List of stumbling blocks in Heiligenhaus

The list of stumbling blocks in Heiligenhaus contains stumbling blocks that were laid between February 28, 2008 and February 20, 2017 by Gunter Demnig in the city of Heiligenhaus as part of the project of the same name . They are intended to commemorate the victims of National Socialism who lived and worked in Heiligenhaus. A total of five stumbling blocks were laid.

Nazi persecution in Heiligenhaus

As in every German city, in Heiligenhaus from 1933 people were discriminated, persecuted, marginalized and murdered because of their origin, their political views, their sexual orientation or their beliefs. The district politician Rainer Köster von der Linken published a book in 2019 that illuminates the fate of those persecuted by the Nazi regime in the city. He portrayed 75 people who were murdered or tortured physically or mentally. This also includes the data of 25 Heiligenhaus Jews. So far, only four of them have been given stumbling blocks. Köster also described the fate of those politically persecuted, of forced laborers and of Christian resistance fighters. For one of them, Franz Frerich, who was sentenced to death and executed for " decomposing military strength ", there is now a stumbling block at the town hall .

Laying stumbling blocks

Stumbling block	inscription	Location	Name, life
	HERE LIVED KARL ARON JG. 1882 VICTIM OF THE POGROME MURDERED 1938	Hauptstrasse 252	Karl Aron , also Carl Aron , was born on June 29, 1882 in Arloff . His parents were Seligman Aron and Regina, née Wolff, and he had at least five siblings: Hanna, Leo, Max, Sabine and Sybille. Karl Aron was a plumber and owner of a medical supplies store with an associated plumbing shop. From his first marriage he had a son, Alfred Aron. His second marriage was to Rosa, née Ziegelstein, who came from Hesse. His son was able to emigrate to Colombia in 1937. During the November pogroms in 1938 the shop was looted and destroyed. "Day and night, local SS and SA henchmen demolished the shop, destroyed all property." The couple was last seen alive that evening. The bodies of Karl Aron and his wife were recovered from the Ruhr on November 23, 1938. They were chained together with wire, and jute sacks were pulled over their heads. They drowned. While several sources speak of suicide, the case has never been investigated and the circumstances are more likely to favor lynching. The case has not yet been resolved. His father and the aforementioned siblings were murdered by the Nazi regime as part of the Shoah .
	ROSA ARON JG LIVED HERE . 1882 VICTIM OF THE POGROME MURDERED 1938	Hauptstrasse 252	Rosa Aron born Ziegelstein was born on October 22nd, 1890 in the Hessian town of Staufenberg (district of Treis an der Lumda ). Her parents were Jeisel Ziegelstein and Susanne, née Süßkind. She had several siblings. Rosa Ziegelstein married Karl Aron, who had at least one son from his first marriage, Alfred Aron. The stepson escaped in time. After the November pogroms and the destruction of their livelihoods, Karl and Rosa Aron disappeared without a trace. Their bodies were recovered in the Ruhr on November 23, 1938, chained together and with jute sacks pulled over their heads. Her mother was murdered in Theresienstadt in 1942. Stolpersteine ​​were laid in Staufenberg for her and her sister Jettchen and for her brother Siegmund and his family. You were murdered in Auschwitz and Treblinka. Your sisters Jenny and Thekla were murdered in Theresienstadt and Selma in Minsk. Her brother Jakob survived and died in 1951. Her brother Hermann and her sister Johanna, married Katz, emigrated with their families to South Africa and survived there.
