Romain Gary

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Plaque on Romain Gary's house in Vilnius

Romain Gary (birth name Roman Kacew or Katsev ; born May 8, 1914 in Vilnius , Russian Empire , † December 2, 1980 in Paris ) was a French writer , director , translator and diplomat . During the Second World War he was a pilot in the France libre air force under Charles de Gaulle . Gary wrote mostly in French, although the English version of his works appeared first several times.

Life

Roman Kacew grew up in his native Vilnius and later in Warsaw , Poland as the son of a Jewish family. When he was eleven years old, his father, Arieh-Leib Kacew, left the family and married a second time. Roman stayed with his mother, Nina Owczinski, who from then on raised him alone. In 1928 his mother and son moved to Nice , France, where he graduated from high school. He then studied law in Aix-en-Provence and Paris; he completed his studies with a license .

In 1938 Roman Kacew joined the French Air Force and was trained in Salon-de-Provence to fly combat aircraft. Romain Gary was his fighting name in the Air Force, presumably chosen after Gary Cooper , whom he admired . When he later became a diplomat, the Foreign Office ( Quai d'Orsay ) required him to use a less Russian-Jewish sounding name than Kacew. Gary successfully called for the new name to be legalized, which went into effect on October 9, 1951.

Soon Gary was appointed a target practice instructor in the Air Force. After the German occupation of France in 1940, he fled to Great Britain and joined the France libre air force under Charles de Gaulle . He was promoted to squadron captain of the Lorraine bomber squadron and fought in England, Africa , Ethiopia , Libya and Normandy . For his services he was appointed commander of the Legion of Honor and awarded the Ordre de la Liberation .

In 1945 Romain married Gary and the British writer and journalist Lesley Blanch .

Gary joined the Foreign Service immediately after the war ended. Its first use was the French embassy in Sofia (1946–1947). After a tour on the Quai d'Orsay, he served in Switzerland (1950-1951) and in the Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations (1951-1954). After London (1955), he was finally employed as Consul General in Los Angeles from 1956 to 1960 .

In 1961, Gary ended his diplomatic career. His wife Lesley Blanch divorced in 1962 after Gary impregnated American actress Jean Seberg . The date of birth of their son, Alexandre Diego Gary, had Gary re-dated to a date after his marriage to Seberg.

During the next ten years he traveled extensively, wrote the screenplay for The Longest Day (1962) and made two films, Birds in Peru (1968) and Kill! (1971). In 1970, Jean Seberg became pregnant again, but the daughter died shortly after the birth. The marriage ended in divorce that same year. Seberg attempted suicide on each subsequent anniversary of the death of her baby, who died in 1970; In 1978 she survived a suicide attempt in front of a train. In September 1979, Jean Seberg was found dead in the back seat of her car.

Gary shot himself on December 2, 1980 in Paris. In his farewell letter he left the following message:

For the press. D-Day . No connection with Jean Seberg. Broken hearted followers may turn elsewhere. Obviously this can be blamed on nervous depression. However, one has to admit that it has lasted since I reached manhood and that it has allowed me to complete my entire literary work. So why? Perhaps you have to look for the answer in the title of my autobiographical work: “The night will be quiet” and in the last words of my last novel: “You couldn't say it better.” I have finally expressed myself fully.

plant

As early as 1935 he published two short stories in the French magazine Gringoire : L'Orage , about a failed marriage, and the story La petite femme, set in Indochina . Although the newspaper was known for its anti-Semitic attitudes, Gary, of Jewish descent, chose to publish in the paper, presumably because it had nearly a million readers.

In 1945, after entering the diplomatic service, Gary published his first novel, Éducation européenne , which he wrote between missions during the war. The work has been translated into twenty-seven languages ​​and was awarded the Critics Prize. It is the story of a fourteen-year-old Polish boy who joins a resistance group during the German occupation in World War II and slowly grows into a man . The German version was translated from the American version, which Gary himself wrote in 1959 in California.

For Les racines du ciel he received the Prix ​​Goncourt in 1956 and for La vie devant soi in 1975 . This makes him the only writer who has been awarded this prestigious prize twice, because the Prix Goncourt is not actually awarded several times to the same person. It was only possible in this case because Gary had published La vie devant soi under his pseudonym Émile Ajar. It was only after his death that it was discovered that Gary was identical to Ajar.

Pseudonyms

The pseudonym Émile Ajar, under which Gary published at times, is given in one of his books with "Paul Pawlowitsch" as a real name, a freelance writer who is said to be born in 1940 in Nice. Paul Pavlovich was Gary's great cousin. The Werner Classen publishing house in Zurich got involved in the game of confusion in 1977 by writing on Monsieur Cousin's laundry slip and the loneliness of the giant snakes : “Émile Ajar, born in Nice in 1940, confesses in his life story 'Pseudo': 'I have all my books written in clinics on the advice of doctors who told me that this would have a therapeutic effect for me. At first they advised me to paint pictures, but that didn't work. '"

Gary revealed the secret after his suicide in a text left behind.

