Wulsenberg nature reserve

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Landscape protection area Frohental in the foreground and the eastern end of the NSG Wulsenberg
The eastern part of the Wulsenberg nature reserve west of Erlinghausen
Western area
Middle area with sheep
Flock of sheep

The Wulsenberg nature reserve is located near Marsberg in the Hochsauerland district . It has existed since 1985 and is 38.2 hectares in size. About half of its area is semi-arid grassland . The substrate of the nature reserve (NSG) ranges from porous zechstein lime up to Kiesel shales from the sub-carbon . It is named after the Wulsenberg, on whose southern slope it lies. The Frohental nature reserve borders on to the south. The landscape protection area Rotes Land borders in the northwest and the landscape protection area open spaces around Erlinghausen / Auf der Sandkuhlem in the northeast.

Geographical location

The nature reserve extends around 2 km southeast of the Marsberg town center along the Frohntal stream up the valley to just before the southeastern Marsberg village of Erlinghausen ; the Frohntalbach is an eastern tributary of the Glinde, which flows into the nearby Diemel . It covers the southern slope of the Wulsenberg and lies between about 280 and 360  m above sea level. NN .

description

Before human settlement, the nature reserve was covered by a beech forest , except for a few rocky areas . After the trees had been felled, shepherds grazed the areas with goats and sheep in herding . On the south-facing slopes, grasslands developed over time , also known as semi-arid grasslands . The hat grazing on the Wulsenberg can be documented for the first time in 1668, but it began centuries earlier. Sheep herding has been documented in the area of ​​the Diemel valley for at least 1000 years. With the exception of parts of the area at the western and eastern end of the Wulsenberg, it was a so-called commons , which was used jointly for grazing. That is why the commons area is still owned by the city of Marsberg. In 1898 there was still around 200 hectares of poor grass on the Marsberg measurement table. At the beginning of the 20th century, just under 30 hectares remained. In the area of ​​the entire Diemel valley, around 750 hectares of poor grass remain. In the urban area of ​​Marsberg, as in the entire area of ​​the Diemeltal and its side valleys, most of the poor grasslands were lost through fallow traps and afforestation.

On Wulsenberg by suppressing originated succession by the goats and sheep than half Culture Formation 1 chalk grasslands with many characteristic plant and animal species. The grazing was so intense that on the area of ​​today's NSG, apart from two reforestation areas in the middle part of the NSG, as early as the early 1950s, there were almost no bushes and trees, as old photos show. When grazing became more and more extensive or partially stopped from the 1950s, wood succession began. From the beginning of the 1980s, the Association for Nature and Bird Protection in the Hochsauerlandkreis (VNV) made efforts to identify this area as an NSG, as the national importance of this area had been proven.

On the skeletal soils above limestone and dolomite, extremely species-rich, colorful grasslands have emerged on the Wulsenberg, which merge into lush blue-grass grass, especially on western exposed slopes. In the western part of the NSG there are acidic grasslands and dwarf shrub heaths on the low-base rocks of the Carboniferous. The differences in the rock and the changing intensity of grazing during grazing result in a particularly diverse mosaic of differently structured types of grasslands. Various woods such as thorn bushes and groups of trees on the one hand and rocks of the different rocks additionally enrich the area.

The NSG Wulsenberg is not only known for its flower-colored, orchid-rich semi-arid grassland or dwarf shrub stands, but also for its species-rich butterfly fauna. The butterfly fauna of the NSG has over 40 species of butterflies, rams and thick-headed butterflies. Over 200 plant species, including 31 species on the Red List, were identified in the NSG. In addition to its abundance of flowers in May to July, the NSG impresses with its variety of insects on warm, sunny days. As a result of the fragmentation and fallowing of grasslands in the area of ​​the Diemel Valley, insect species have already declined or disappeared on the Wulsenberg.

natural reserve

Biotope management plan NSG Wulsenberg
Maintenance work, here raking off cuttings, in the eastern part of the Wulsenberg NSG

The nature reserve was first designated as an NSG on March 1, 1985 by the RP Arnsberg with a size of 23.2 hectares. On May 20, 2008, this NSG was enlarged in the Marsberg landscape plan by the Hochsauerlandkreis to 38.2 hectares.

The NSG is one of the most important limestone grasslands in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is of particular importance due to its relatively good development status of the poor grassland due to the extraordinary continuity of historical grazing. The development of large-scale blue grass lawns (Sesleria Weiderasen-Gesellschaft) and the formation of drift complexes with both calcareous and acidic drift lawns with an abundance of different types of vegetation are unique.