	FRANZ FRERICH JG LIVED HERE . 1883 ARRESTED 12/27/1943 'DEFENSE' BRANDENBURG DEATH JUDGMENT 07/28/1944 PEOPLE'S COURT EXECUTED 08/22/1944	At the town hall (near the Stadtwerke pavilion)	Franz Frerich was born in 1883. He was a lathe operator and worked for A. Kiekert Sons . And he was a communist. After the fall of Mussolini , he said: "One is already gone, the other will hopefully be caught soon too". A colleague is said to have heard this and reported it to the manager. A complaint was made and on December 27, 1943, Frerich was arrested by the Gestapo. The protocol says: "He is said to have made statements against Hitler and the 1000-year-old Reich during working hours." He was imprisoned in the Brandenburg-Görden prison. The charge was demolition of military strength . On 28 July 1944 Frerich was from the People's Court in Berlin to death by the guillotine convicted. He has spent the past few weeks in solitary confinement. He was handcuffed day and night, excluding meals and personal hygiene. In a last letter before the execution he wished: "Keep a little keepsake in your heart for me". He was executed on August 22 or 28, 1944. The informers were never prosecuted
	ADELE JACOBS JG LIVED HERE . 1888 ADMISSIONED APRIL 1939 'HOSPITAL' GRAFENBERG MURDERED MAY 1939	Main Street 165	Adele Jacobs was born on June 4, 1888 in Heiligenhaus. Her parents were Salomon Jacobs (1848-1935) and Luise, née Voss (1844-1925). She had five siblings: Gustav (born 1878), Metha (born 1880), Hedwig (1881–1882), Arthur (born 1883) and Helene (born 1884). The Jacobs family was the first Jewish family to settle in Heiligenhaus in the 19th century. Her father was a co-founder of the fire department in Heiligenhaus and owner of a plumbing business. Adele Jacobs remained unmarried. Her mother died in 1925, her father in 1935, but she had lifelong right to live in her parents' apartment. She was characterized by contemporary witnesses as a "lovable, cheerful, friendly Heiligenhauser of the Mosaic faith". In 1938 the Hitler Youth moved to the first floor. During the so-called Reichskristallnacht , the night of November 9th to 10th, 1938, SA and SS henchmen broke into her apartment and raged. The windows were boarded up and the walls scratched. "Woken up by the noise, the whole neighborhood hears Adele screaming and screeching," is how her niece Luise described the incident seventy years later on the occasion of the laying of the stumbling blocks. Adele Jacobs is said to have run into the street in her nightgown and called for help. There were potential buyers for the house, but one of the speculations was why the Jewish woman was bothered by the lifelong right of residence, as to why she was admitted to the Grafenberg sanatorium in April 1939 . A few weeks later, on July 14, 1939, Adele Jacobs was murdered by lethal injection. A healthy woman, because she was of Jewish origin, became a victim of Aktion T4 , the National Socialists' euthanasia program for disabled people. All four siblings who were still alive at the time were also deported and murdered by the Nazi regime - Gustav Jacobs in Riga, Metha in Stutthof, Arthur in Hartheim, Helene in Minsk.