Other pseudonyms used by Romain Gary are Shatan Bogat, Lucien Brûlard and Fosco Sinibaldi.

Quotes

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  • Regarding literary theory: “One should (as an author) by no means provide the reader with a ready-made porridge or food. On the contrary, it is about the totality of (human) experiences, whereby the reader is given the opportunity to decide for himself the main aspect of a book; in other words, from all the (many) characters represented by the protagonists, a reader designates the one who seems to him to best fit the core of his own ideas. "
  • “ Patriotism is love for one's own. Nationalism is hatred of others. ”( Pour Sganarelle (1965): Le patriotisme c'est l'amour des siens. Le nationalisme c'est la haine des autres. )
  • " Avant-gardists are people who don't know exactly where they're going, but are the first to get there."
  • "At the next flood, God will not use water but paper."
  • “Some people would rather die than think. And they do it too. "
  • “You cannot ask for a meaning from life, you can only give it one; the emptiness around us is only the refusal to fill it; the whole greatness of our adventure lies in this life, which meets us with empty hands, but which can leave us enriched and transformed. "
  • “Remember that I love you as a woman because I love the man in you. Because of the iron will to be 'man enough', you will always be my wife in the most beautiful sense of the word. "
  • "Are we really no longer able to respect nature , this living freedom, which is neither profitable nor useful, but is just there every now and then?"
  • “If tolerance and respect for weakness, abhorrence of violence and oppression and this awkward attempt to place sensitivity and heart higher than all twists and turns of logic, than all guiding principles of ideology: if all of this is just one doctrine, one philosophy, another system our way; then I would rather have let those colors die a thousand times over in my sky than see so many comrades give their lives for them. It's not just ideas that I stand up for. "
  • "To me, dear elephant, sir, you perfectly represent all that is threatened today, threatened in the name of progress, utility, materialism, or even sanity."

Honors

Works

As Romain Gary

Scripts (see under filmography)

stories

  • Greetings from Kilimanjaro. 14 stories and one novel (“Gloire à nos illustres pionniers”). Piper, 1959; dtv , Munich 1967 (translated by Gert Wörner and Margarete Bormann)
    • Partial print: A desire for innocence and I speak of heroism , under the title Honor our famous pioneers . In: Klaus Möckel (Ed.): A desire for innocence. Humor and satire from France . 2nd edition. Eulenspiegel, Berlin 1986, pp. 75-90
    • French edition: Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (Collection Folio; 668). Gallimard, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-07-036668-2 (former title Gloire à nos illustres pionniers )
    • German excerpt from it: Honor our famous pioneers . In Klaus Möckel (ed.): A desire for innocence. Humor and satire from France . 2nd ed. Eulenspiegel, Berlin 1986, pp. 254–275 (from: Gloire à nos illustres pionniers , German from ed. In den Piper / dtv-Ausg. 1959, 1967, see above , not included)
    • English edition: Hissing Tales . Michael Joseph Books, London 1966 (translated by Richard J. Howard).
  • The storm. Stories from the years 1935–1970 (“L'orage”). Schirmer-Graf, Munich 2006 ISBN 978-3-86555-034-7 (translated by Carina von Enzenberg and Giò Waeckerlin Induni)

Novels:

  • General Nightingale. Roman ("L'éducation européenne"). Diana, Konstanz 1962 (translated by Günter K. Leupold)
    • English, revised by Gary. Edition: Nothing important ever dies , 1960. Corgi Books, London 1968 (first edition Forest of Anger . The Cresset Forest, London 1944)
    • French edition: L'Éducation européenne . Revised version. Gallimard, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-07-036203-5
  • Tulipe. (Collection Folio; 3197). Gallimard, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-07-040876-0 (reprint of the Paris 1946 edition)
  • Clothes without people. Roman ("Le grand vestiaire"). Fischer TB, Frankfurt 1982, ISBN 3-596-28053-2 (reprint of the Frankfurt / M.1951 edition; transl. Richard Moering)
    • French edition: Le grand vestiaire (Collection Folio, 1678). Gallimard, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-07-037678-8 (reprint of the Paris 1948 edition)
    • English edition: The company of men (“Le grand vestiaire”). White Lion Publ., London 1974, ISBN 0-85617-872-1 (translated by Joseph Barnes)
  • The roots of heaven. Roman ("Les racines du ciel"). 4th edition Piper, Munich 1985 ISBN 3-492-00712-0 (transl. Lilly von Sauter )
    • French edition: Les racines du ciel (Collection Folio; 242). Gallimard, Paris 2009 ISBN 978-2-07-036242-4 (reprint of the Paris 1958 edition)
    • English edition: The roots of heaven . White Lion, London 1973 ISBN 0-85617-892-6 (translated by Jonathan Griffin)
  • Lady L. Roman . 6th edition Piper, Munich 1986 ISBN 3-492-00792-9 (translated by Gert Wörner; also in greetings from Kilimanjaro )
    • French edition: Lady L. (Collection folio, 304). Gallimard, Paris 2007 ISBN 978-2-07-036304-9 (reprint of the Paris 1963 edition)
    • English edition: Lady L. A Novel . Michael Joseph Books, London 1958
  • Early promise. Novel . Fischer TB, Frankfurt 2010, ISBN 978-3-596-18453-8 (former title First love - last love ).
    • French edition: La promesse de l'aube . Final, revised version. Gallimard, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-07-036373-5 (modified reprint of the Paris 1960 edition)
    • English edition: Promise at Dawn . New Directions Publ., New York 1987, ISBN 0-8112-1016-2 (translated by Romain Gary under the pseudonym John Markham Beach; reprint of the New York 1961 edition)
  • The Talent Scout. A novel ("Les mangeurs d'étoiles"). Four Square, London 1965 (translated by Romain Gary under the pseudonym John Markham Beach)
    • French edition: Les mangeurs d'étoiles (La Comédie américaine, 1). Gallimard, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-07-037257-7 (reprint of the Paris 1966 edition)
  • The dance of Genghis Cohn. Roman ("La danse de Gengis Cohn"). dtv , Munich 1970 (translated by Herbert Schlüter )
    • French edition: La danse de Gengis Cohn (Frère océan; 2). Gallimard, Paris 2006, ISBN 2-07-039302-X (reprint of the Paris 1967 edition)
    • Review of the first edition: NN, online , Der Spiegel No. 32, 1967
    • English edition: The dance of Genghis Cohn. A novel (Schocken Books, New York 1982), ISBN 0-8052-0693-0 (reprinted from London 1969 edition; translated by Romain Gary and Camilla Sykes)
  • La tete coupable. (Frère océan; 3). Gallimard, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-07-037204-9 (Collection Folio; 1204; reprint of the Paris 1968 edition)
    • English edition: The guilty head. Genghis Cohn is alive and dancing in Tahiti. World Publ., New York 1969 & New American Library 1969
    • Review of the Engl. Edited by William D. Stahlman
  • Angel without heaven. Novel. ("Goodbye Gary Cooper"). Piper, Munich 1966
    • French edition: Adieu Gary Cooper (La Comédie américaine; 2). Gallimard, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-07-038452-5 (former title The ski bum ; translated by Romain Gary).
  • Beverly Hills' white dog. Roman ("Chien blanc"). Dtv, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-423-01072-X (translated by Herbert Schlueter).
    • French edition: Chien blanc (Collection Folio; 50). Gallimard, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-07-036050-4 (reprint of the Paris 1972 edition).
    • English edition: White Dog . University Press, Chicago, Ill. 2004, ISBN 0-226-28430-1 (first published in 1968 as a sequel in Life magazine , USA).
  • Europe (Collection Folio; 3273). Gallimard, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-07-041096-X (reprint of the Paris 1972 edition).
    • English edition: Europe . Doubleday, New York 1978, ISBN 0-385-01986-6 (translated by Barbara Bray and Romain Gary).
  • Les enchanteurs (Collection Folio; 1904). Gallimard, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-07-037904-0 (reprint of the Paris 1973 edition).
    • English edition: The enchanters . Putnams, Nerw York 1975, ISBN 0-399-11488-2 (translated by Helen Eustis).
  • Oh, dearest, that doesn't matter. Roman ("Au-delá de cette limit, your ticket n'est plus valable"). 5th edition Ullstein, Frankfurt / M. 1979, ISBN 3-548-03419-5 (translated by Gerhard Heller ).
    • French edition: Au-delà de cette limite, votre ticket n'est plus valable . Gallimard, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-07-037048-1 (reprint of the Paris 1975 edition)
    • English edition: (The) way out. Michael Joseph, London 1977 ISBN 0-7181-1599-6 (translated by Sophie Wilkins)
  • A woman's love. Roman ("Clair de femme"). Schirmer-Graf, Munich 2009 ISBN 978-3-86555-069-9 (transl. Leon Scholsky; epilogue Sven Crefeld, with time table and catalog of works; former title Frauenlicht , transl. Helmut Kossodo, Ullstein, 1983).
    • French edition: Clair de femme . Gallimard, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-07-037367-3 (reprint of the Paris 1977 edition).
  • Breathing power plant. Roman ("Charge d'âme"). Ullstein, Frankfurt / M. 1981, ISBN 3-548-20117-2 (translated by Helmut Kossodo).
    • French edition: Charge d'âme . Gallimard, Paris 1998, ISBN 2-07-040366-1 (reprint of the Paris 1977 edition; revision of the English edition The Gasp ).
    • English edition: The Gasp. A novel . Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1973, ISBN 0-297-76558-2 .
  • Les clowns lyriques . Gallimard, Paris 1989, ISBN 2-07-038172-2 (formerly Couleurs du jour ).
    • English edition: The colors of the dawn. A novel . White Lion Publ., London 1976, ISBN 0-85617-882-9 (translated by Stephen J. Becker)
  • Memory with wings . Roman ("Les cerfs-volants"). Structure, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-351-01500-3 (translated by Jeanne Pachnicke).
    • new under the title Die Jagd nach dem Blau , Rotpunktverlag Zurich, 2019. ISBN 978-3-85869-828-5 (translated by Jeanne Pachnicke).
    • French edition: Les cerfs-volants . Gallimard, Paris 1990, ISBN 2-07-037467-X (reprint of the Paris 1980 edition)
  • L'homme à la colombe . Version définitive. Gallimard, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-07-077246-2 (modified reprint of the Paris 1958 edition; see below Fosco Sinibaldi)

