Mobility Net

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As Mobility Net designating German track their efforts traveler via Wi-Fi to enable Internet access along the travel chain. The project is divided into internet access at train stations (via hot spot ) and in ICE trains ( Railnet ). In addition, some regional trains are to be equipped with WiFi.

Internet access at train stations

The station buildings and long-distance platforms are covered at all of the stations mentioned. In some cases, the HotSpots can also be reached from stopping trains. Internet access is chargeable. Only individual offers, including the Deutsche Bahn website and its travel information, can be accessed free of charge. Initially (around 2008) Arcor , The Cloud , T-Com / T-Mobile or Vodafone could be used as providers at the HotSpots . The number of providers was reduced in the following years. Since February 2010 only T-Mobile has been available. Since September 2013 the hotspots can be used free of charge for 30 minutes per day after registration.

After the start-up phase with T-Mobile hotspots from January to November 2006, the provider The Cloud took over the hotspots at train stations in December 2006 . The first HotSpots went into operation in Berlin (Ostbahnhof), Frankfurt (Hauptbahnhof), Kaiserslautern, Leipzig and Nuremberg at the end of December 2006, and due to the great demand, Deutsche Bahn also cooperated with Arcor , T-Com and Vodafone . The costs incurred up to February 2007 for equipping the stations were put at two million euros.

The original plan was to gradually expand this offer to 50 to 80 stations by the end of 2007 and to invest around eight million euros in upgrading the other stations with WLAN technology. In spring 2010, Deutsche Bahn announced that 30 new hotspot locations would be operational by the end of 2010. In 2011 another fifty stations should follow. In autumn 2013, 109 stations were equipped. At the moment (as of July 2014) over 120 train stations and stops are equipped with WLAN hotspots. (As of July 2014).

In 2009, more than 200,000 people used the hotspot offers. According to information from Deutsche Bahn from the end of 2013, the use of hotspots in train stations has increased by 20 percent per year. Three million minutes would be used monthly (as of the end of 2013). In addition to the hotspots operated by Telekom Deutschland , restaurants, cafés and other shops have their own access points at many train stations.

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Berlin

Brandenburg

Bremen

Hamburg

Hesse

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Lower Saxony

North Rhine-Westphalia

Rhineland-Palatinate

Saarland

Saxony

Saxony-Anhalt

Schleswig-Holstein

Thuringia

*) In the first construction stage, 25 large German train stations were largely equipped with a WLAN hotspot (as of June 2010).

Internet access in ICE trains

Railnet

The wireless Internet in ICE trains, initially known as Railnet , was implemented by Telekom and Deutsche Bahn . It was replaced in the 2nd half of 2016.

In spring 2005 the planned internet offer became known. After the introduction planned for autumn 2005, the offer should be gradually expanded to all ICE trains from 2006 onwards. The project was presented on December 20, 2005 in Cologne by Deutsche Bahn boss Hartmut Mehdorn and T-Mobile CEO René Obermann .

After the Swedish Railways , Deutsche Bahn was the second provider of mobile Internet in high-speed trains worldwide.

An extensive technical pilot test ran until the end of March 2006. Full, free internet access was possible on the Dortmund – Duisburg – Cologne – Siegburg / Bonn section. After that, access was chargeable. The web site can be accessed free of charge in covered areas.

ICE 3 with T-Mobile HotSpot stickers in Ingolstadt Hbf

Initially (2006) seven of 63 ICE-3 trains operated by Deutsche Bahn were equipped with W-LAN technology. Reception is guaranteed in all carriages on the train. The trains are identified by a T-Mobile HotSpot logo in the boarding area; At the beginning of the project, two of the pilot trains (multiple units Freiburg (Brsg.) and Wiesbaden ) had a large label "www im ICE" and a T-Mobile advertisement along two cars.

The trains were initially connected mainly via Flash-OFDM ( Flarion ) on the frequencies of the C network, which was switched off in 2001 (at 450 MHz). The total usable bandwidth was around 1.5 Mbit / s. Broadband Internet access with DSL speed was initially available to travelers between Dortmund and Siegburg / Bonn.

A server on the train provides a certain range of information about rail, business and news and can be called up while the train is in motion, even if the train is outside of the routes served.

