery enfeoffed the noble Heinrich von Heringen with the place around 1170. In the early 15th century, the Heringen court comprised today's urban area, the town of Harnrode (now part of Philippsthal ) and the Thuringian towns of Vitzeroda , Gasteroda and Abteroda . These three places now belong to the city of Werra-Suhl-Tal in the Wartburg district in Thuringia. In 1432 Margarethe von Heringen sold the court to the Landgraves of Hesse. Heringen thus belonged to the Landgraviate of Hesse and was affiliated with the Friedewald office. Only Harnrode and the deserted Geiderstad came to the Hersfeldian Vogtei Kreuzberg , but the authority over the place lay with the Friedewald office . Heringen was granted market rights in 1526.

During the time of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia (1807-1813), Heringen was the capital of the Heringen canton and seat of the justice of the peace .

1893 was the first time on the Werra potash proven. In 1894 a deep borehole was started which found a two to three meter thick potash seam at a depth of 470 meters. A second, even thicker seam was detected about 60 to 70 meters below. With the construction of the Wintershall potash plant (today K + S AG), which began mining in 1903, the town got its first industrial jobs. The Neu-Heringen and Herfa-Neurode potash mines were built later. During the last years of the Second World War , the library of the Reich Patent Office and the military geology offices were hidden in the tunnels of the Heringen mine . The latter library is now part of the "US Geological Survey Library" and is labeled there as the "Heringen Collection". The world's first and largest underground hazardous waste dump was set up in Herfa-Neurode in 1972 ; it is still operated by K + S today.

Today the mine is the largest potash mining area in the world and has roughly the same mining area as the greater Munich area. This corresponds to an area of ​​approx. 312 km².

Heringen was granted city rights on March 8, 1977 by the Hessian state government.

Incorporations

On September 15, 1968 the previously independent community of Wölfershausen was incorporated . As part of the regional reform in Hesse , Lengers was incorporated on December 31, 1970 on a voluntary basis. Bengendorf and Leimbach followed on December 31, 1971. The series of incorporations came to an end on August 1, 1972 with the incorporation of Herfa, Kleinensee and Widdershausen.

Population development

Districts	population
year	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2012
Herrings	3,402	3,558	3,637	3,631	3,603	3,623	3,594	3,604	3,607	3,525	3,516	3,501	3,308
Bengendorf	69	68	68	68	70	72	72	72	73	56	52	51	59
Herfa	836	880	869	867	853	838	814	798	802	802	779	769	753
Leimbach	471	488	511	512	522	504	503	503	501	514	508	494	488
Lengers	1,019	1,092	1,072	1,072	1,071	1,061	1,024	1.003	1.012	990	970	957	931
Kleinensee	655	726	722	722	726	724	729	721	720	704	710	701	667
Widdershausen	1,140	1,204	1,190	1,190	1,203	1,193	1.166	1,181	1,182	1,127	1,111	1.101	1,051
Wölfershausen	1,091	1,150	1,139	1,137	1,117	1.101	1,117	1,093	1,088	1,098	1,087	1,086	1,051
total	8,683	9,166	9,208	9,199	9,165	9,116	9,019	8,975	8,985	8,816	8,733	8,660	8,308

politics

City Council

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council      A total of 31 seats SPD : 10 CDU : 4th WGH : 12 GfH : 5	Parties and constituencies		% 2016	Seats 2016	% 2011	Seats 2011	% 2006	Seats 2006	% 2001	Seats 2001
	WGH	Voting group community list herring	38.8	12	46.1	14th	35.2	11	22.3	7th
	SPD	Social Democratic Party of Germany	33.5	10	36.0	11	40.0	12	50.1	16
	CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	13.2	4th	17.9	6th	24.8	8th	26.5	8th
	GfH	Together for herrings	14.5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-
	total		100.0	31	100.0	31	100.0	31	100.0	31
	Voter turnout in%		67.8		51.7		59.3		64.5

mayor

The past mayoral elections produced the following results:

Mayoral election 2016 Candidates Political party Result Ries, Hans * WGH 46.6% Iliev, Daniel * 53.4% Turnout 69.5% Ries, Hans WGH 45.4% Schäfer, Björn 8.9% Iliev, Daniel 39.4% Kalla, Claudia 6.3% Turnout 67.9% * Runoff election

Mayoral election 2010 Candidates Political party Result Ries, Hans WGH 65.0% Knoch, Manfred 32.0% Otto, Evelyn 3.0% Turnout 75.6%

Mayoral election 2004 Candidates Political party Result Knoch, Manfred * SPD 47.5% Ries, Hans * WGH 52.5% Turnout 70.7% Knoch, Manfred SPD 44.1% Bock, Eckhard CDU 14.1% Ries, Hans WGH 41.8% Turnout 69.6% * Runoff election

Mayoral election 1998 Candidates Political party Result Pfromm, Rolf SPD 57.9% This, Roland CDU 13.7% Ries, Hans Green 28.4% Turnout 71.9%

magistrate

Surname	function	Political party
Daniel Iliev	mayor	SPD
Johannes Beyer	First councilor	SPD
Hans-Werner Klotzbach	City council	GfH
Evelyn Bock	Councilor	CDU
Frank Roth	City council	SPD
Hagen Hildwein	City council	WGH
Hans Ries	City council	WGH

coat of arms

Blazon : The coat of arms shows a silver oblique left wave line in blue. In front silver crossed mallets and irons, in the back three silver fish.