Non-fiction

  • Pour sganarelle. Recherche d'un roman et d'un personnage (Frère océan; 1). Gallimard, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-07-022668-9 (reprint of the Paris 1965 edition; essay on his writing).
  • Les Trésors de la mer Rouge . Gallimard, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-07-038693-2 (reprint of the Paris 1971 edition).
  • La nuit sera calme . Gallimard, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-07-036719-3 (reprint of the Paris 1974 edition; conversations with François Bondy )
  • Vie et mort d'Émile Ajar . Gallimard, Paris 1981, ISBN 2-07-026351-7 (published posthumously)
    • English edition: Life and Death of Émile Ajar . Translated by Barbara Wright, in Émile Ajar: L'Angoisse du roi Salomon , see there (as an appendix); again in David Bellos (translator, ed.): Hocus Bogus. Romain Gary writing as Émile Ajar. Yale UP, (see Ajar, pseudo. ) Pp. 177-194
  • Ode à l'homme qui fut la France. Calmann-Lévy, Paris 1997

theatre

  • Tulipe ou la protestation. Preface by Gabriel Garran. Series: Le manteau d'harlequin. Gallimard, Paris 2007 ISBN 2-07-078699-4
  • Johnnie Coeur. Comédie en 2 acts and 9 tableaux . Gallimard, Paris 1961 (dramatization of his novel L'Homme à la colombe ).
  • La bonne moitié. Comédie dramatique en deux actes . Gallimard, Paris 1979, ISBN 2-07-018540-0 (dramatization of his novel Le Grand Vestiaire ).

Work edition

As Émile Ajar

As Fosco Sinibaldi

  • L'homme à la colombe . Gallimard, Paris 1958 (new edition see and Romain Gary).

As René Deville

  • Direct flight to Allah. A novel . Collins, London 1975, ISBN 0-00-221145-9 (French edition see below Shatan Bogat).

As Shatan Bogat

  • Les têtes de Stéphanie ("Direct flight to Allah"). Gallimard, Paris 1974, ISBN 2-07-029017-4 (translated by Françoise Lovat).

As Lucien Brûlard

Pseudonym formed from two fictional characters by Stendhal , his role model: (Lucien Leuwen and Henri Brulard), added the Circonflex . He used it in unpublished early writings (Russian gari means French brûle !, "Brenne!", Imperative).

Filmography

actor

  • 1967: The Strait of Corinth ( La Route de Corinth ) - Claude Chabrol (Director)

Author of a literary source

Screenplay writer

Other productions

Open letter

Theatre:

  • Dschingis Cohn - Bruno Max (Director). Vienna 2002, Theater for Fear
  • Dschingis Cohn - Hildegard Plattner (director). Böblingen , March 2010, music and art school

interview

  • André Bourin: Romain Gary, le nomade multiple. Entretiens avec RG (Les Grandes Heures). INA France Culture ( RF ), Paris 2006 (Harmonia mundi, 2 CDs (in French)) 2h 28 min.
  • Broadcast of a TV interview with Gary in the literature program Apostrophes in the spring of 1975 on Antenne 2