The NSG represents one of two sub-areas in the Fauna-Flora-Habitat (FFH) "FFH Wulsenberg, Hasental and Kregenberg" (Natura 2000-Nr. DE-4519-303) in the European protected area system according to Natura 2000. The eastern end of the nature reserve Wulsenberg was not included in the FFH area.

The second sub-area of ​​the "FFH area Wulsenberg, Hasental and Kregenberg" is the nature reserve Hasental / Kregenberg with 62.8 ha, which lies south of the NSG Wulsenberg and is only separated from it by the Frohntal.

In the NSG Wulsenberg there are the following habitats of community interest according to the Habitats Directive: Dry heathland areas, Lucky lime pioneer lawns, Trespen-Schwingel-dry lime lawns, calcareous debris heaps of the hill country, limestone cliffs with crevice vegetation, silicate rocks with their crevice vegetation .

Based on a diploma thesis from 1986, a biotope management plan from 1987 and an investigation of the butterfly fauna in 1998 and 1999, the species inventory of the NSG has been well examined. The biotope management plan was drawn up by the VNV on behalf of the "State Institute for Ecology, Landscape Development and Forest Planning North Rhine-Westphalia".

Two private areas, one at the western end of the NSG and the area around the former quarry, were purchased by the VNV with the support of the NRW Foundation . Only the eastern end of the NSG is still privately owned.

In the middle area of ​​the NSG, at the end of the 1980s, some areas of wood, in particular black thorn, were cleared by a private company on behalf of the “Lower Landscape Authority” of the HSK. The VNV has carried out maintenance work in the NSG every year since the 1980s. Larger areas are mowed with the brush cutter and single-axle mower. The clippings are raked together and burned. The work is carried out on Saturdays by the members of the association and the VNV care team. For the maintenance work there is money from the cultural landscape maintenance program (KLP) of the Hochsauerlandkreis. Other areas are looked after by the Keute shepherd family from Erlinghausen with sheep kept in paddocks. In a few years, e.g. B. In 2009 and 2010 there was also a goat paddock grazing in the middle area.

In order to enlarge the grasslands, the conversion of the coniferous wood stocks in the middle area of ​​the NSG and the de-bushing of further areas is planned. In particular, a grazing project with goats is planned.

Species population

Selected plant species from the NSG Wulsenberg

Three-tooth orchid

Selected species of the NSG Wulsenberg

Adult female sand lizard

Grasshoppers from the NSG Wulsenberg

Two spot-mandrel Schrecke ( Tetrix bipunctata ) long probe mandrel Schrecke ( Tetrix tenuicornis ) meconema thalassinum ( Meconema thalassinum ), Green Heupferd ( Tettigonia viridissima ) Dark Bush Cricket ( Pholidoptera griseoaptera ), short-winged Beißschrecke ( Metrioptera brachyptera ) Brauner grasshopper ( Chorthippus brunneus ), Heide grasshopper ( Stenobothrus lineatus ), nightingale grasshopper ( Chorthippus biguttulus ), common grasshopper ( Chorthippus parallelus ), spotted cadaver ( Myrmeleotettix maculatus ), colorful grasshopper ( Omocestus viridulus ).

Reptiles and amphibians from the NSG Wulsenberg

Sand lizard ( Lacerta agilis ), smooth snake ( Coronella austriaca ), slow worm ( Anguis fragilis ), common toad ( Bufo bufo ), common frog ( Rana temporaria ), mountain newt ( Triturus alpestris ), newt ( Triturus helveticus ).

See also

literature

  • Martin Rogge: Creation and further development of an extensive sheep and goat pasture near Erlinghausen (Hochsauerlandkreis). 1986. Unpublished diploma thesis, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
  • Martin Rogge & Werner Schubert: Biotope management plan for the nature reserve "Wulsenberg" 1987. Marsberg. State Institute for Ecology, Landscape Development and Forest Planning North Rhine-Westphalia.
  • Werner Schubert: Pines versus orchids - origin, endangerment, protection and care of the Marsberg limestone semi-arid grasslands. In: Irrgeister 1993/3, pp. 7-11.
  • Thomas Fartmann: The butterfly community of the semi- arid grass complexes of the Diemel valley . In: Abh. Ad Westf. F. Naturkde., 66/1. 2004.
  • Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority: Marsberg landscape plan. Meschede 2008, pp. 58–59 and 195–198.
  • Werner Schubert: Lean lime grass in the Marsberg area - Brilon permanently saved (PDF; 1.9 MB) Irrgeister 2006/23. Pp. 20-22.

Web links

Commons : Wulsenberg nature reserve  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ NRW Foundation: Wulsenberg near Marsberg , accessed on May 24, 2011
  2. ↑ Werner Schubert: New nature reserves in the HSK. In: Irrgeister, 1985/3, pp. 59-64.

Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ′ 42 "  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 8.5"  E