The project presented a number of high technical challenges. For example, the connection of the train had to function stably even at high speeds of up to 300 km / h and a supply also had to be guaranteed in the tunnel. Up to March 2006, three different types of external connection of the train were examined on the pilot route:

  • A connection via UMTS , whereby up to three UMTS channels with 384 kbit / s each are bundled.
    • Advantage: UMTS is well developed in the metropolitan areas
    • Disadvantage: Due to the high frequency, a large number of base stations would be necessary along the routes
  • A connection via satellite
    • Advantage: High data rates in the downlink are possible
    • Disadvantage: Most commercial satellites do not have a broadband return channel. It is also not possible to supply the tunnels due to the lack of visual contact with the satellite
  • Flash OFDM on 450 MHz on frequencies of the switched off C network
    • Advantage: Large cell radii are possible due to the low frequency, short delay times of only 50 ms and high data rates even at high speeds.

UMTS and Flash OFDM were initially used to connect the hotspots. A combination of UMTS and Flash OFDM had initially proven its worth. The average data rates for the downlink are between 1.0 and 1.5 Mbit / s and for the uplink between 300 and 500 kbit / s.

The HSPA , which was introduced in the Telekom network in 2006 , was able to gradually supplement the Flash OFDM connection. Today (as of 2014) the radio standards 4G (800 and 1800 MHz), 3G (2100 MHz) and 2G (900, 1800 MHz) are used. If only one EDGE connection is available (200 kBit / s), this is only used to maintain a management connection. According to information from DB Fernverkehr from the end of 2014, mobile Internet is one of the three most important priorities for customers. For cell phone reception, there are also intrain repeaters on all ICE trains for improved cell phone reception.

Initial experience was gained in 1999 with setting up an online kiosk in two ICE ideas trains . In the scheduled trains between Hamburg and Stuttgart or Basel , Internet access was offered in a moving train for the first time worldwide. The data was transmitted via the GSM-D2 cellular network . The pilot project started in mid-November 1998 was limited to six months. The use of the free internet terminal in the service car of the trains should then be evaluated and a decision should be made about a series expansion.

In other Western European countries, too, efforts are currently being made to provide high-speed routes with WiFi. In England, a WiMAX network is currently being tested along the railway lines in the London and Brighton area. In France, on the other hand, they rely on the connection via satellite.

Further expansion

On March 13, 2007, Deutsche Bahn and T-Mobile announced the expansion of the program. In addition to the pilot route from Dortmund to Cologne, the high-speed route Cologne – Rhine / Main was added in March 2007 and the axis from Frankfurt via Stuttgart to Munich in October 2007. In 2007, another 25 multiple units of the 403 series were equipped with Railnet. The seven pilot trains were upgraded to this standard.

Plans from 2007 envisaged increasing the number of Internet-enabled trains to a total of 51 by the end of 2007. Including the seven ICE 3 trains from the pilot phase, 32 ICE 3 trains and 19 ICE 1 trains with Internet access should then be available. In January 2008, 38 appropriately equipped trains were available. The ICE 1 trains were upgraded as part of the so-called redesign . At least 109 sets run regularly on the above-mentioned. Relations. It was therefore not possible for the passenger to foresee before starting the journey whether Internet access would be possible in the vehicle. This became possible from the end of 2008, when the ICE 3 trains were completed, as long as the passenger knows the type of vehicle used. Trains equipped with hotspots can be recognized by the hotspot logos on the outside of the train and in the boarding areas.

According to information from T-Mobile from 2007, the costs for the first expansion stage are in the double-digit million range.

In further rollout stages, almost all ICE routes were originally supposed to be supplied gradually by 2011. For 2008 it was planned to equip the Dortmund – Hanover – Berlin, Frankfurt – Nuremberg – Munich and Mannheim – Basel sections. Step by step, the number of ICE trains provided with Internet access should also be extended to all ICE trains by the end of 2011 (as of May 2007).

In mid-January 2008, the company announced the expansion of the Internet offer on the route Hamburg - Frankfurt am Main (via Hanover , Fulda ) within a short time. In the course of 2008, all ICE trains running on this route (this would be at least 59 ICE 1 and 44 ICE 2 ) should be equipped accordingly. T-Mobile denied expansion plans going beyond this ratio. A week later, the company announced that additional routes were being prepared.

In April 2008, the Internet offer should go into operation on the route sections between Hamburg and Frankfurt am Main (via Hanover , Fulda ). Internet access between Hamburg and Frankfurt was officially put into operation at the end of 2008. Unofficial access was already possible in the previous months.

At the beginning of January 2009, Deutsche Bahn finally announced that it would upgrade 20 more ICE 3s for Internet reception in the course of the year. This also included all 13 trains of the 2nd series of ICE 3. The conversion took five days for each train. At the end of September 2009, the conversion of the ICE 3 multiple units of the 403 series was completed. In addition to these 50 ICE 3 trains, 19 ICE 1 trains are also equipped with “Railnet” (as of October 2009). The 17 ICE-3 trains of the 406 and 406F series, which are also used in cross-border traffic, were not equipped with "Railnet". Work is currently underway to equip additional ICE trains.