literature

Essays

  • Anne Graczyk: Sens et fonction de l'espace fictionnel européen das "Éducation européenne" de Romain Gary 1945 et "L'Europe buissonnière" d'Antoine Blondin 1949. Vers une approche geocentrée du texte littéraire, in Europe between text and place. Interculturality in times of war 1914–1954. L'Europe entre Texte et Lieu. Interculturalités en temps de guerre 1914–1954. Yearbook of the France Center, 12th ed. Saarland University . Transcript, Bielefeld 2013 ISBN 3-8376-2357-2 , pp. 39-61
  • Nancy Huston : Romain Gary. A foreign body in French literature . In: Delf Schmidt (Ed.): Masks, Metamorphoses (Rowohlt Literaturmagazin; 45). Rowohlt, Reinbek 2000 ISBN 3-498-03908-3 , pp. 113-133.
  • François Bondy : A man and his double . In: Melvin Lasky , François Bondy (Eds.): European notebooks. New societies and old politics 1954–1985 . Transaction Publ., New Brunswick 2005, ISBN 0-7658-0271-6 , pp. 279-281
    • ders .: On the death of a friend . Ibid. Pp. 275-278.
  • Elvira Grötzinger: Le juif imaginaire. Romain Garys Dybbuk. in Brigitte Sendet, ed .: Between adaptation and exile. Jewish authors and subjects in the Romance countries. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2001 ISBN 978-3-447-04434-9 , pp. 114–117 (in German; readable in google books)
  • Gabriele Klaus: Satirical short stories by Romain Gary in French lessons in high school . In: Foreign language teaching ISSN  0340-2207 Jg. 20, 1986, H. 77, pp. 53–58
  • Joachim Kronsbein: Playing with a broken heart . In: Der Spiegel , Vol. 61 (2008), No. 26 of June 23, pp. 154f
  • Marko Martin : The last elephant. On the 20th anniversary of Romain Gary's death. In: MUT , December 2000, pp. 66-70, ISSN  0027-5093 .
  • Clara Lévy: Le double je (u) de Romain Gary . In: Diess .: Ecritures de l'identité. Écrivains juifs après la shoah . PUF, Paris 1998 ISBN 2-13-049686-5
  • Ralph Schoolcraft: “Une éducation européenne”. De Roman Kacew à Romain Gary . In: Marie-Odile André, Johan Faerber, Tanguy Viel , Philippe Vilain: Premiers romans 1945–2003. Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris 2005 ISBN 2-87854-320-3 (in French)
  • Joachim Umlauf: Romain Gary . In: Heinz Ludwig Arnold (Ed.): Critical Lexicon for Foreign Language Contemporary Literature (KLfG). Edition Text + Criticism, München 2008 ff (also available online).
  • Astrid Poier-Bernhard: "La danse de Gengis Cohn", by and "in" Romain Gary, in From testimony to fiction. Representation of camp reality and the Shoah in French literature after 1945. Series: KZ - memoria scripta, 2, area: Romanic literatures and cultures. Ed. Silke Segler-Meßner, Monika Neuhofer Peter Kuon. Peter Lang, Bern 2006 ISBN 978-3-631-54148-7 , pp. 337-348

Books

  • Guy Amsellem: Romain Gary. Les métamorphoses de l'identité. L'Harmattan, 2008
  • Myriam Anissimov: Romain Gary. Le caméléon (Collection Folio; 4415). Editions Gallimard, Paris 2006, ISBN 2-07-041361-6 (detailed biography).
  • Myriam Anissimov: Romain Gary. L'enchanteur . Edition Textuel, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-84597-393-0 .
  • David Bellos : Romain Gary. A tall story . Harvill Secker Random House, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-84343-170-1 .
  • Anne-Berenike Binder: "Mon ombre est restée là-bas". Literary and media forms of remembering in space and time (Romania Judaica; 8) ISSN  1435-098X ). Niemeyer, Tübingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-484-57008-5 (also dissertation, University of Konstanz 2007)
  • Dominique Bona : Romain Gary. Gallimard, Paris 1987 & 2001 ISBN 2-07-041761-1 (In French).
  • Murielle Lucie Clément, ed .: Autour des écrivains franco-russes. L'Harmattan, Paris 2008 ISBN 2-296-07574-6
  • Maxime Decout: Album Romain Gary , [Paris]: Gallimard, [2019], ISBN 978-2-07-280543-1
  • Claudia Gronewald: Romain Gary's worldview as reflected in his novels (Munster contributions to Romance philology; 18). Nodus, Münster 1997, ISBN 3-89323-568-X (plus dissertation, University of Münster 1997; table of contents ).
  • Timo Obergöker: Écritures du non-lieu. Topographies d'une impossible quête identitaire. Romain Gary, Patrick Modiano and Georges Perec . Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2004 ISBN 3-631-52613-X (also dissertation, University of Nancy 2003)
    • ders .: Autobiography et francisation. Le cas de Romain Gary et d' Albert Cohen . In: Magdalena Silvia Mancas, Dagmar Schmelzer, ed .: The 'espace autobiographique' and the negotiation of cultural identity. A pragmatic place of autobiography in the literatures of Romania. Meidenbauer, Munich 2011, pp. 73–88.
  • Astrid Poier-Bernhard: Romain Gary in the mirror of literary criticism Niemeyer, Tübingen 1999 ISBN 3-631-35273-5 content
    • this .: Romain Gary: The burning me. Literary theoretical implications of a pseudonym game. Series: Mimesis, 26. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1996, ISBN 3-484-55026-0 content
  • Julien Roumette (etc.): Romain Gary: L'ombre de histoire . (Littératures, 56) Presses universitaires de Mirail PUM, Toulouse 2007, ISBN 978-2-85816-954-2
  • Ralph Schoolcraft: Romain Gary: The man who sold his shadow. University of Pennsylvania Press , Philadelphia, Pa. 2002, ISBN 0-8122-3646-7 (most comprehensive biography, in Engl.)