Meaning: The wavy line stands for the Werra, the three fish are talking and come from the coat of arms of the Lords of Heringen. Mallet and iron is the traditional symbol of miners. It was included in the coat of arms in 2003 because potash salts have been mined for over a hundred years .

Community partnerships

Heringen has a partnership with the French community of Rombas in the Moselle department . In 2007 the partnership documents were signed with the Heringen / Helme municipality in Thuringia and the Polish city of Odolanów in the Ostrowski powiat .

Culture and sights

Bodelsruh border memorial

Museums

• Werra potash mining museum

Buildings

• Rock salt waste dump " Monte Kali " (Heringer "landmark")
• Church ruin Walterskirche (of the village Waldradeberg, which was probably abandoned in the 15th century)
• Bodesruh Memorial (originally built as a memorial to the division of Germany)
• Successor buildings of the Vultejus manor
• Hornsberg Castle - Hohenstaufen castle complex on the border with Thuringia, only small remains have been preserved

Parks

• Rohrlache and Säulingssee (wetlands in the Werraaue)
• Herfa Forest Botanical Garden

Regular events

• Weekly market (every Thursday morning)
• Motorcycle grass track race (annually on the second weekend in August)

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Heringen is connected to the national transport network via various country roads. Above all, they provide the connection to the federal highway 62 , which passes the municipality to the southwest, and the federal highway 4 .

Local public transport is carried out by ÜWAG Bus GmbH with lines 330 and 331.

Passenger traffic on the Gerstungen – Vacha railway was discontinued in 1981. Only the goods traffic between Gerstungen and the Wintershall site and the Hattorf (Philippsthal) site of the “Werra” plant of K + S KALI GmbH still exists. The Heringen train station was put into operation in 1904 at the urging of the potash works. Before that, the finished products were transported to Gerstungen train station by horse and cart. Until the Second World War, considerations had also been made to make the Werra navigable in order to meet the high transport requirements. The construction of a port in Heringen was planned in the 1930s.

Research & Development

The invention of the electrostatic salt separation system (ESTA) was first implemented and further developed in Heringen in the mid-1970s. In the German potash mining industry, following investigations and inventions by the former mine director Arno Singewald, a completely new, environmentally friendly processing of the extracted salts was introduced: The separation of the various salt components in the extracted crude salt is no longer carried out by using different specific gravity in a liquid (flotation), but by splitting and sorting in the electric field due to the different electrostatic properties of the different salt fractions. The ESTA avoids wastewater contaminated with salt. These plants, which were built in the potash works on the Werra, also ensured that the river, which was previously completely salty (due to the GDR potash works), returned to life. However, the introduction of the ESTA procedure required the creation of a large dump to deposit the unusable parts of the crude salt. In 1976, the heap began to be filled up, which contains around 60 to 70 percent of the production volume.

Established businesses

• K + S Kali GmbH - Potash mining (largest employer in the district)
• Schwabenhaus GmbH + Co. KG - prefabricated house factory
• Messer Industriemontagen & Apparatebau GmbH - pipeline and special steel construction
• EEW Energy from Waste - waste incineration plant

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Uwe Bein (born September 26, 1960 in Lengers), professional football player and world champion from 1990
• Jürgen Gehb (born August 9, 1952 in Heringen), from 1998 to 2009 member of the German Bundestag and from 2005 to 2009 legal policy spokesman for the CDU / CSU parliamentary group . From August 16, 2010 to February 28, 2018, he was spokesman for the board of the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks (BImA).
• Michael Roth (born August 24, 1970 in herring) is a German politician of the SPD and a member of the German Bundestag. He has been Minister of State in the Federal Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Merkel III cabinet since December 17, 2013.
• Fabian Bäcker (born May 28, 1990 in Rotenburg ad Fulda) is a German professional footballer and has been playing for Germania Ober-Roden since the 2017/18 season.

literature

• Literature about herrings in the Hessian bibliography
• Search for herring (Werra) in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Commons : Herring  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Herring in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

• Community website
• Heringen (Werra), Hersfeld-Rotenburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

Notes and individual references

1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ Harnrode, Hersfeld-Rotenburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
3. ↑ ^{a b} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 396 f., 414 .
4. ↑ Incorporation of the Lengers community into the Heringen community, Hersfeld district on January 7, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 142 , point 186 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
5. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Hersfeld and Rotenburg (GVBl. II 330-13) of July 11, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1972 No. 17 , p. 217 , § 9 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
6. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 . 
7. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 27, 2011
8. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 26, 2006
9. ↑ Mayoral elections in Heringen. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 20, 2008 ; Retrieved March 9, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ Mayoral election in Heringen: runoff between Hans Ries (45.4 percent) and Daniel Iliev (39.4 percent). In: hersfelder newspaper . March 6, 2016, accessed June 6, 2016 . 
11. ↑ Final result of mayoral election 2016. (No longer available online.) City of Heringen, archived from the original on June 19, 2016 ; Retrieved June 7, 2016 . 
12. ↑ Old Heringen coat of arms, old city coat of arms, before 2003