In 2010 DB Regio was considering equipping some trains with mobile internet. The ICE 4 multiple units should be equipped with mobile internet from the start. In the course of the redesign, which ran until 2013, the 44 ICE 2 multiple units were equipped with hotspot internet access.

At the end of February 2011, Telekom announced that it would equip more than 200 more ICE trains with hotspot access in addition to the fleet that had been equipped to date. At the same time, the total length of the served route network is to be expanded from around 1,500 to 5,000 kilometers. In October 2011, DB CEO Rüdiger Grube announced that all DB long-distance trains would be equipped with WLAN internet access within three to five years if possible.

Internet access between Mannheim and Freiburg im Breisgau was activated in early 2012. With the commissioning of the Katzenberg tunnel from the end of 2012, the following section of the route to Basel should also be equipped with mobile internet access. According to the planning status from the beginning of 2011, the entire 5200 km long ICE core network and all other ICE multiple units should be equipped with Internet access by the end of 2014.

Internet access was activated on June 4, 2013 between Hamburg and Berlin , between Frankfurt am Main, Nuremberg and Munich , between Dortmund, Hanover and Berlin, between Göttingen and Wolfsburg and between Fulda and Würzburg. Around 3000 kilometers of the ICE core network and 90 ICE multiple units were thus equipped for mobile Internet access. According to DB, more than 100 trains were equipped in autumn 2013.

The complete equipment of the core network was planned for mid-2013 for the beginning of 2014 and the equipment of the fleet unchanged until the end of 2014. With 255 equipped trains, Deutsche Bahn said it would have the largest fleet of high-speed trains in the world equipped with WiFi. In January 2013, 1500 kilometers of route were equipped with Flash-OFDM, in June 2013 there were a total of 3000 that were connected with Flash-OFDM and LTE . LTE should achieve transmission rates of up to 6 megabits per second and end devices in the downstream (as of June 2013). The supply takes place in rural areas via a particularly tightly knit LTE-800 network and in cities primarily via LTE-1800 networks. The available bandwidth compared to Flash ODFM technology increased to an average of 10 Mbit / s, according to measurements by Telekom, with a peak of 90 Mbit / s. UMTS should continue to be used in tunnels or areas with good 3G coverage. At the end of 2014, the old Flash ODFM systems on 211 trains had already been replaced by pure LTE and UMTS connections. Flash OFDM was no longer used in February 2015.

The available bandwidth is to be increased to 300 Mbit / s with LTE carrier aggregation . Building on this, a bandwidth of 600 Mbit / s should be achieved through the use of 4x4 MIMO antennas.

In May 2014, 5,200 kilometers of the core network were equipped, of which 3,000 kilometers were released, and test operations should run on the remaining 2,200 kilometers by the end of 2014. In May 2014, 200 ICE multiple units were equipped with WiFi hotspots; by the end of 2014, 255 ICE multiple units should be largely equipped. At the beginning of 2015, 231 ICE trains were equipped with mobile internet access. The ICE 1, ICE 2 and the 403 series are fully equipped, the ICE T and the 407 series are partially equipped. The 406 series and the ICE-TD have not yet been equipped with hotspots. The 406 series (in the version approved for Belgium and the Netherlands) has been equipped with hotspots since summer 2014.

Since the timetable change in December 2014, internet use in 1st class has been possible free of charge. According to Deutsche Bahn, an expansion to the 2nd class is being sought, provided that stable technical availability can be guaranteed. According to information from railway boss Rüdiger Grube from October 2014, Internet access in 1st class will be offered free of charge from January 1, 2015. In the 2nd class, access should be free of charge from mid-2016. The start was later postponed to June 2016 and finally to the second half of 2016.

From 2015, the ICE fleet should be equipped with a range of information accessible via WLAN, including films, podcasts and games. In September 2015 an ICE portal was presented, which is to be expanded to include a shopping and entertainment area in the third quarter of 2016.

Multiprovider technology

In 2016, the external connection is to be switched from one mobile communications provider (Telekom) to several providers in order to create the basis for free internet access in second class. At the end of August 2015, Deutsche Bahn announced the so-called “Next Generation Connectivity” across Europe. As part of the project, Internet access on the train is to be ensured via several multi-wireless networks. This should make Internet access more stable and faster, and enable more data volumes. Thanks to the multiprovider technology, Internet access should also be possible abroad. The contract was awarded at the end of April 2016. In June 2016, a sample train was equipped from every ICE series. After a trial, 20 ICE trains per week were to be converted between autumn and the end of 2016. All trains in the ICE fleet with the exception of the ICE-TD trains are to be equipped. The bandwidth should be limited.