Dissertations (see also web links)

Media productions about Gary

  • Variety Moszynski, theme evening on Arte Television : Gary - Ajar: le double "Je." 1994

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ in French official papers Kacewgari; Journal officiel of the French Government of October 16, 1951
  2. ↑ Huston assumes that Gary wrote almost everything in French, even if he first published a text in English. The respective translation (partly also as a revision) was done by Gary to varying degrees, often together with other translators. More details from Nancy Huston: Tombeau de Romain Gary. Actes Sud, Arles 1995, ISBN 2-7427-0313-6 (2004, ISBN 2-7427-3790-1 ), p. 101, note 12. Only the LIFE essays on which Chien Blanc is based are Written directly in American English. Together with her husband Tzvetan Todorov, Huston is an important interpreter of Gary in the French and English-speaking world.
  3. ↑ GoogleBooks: A Homeless Person's Search for Home: The Conflict of the Jews in the Diaspora
  4. ↑ His paternity has not yet been proven and is only handed down by science as the most likely information. Gary named Mosschuchin , who worked in France in the 20 / 30s, as his father, but no one believes that
  5. ^ Journal officiel of the French government of October 16, 1951
  6. ↑ «Pour la presse. Jour J. Aucun report with Jean Seberg. Les fervents du coeur brisé sont priés de s'adresser ailleurs. On peut mettre cela évidemment sur le compte d'une dépression nerveuse. Mais alors il faut admettre que celle-ci dure depuis que j'ai l'âge d'homme et m'aura permis de mener à bien mon œuvre littéraire. Alors, pourquoi? Peut-être faut-il chercher la réponse dans le titre de mon ouvrage autobiographique: "La nuit sera calme" et dans les derniers mots de mon dernier roman: "Car on ne saurait mieux dire". Je me suis enfin exprimé entièrement. " After Pierre Bayard: Il était deux fois Romain Gary. PUF, Paris 1990 ISBN 2-13-043132-1 , p. 124, note 2, spelling errors corrected (omission of the article before âge). The book can be viewed in excerpts online. - For the meaning of the quote from Les cerfs-volants, see the linked article for this book. English version z. B. in Time , December 15, 1980, but with misleading punctuation at the end
  7. ↑ L'Orage also gave the title for the German book of short stories Das Gewitter from 2006
  8. ↑ The US version has been changed by Gary compared to the French first version, literary critics say: improved
  9. ↑ So son of a cousin. Often incorrectly referred to as nephew in the older literature
  10. ↑ Another confusion on the laundry slip of the publishing house Volk und Welt - edition of La vie ... from 1978: "1941 born ... discontinued medical studies ... traveling through several countries ..." etc. Even a photo of a younger man is reproduced there
  11. ↑ See BNF entry
  12. ↑ Il ne s'agit nullement de fournir au lecteur un magma, un matériau, mais une totalité d'expériences qui lui laisserait la possibilité de décider du sens dominant de l'oeuvre, de désigner, parmi toutes les identités mimées par le personnage, celle qui lui paraît correspondre le plus à la nature de ses propres préoccupations.
  13. ↑ from: The colors of the day, French Les couleurs du jour, 1952. “Those colors” refers to the French. National colors and the values ​​they stand for. The death of his comrades relates to his activity as a fighter pilot in the war
  14. ↑ 1966 "Letter to an Elephant", French: Lettre à l'éléphant , Le Figaro Littéraire, March 1968 Lettre à l'éléphant ( Memento from October 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ This institute corresponds roughly to the German Institut Français . The logo of the website shows (in an animation) a dragon in the French national colors, an indication of the importance of Gary's last book, Memory with Wings . If you decipher the novel, it actually reflects a sum of Gary's work
  16. ^ Monument in Vilnius . It shows a scene from his childhood that describes how he wanted to impress a girl: he looks up, presses a galoshe to his chest and will bite into it. He describes this episode in his autobiographical novel Early Forgetting (French 1961).
  17. ↑ including the stories: Comrade Taube; Decadence; A humanist; The oldest story in the world; Fame and greatness; and the novel: Lady L. - "A Humanist" also in The Most Perfect Murders. Top crime 23 times. Scherz Verlag , Munich 1986 ISBN 3-502-51040-7 Without ed.
  18. ↑ see films. The publishers use both titles of the book alternately.
  19. ↑ Contents: L'orage; A bout de souffle; Geographie humaine; dix ans après ou La plus vieille histoire du monde; Sergent Gnama; Une petiute femme; Le Grec.
  20. ↑ This is the name of the hidden colonel of the Polish partisan group in the woods. Based on the 1961 version
  21. ^ Title of the US edition: A European Education