	ARTUR JACOBS JG LIVED HERE . ARRESTED IN 1883 IN 1938 DEPORTED TO SEVERAL CONCENTRATION CAMP MURDERED IN 1942 IN THE HARTHEIM / LINZ LANDESANSTALT	Südring 183	Artur Jacobs was born on February 15, 1883 in Heiligenhaus. His parents were Salomon Jacobs (1848-1935) and Luise, née Voss (1844-1925). He had five siblings, Gustav, Metha, Hedwig, Helen and Adele. Hedwig died in childhood. He founded a company for keys and fittings. Im served in World War I and received the Iron Cross . After the war Artur Jacobs lived in Düsseldorf for ten years and returned to Heiligenhaus in 1929. He became a traveling commission agent. On March 19, 1931, he married Maria, née Braunfeld (born 1909), a Catholic from Oberhausen . The couple had three children: Klaus, Luise and Leni. Due to the racist Nazi legislation, Arthur Jacobs became unemployed in October 1935 because as a Jew he was no longer allowed to do business with Germans. The family was dependent on welfare. Because he is said to have tried to earn something, he was accused of "fraudulent machinations". He was arrested on the night of December 5th to December 6th and was not released until June 1937. As part of an action against so-called "anti-social elements" he was arrested again in the middle of the night in February 1938 - as a "convicted Jew". His family had no knowledge of his whereabouts. He was briefly released but was arrested again immediately. On June 15, 1938, he was deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . His wife lived with the three children in the forest for three months during the day because she was afraid of being arrested. After the so-called Reichskristallnacht she knew that she had to at least bring the children to safety. On March 28, 1939, the children were sent to Rotterdam alone on a Kindertransport. They came to a children's home run by nuns. Maria Jacobs tried to organize exit papers for the family to Brazil, also stayed in the Netherlands because she hoped to get the documents there and to speed up the process. On January 4, 1940, the father of the family was almost released because the regional council had no objection to the emigration. In March 1940, Maria Jacobs was arrested by the Dutch police for staying too long in the country. She was imprisoned in Wuppertal and interrogated, it was recommended that her passport be removed and her under surveillance, visits to the children should be prohibited. An exit from the country failed and the family could not get a visa for Brazil. On September 3, 1940 Arthur Jacobs was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp . His wife continued to seek release and leave the country. Arthur Jacobs' odyssey through various concentration camps continued, he came to Neuengamme in January 1941, had to help with the construction of the camp, and in September 1941 he returned to Dachau. The hard work in the concentration camps, the poor nutrition and the terrible hygienic conditions had ruined his health. On January 26, 1942, he was transferred to the Hartheim Castle killing center near Linz on an "invalid transport" for "special treatment 14f13". The inmates were told that they were going to a sanatorium. In truth, they were murdered using carbon monoxide immediately upon arrival . So did Arthur Jacobs. The Nazi regime tried to cover up his murder. The death papers presumably contain a wrong date of death and certainly a wrong place of death. All of his siblings were victims of the Shoah . His wife and children survived, but their mother and children never saw each other again. Maria Jacobs died of an illness in April 1947. Artur Jacob's daughter Luise wrote several books on the history of her family.