A server equipped with up to six SIM cards and several external antennas was installed in each train. According to its own information, DB Fernverkehr has invested a total of 120 million euros over three years in improving its Internet and mobile communications services. The official starting shot by Dobrindt should follow in the second half of January 2017.

A test drive took place in August 2016, during which 150 people with 200 mobile devices drove from Hamburg to Dortmund.

Federal Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt urged rail chief Rüdiger Grube to provide free WiFi in long-distance trains before 2015. After there had been no significant progress by spring 2016, Dobrindt made his contract extension dependent on implementation by the end of 2016. At the end of 2015, Deutsche Bahn announced that it wanted to introduce “WLAN @ DB”, the largest mobile WLAN network in Germany, in the time horizon until 2020. Long-distance traffic, local traffic and train stations are to be included. A minimum standard of at least 0.5 Mbit / s is to be made available on all trains and in the 180 most important train stations, provided that the network expansion of the mobile network operators allows this. One of the supply requirements of the Digital Dividend II is the comprehensive coverage of ICE routes with LTE.

In the 2nd class, the data volume is throttled to 200 MB per device; an additional purchase option is to be introduced in 2017. Initially, there is no throttling in 1st class. When not throttled, the available bandwidth should be a little less than one megabit or mostly ten megabits per second, according to various statements.

outlook

Tens of thousands of terabytes of data were booked over several years. According to its own statement, Deutsche Telekom is the most important of the three partners. Due to political pressure, the three mobile network providers agreed to provide a bandwidth of 50 megabits per second in the ICE network by 2018.

From July 2017, mobile internet access is to be gradually introduced in Franco-German high-speed traffic.

From the 2nd quarter of 2017, the free WiFi will gradually be offered abroad. In addition, an expansion of the ICE portal is planned, with films, audio books and newspapers.

In 2019, the installation of a WLAN system in the double-decker intercity of long-distance traffic will begin .

Deutsche Bahn would like to offer a uniform WiFi network in stations and trains by 2020.

Supply requirements of the Federal Network Agency provide for a supply of at least 100 Mbit / s in the downlink per antenna sector for railway lines with more than 2000 passengers per day by 2022. For rail routes with up to 2000 daily passengers, a supply of at least 50 Mbit / s in the downlink per antenna sector must be achieved by the end of 2024.

Regional traffic

In 2011, Deutsche Bahn reported on investigations into equipping regional trains with WLAN Internet access. According to Deutsche Bahn information from the end of 2015, around 75 percent of travelers would use mobile Internet.

According to a study by a management consultancy, the supply for regional trains for mobile internet was around 60 percent in 2015. At the end of 2015, the network providers announced that they would invest around 400 million euros by 2020 in order to achieve coverage of 90 percent. Additional investments of one billion euros would be required for a coverage rate of 98 percent. This is uneconomical from the point of view of the mobile phone providers. For the data tariffs based on this, a further 300 to 400 million euros are required. By 2020, local rail transport authorities also want to equip around 950 trains with cellular repeaters and / or WLAN in several pilot projects for 45 to 110 million euros; this corresponds to around 8 percent of the entire fleet.

New regional transport lines in local rail transport in Baden-Württemberg should have free internet access via WLAN. On January 11, 2016, the Stuttgart S-Bahn began testing free WiFi Internet access on two class 423 multiple units . All multiple units of the Stuttgart S-Bahn are to be equipped with WiFi by 2019. In April 2017, DB Regio announced that it would equip all local traffic on the Elbe-Saale Railway with WLAN Internet access.

DB Regio would like to equip a large part of the local trains with free internet access via WLAN by 2020 and is in talks with the customers.

Some of the DB Regio's competitors in local transport already offer WiFi on their trains. Partly that was part of the respective tender.

literature

  • Connect . WEKA Media Publishing GmbH, June 2006, p. 133 ff .
  • Storck, Clas, Herberg: Railnet - Internet on the train and at the station . In: ZEV rail - Glaser's Annals . No. 130 . Georg Siemens Verlag, May 2006, p. 200-207 .
  • WiFi on the move . In: Funkschau . No. 17 . WEKA-Fachmedien GmbH, Haar 2005.
  • At 300 km / h through the network. In: BahnTech. Edition 2/2005, p. 14 ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

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