  22. ↑ the fact of the revision. did not inform Gallimard; Gary adds a new character; for Editionsgesch. see Schoolcraft 2005. Now called édition définitive. - Frequent new editions in English / French
  23. ^ A surviving Jew from Buchenwald concentration camp lives in Harlem after the war . Also as a theater adaptation, see below
  24. ^ With a time table and a catalog raisonné by RG, based on the edition of 1980, see also Deutschlandradio Kultur : “The obedient chameleon” , review, March 20, 2008
  25. ↑ From the French. According to the imprint at dtv "unabridged", which usually meant: in relation to the German hardcover or first edition. For the actual shortening of all German book versions compared to the French original, see web links from Poier-Bernhard; 2 longer passages (and related short sentences), which dealt with the German production of soap from the bones of murdered Jews, were shortened. The author of the cuts and his authorization to do so remain open. Schlüter (1906-2004) was a voluntary emigrant from Germany, but also an interpreter in the Nazi armed forces. He was considered a respected translator, the DNB lists 60 translations from Romance languages. At the time, Piper's publishing director was Hans Rößner , SS . - The motif of the German production of soap from the bones of murdered Jews also in "Pour Sganarelle" 1965 and in "Les Cerfs-volants" French 1980, so that Gary at least attached importance to this topos. - The factuality of soap production is controversial. This is indicated by a tombstone in Nice, where Gary lived for a long time. Serious historians have long rejected the assumption, cf. Joachim Neander (2004) . As a recurring legend: Sabir Badalkhan: Soap made from Jewish fat. On the history of the impact of a contemporary legend. in Fabula, Journal of Narrative Research - Journal of Folktale Studies - Revue d'Etudes sur le Conte Populaire. Volume 46. No. 3-4, 2005, pp. 241-256. Another unmarked abbreviation in German concerns the current politics of 1967. From page 20 (French) the second half of the page is missing: (after Horst-Wessel-Lied ): At the moment there is a clear renaissance of military marches in Germany. You use it on records. You sing them. One prepares. Chancellor Erhard traveled to the USA to demand nuclear weapons. When he came back he was just fidgeting and then was sawed off. 19 years of democracy, you can hardly stand that if you "have a past". The new Chancellor Kiesinger belonged to the Nazi party (only) for a moment, from 1932 to 1945, in a fit of youthful idealism and impetuosity. In short, it may still exist, this heat wave, a gust of wind brings it here, and it confuses me a bit: a spirit of optimism. On the other hand, I remember: when Prof. Herbert Lewin was supposed to be appointed to the Offenbach General Hospital a few years ago , that is in Frankfurt, the majority of the councilors spoke out against it on the pretext, and I quote here: "You cannot trust to him because he is a Jewish doctor; we cannot allow him to treat German women impartially after what happened to the Jews. " I even spotted this quote recently in the Sunday Times, in the illustrated supplement of October 16, 1966, and then put it above my friend's darling seat to make him feel less alone. The last remark naturally means: as a Nazi and current civil servant, as every sentence in the book is bristling with ironic allusions. Another unmarked abbreviation: On p. 11 of the French EA it is about how current the memory of the Shoah may be, given today's overstimulation. Schlueter in the German EA from 1969, p. 11: Especially since young people don't care about me (sc. Cohn). , in Frz. is added, however, "(Les jeunes, surtout, se fichent de moi) comme de l'an 40.", so not only Cohn as a person is irrelevant to them, but all the events of 1940, specifically the German occupation of France. With this omission, Schlüter de-historicizes the novel. The reason for the novel is as follows: In 1966, Gary and Seberg visited the memorial to the destroyed Warsaw Ghetto, because there he had spent part of his youth. Gary collapsed at the documents, pictures and descriptions and then hallucinated. The novel wants to process this experience artistically
  26. ↑ Text changed compared to the French edition. For example, page 9 is new about Jews and Germans: Cohn as a Jew feels comfortable as a dibbuk in SS-Mann Schatz. Of course, there were some signs of wear and tear, because of a lack of knowledge, because of intrusiveness, because of loss of memory. But time has a certain way of cleaning up places, much better than rats, and after all, one cannot expect the German sky to adorn itself with the yellow Star of David for three days and forever . The sky was occasionally darkened by the Jewish smoke, but the Blue Beast of Eternity passed over it with a little wind, just on the surface, and everything looked very pretty again. The stars of David in the sky are a recurring motif for Gary, see his book Memory with Wings