Laying data

Gunter Demnig laid the Stolpersteine ​​in Heiligenhaus on the following days:

• February 28, 2008: Hauptstrasse 252, Südring 183
• June 24, 2008: Hauptstrasse 165
• February 20, 2017: At the town hall

Future relocations

The head of the cultural office, Almuth Schildmann-Brack, presented the proposals of the “Stolpersteine” working group. This is Siegmund Oss (called: Semmy), whose wife Hildegard, nee Herz and their son Günter, were considered for the stumbling blocks in Hefelmann Park. The administration was commissioned to have stumbling blocks laid for these three people.

literature

• Rainer Köster: Winter can't be forever , resistance and persecution in Heiligenhaus from 1933 to 1945, 2019
• Luise Jacobs: The man with the hat: For Artur Jacobs, the Holocaust began in Heiligenhaus in 1936, Klartext Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3837512953
• Luise Jacobs: Murder in Hartheim Castle, Voss & Bielik, 1997, ISBN 978-9080334328
• Luise Jacobs: We hebben Mutti nooit meer gezien, Verbum, uitgeverij, 2017, ISBN 978-9074274814 (Dutch)

Web links

• stolpersteine.eu

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Rainer Köster: Winter can't be eternal ... , resistance and persecution in Heiligenhaus from 1933 to 1945, self-published in 2019, with the support of the Association of those persecuted by the Nazi regime
2. ^ Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung : Book deals with the fate of Nazi victims in Heiligenhaus , article by Christopher Shepherd, February 18, 2019, accessed on March 22, 2020
3. ↑ Page 19 - VAK_Broschuere_3_18.indd November 9th - 80th anniversary of the Kristall- or Pogromnacht within the Third Reich. SA and SS henchmen also raged in Heiligenhaus , p. 19, accessed on March 19, 2020
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Rheinische Post : Remembrance of Victims of Nazi Terror , Article by Henry Kreilmann, October 9, 2018, accessed on March 19, 2020
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Open House NRW: Stolperstein tour in Heiligenhaus , article by Hendrik Weber, accessed on March 19, 2020
6. ↑ ^{a b} Frank Overhoff: Juden im Oberbergischen , 2010, p. 10
7. ↑ Yad Vashem has several entries about himself, all accessed on March 19, 2020:
   * KARL ARON , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
   * KARL ARON , memorial sheet from 1990, submitted by his niece Rachel Friedmann, Jerusalem,
   * KARL ARON , memorial sheet from 1999, submitted by his niece Rachel Friedmann, Jerusalem, and
   * KARL ARON , based on the Lists of Jews from Germany who perished during Kristallnacht or in camps, after their detention and deportation, 09/11 / 1938- 01/1939 .
8. ↑ Yad Vashem :
   * SELIGMAN ARON , memorial sheet from 1990, submitted by his granddaughter Rachel Friedmann,
   * LEO ARON , memorial sheet from 1999, submitted by his niece Rachel Friedmann,
   * MAX ARON , memorial sheet from 1999, submitted by his niece Rachel Friedmann,
   * SABINE ARON , memorial sheet from 1999, submitted by her niece Rachel Friedmann
   * SIBYLLE HEYMANN , memorial sheet from 1987, submitted by her daughter Rachel Friedmann
   * HANNA ARON , memorial sheet from 1999, submitted by her Niece Rachel Friedmann.
9. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries about her person, both accessed on March 20, 2020:
   * ROSA ARON , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
   * ROSA ARON , based on the Lists of Jews from Germany who perished during Kristallnacht or in camps, after their detention and deportation, 09/11 / 1938-01 / 1939.
10. ↑ staufenberg.de: Treis, Hauptstrasse 29, family Ziegelstein , accessed on March 20, 2020
11. ↑ The Holocaust memorial in Bad Nauheim: Jettchen Ziegelstein , accessed on March 20, 2020
12. ↑ Yad Vashem :
    * SUSANNA Sannchen BRICK , based on the book of remembrance of the Federal Archives,
    * Siegmund BRICK , based on the book of remembrance of the Federal Archives,
    * THEKLA LINK , based on the book of remembrance of the Federal Archives,
    * Jettchen BRICK , based on the book of remembrance of the Federal Archives,
    * JENNY SPEIER , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    * SELMA WINDECKER , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
13. ↑ holocaust.cz: Link Thekla: Death certificate, Ghetto Terezín , accessed on March 20, 2020
14. ↑ Volker Hess: History of the Jews in today's districts of Staufenberg Daubringen, Mainzlar, Staufenberg and Treis, Staufenberg 2002, p. 37
15. ↑ ^{a b} Rheinische Post : A stumbling block for Franz Frerich , article by Henry Kreilmann, February 21, 2017, accessed on March 21, 2020
16. ↑ ^{a b} The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names has the following reports, all created by her niece Luise Jacobs, daughter of Arthur, all accessed on March 21, 2020:
    * GUSTAV JACOBS ,
    * MEHTA JACOBS ,
    * ARTHUR JACOBS ,
    * HELENE JACOBS and
    * ADELE JACOBS .
17. ^ Rheinische Post: In memory of the Jacobs family , accessed on March 21, 2020
18. ^ Jacobs family , accessed March 21, 2020
19. ↑ Traces of life at Hartheim Castle: ARTHUR JACOBS , accessed on March 22, 2020
20. ^ Rheinische Post: A family story from Heiligenhaus , accessed on March 22, 2020
21. ↑ Luise Jacobs: "Hierna hebben we mutti nooit meer gezien" , accessed on March 22, 2020
22. ^ Fourth stumbling block to be laid , June 19, 2008
23. ↑ Rheinische Post : The “Stolpersteine” campaign continues , September 27, 2019, accessed on March 22, 2020