  27. ^ Translated from Margarete Bormann. Again Bertelsmann, Gütersloh o. J. (1968)
  28. ^ According to today's knowledge, Gary actually wrote these sequels in the original in English
  29. ^ Title of the US edition Your ticket is no longer valid .
  30. ↑ Review
  31. ^ A novel about the Resistance and adolescence. As a CD, not in stores: DAISY audio book , speaker Uwe Schröder. 678 min., No. 6915 at German Central Library for the Blind in Leipzig , DZB - French excerpts in text and SOUND (CD) in Geneviève Baraona Ed .: Littérature en dialogue. Intermédiaire level. ISBN 2-09-035218-3 (with teaching material)
  32. ↑ Bondy was a schoolmate of Gary. The text comes only from RG, he then asked his friend to put the questions or comments there, as Bondy writes in the obituary in the Encounter. Su section literature
  33. ↑ Compilation of his articles on de Gaulle
  34. ^ Written by Gary in the mid 1940's. Louis Jouvet was supposed to stage a performance, but the two could not agree on it, there was no performance at the time, but an important correspondence between the two. In this issue Gary's text with the indicative subtitle and other documents. In the play, the survivor no longer comes from Buchenwald, but from the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
  35. ↑ Contents: Éducation européenne; La promesse de l'Aube; Chien blanc; Les trésors de la Mer Rouge; Les enchanteurs; La vie devant soi; Pseudo; Vie et mort d'Émile Ajar.
  36. ↑ after Russian agar, ash, z. B. of the dead
  37. ↑ Print editions are hardly available. As a radio play version, also MP3, easy to find on many servers. Arrangement & direction Andreas von Westphalen. First WDR , 2009
  38. ↑ as a non-commercial audio book: Daisy CD No. H004506 402 minutes, addr. See "Memory with wings"
  39. ^ Roeber in the translator database of the VdÜ , 2017. This edition is distributed under the author's name "Gary".
  40. ↑ A free transfer; attached: Life and death of Emile Ajar , pp. 177-204
  41. ↑ as a non-commercial audio book: DAISY CD H004954, 628 min. Address see above under "Memory with wings"
  42. ↑ Attached: Life and death of Emile Ajar .
  43. ↑ shatan, Russian: Satan; bog russ .: God
  44. ↑ not mentioned in the credits; with Jean Seberg , Maurice Ronet , Christian Marquand and others
  45. ↑ after the novel The Colors of the Day ; with Leslie Caron , Henry Fonda , Cesare Danova u. a.
  46. ↑ based on the novel of the same name; with Sophia Loren , Paul Newman , David Niven a . a.
  47. ↑ with Melina Mercouri , Assi Dayan , Didier Haudepin a . a.
  48. ^ "EA" as Emile Ajar; with Simone Signoret , Michal Bat-Adam , Samy Ben Youb u. a.
  49. ↑ with Romy Schneider , Yves Montand , Lila Kedrova u. a. German Version since 2004 on DVD
  50. ↑ "EA" as Émile Ajar; with Jean Carmet , Marthe Villalonga , Francis Perrin a . a.
  51. ↑ with Richard Harris , Jennifer Dale , George Peppard a . a .; engl. 1981 version Your ticket is no longer valid
  52. ↑ Title of the video version
  53. ↑ with Kristy McNichol , Christa Lang , Vernon Weddle a . a .; German parallel title The White Beast ; Fuller's accusation against racism was never shown in US or German cinemas.
  54. ↑ with Anne Gautier , Jacques Penot , Rosy Varte ; TV performance in Antenne 2 in 4 parts “Lila”, “Balade polonaise”, “La raison de vivre”, “La poursuite du bleu” on May 11th, 18th, 28th and June 1st 1984
  55. ↑ with Diana Rigg , Robert Lindsay u. a .; Movie made for television in the episode Screen Two, 1985–2002, season 10, November 9, 1993
  56. ↑ with Gérard Jugnot , Jean-Marc Barr , Viktor Laszlo a . a.
  57. ↑ with Tchéky Karyo , Marc-André Grondin , Gaëlle Bona u. a .; TV, French
  58. ↑ with Pierre Richard a . a.
  59. ↑ with Errol Flynn , Juliette Gréco , Trevor Howard , Orson Welles , Eddie Albert
  60. ↑ with Eddie Albert, Paul Anka , Arletty ; as a writer for additional scenes
  61. ^ With Jean Seberg, Maurice Ronet, Pierre Brasseur
  62. ↑ with Jean Seberg, James Mason , Curd Jürgens
  63. ↑ Ulrich Holthusen: Permanent remorse . In: Sindelfinger Zeitung / Böblinger Zeitung . Review with 1 photo. After an adaptation by the Marx Brothers
  64. ^ The journalist André Bourin in conversation with Romain Gary, May / June 1969; Huston mentions several other radio broadcasts with or about (1993) RG in France and Canada in "Tombeau", edition 2010, p. 99 note 1.
  65. ^ From the French by Doris Heinemann. With short excerpts from "Pseudo" and "King Solomon's Fears". A very excellent introduction, also to those not in German. published works. The important book Les cerfs-volants mentioned there is also available in German, see above, works.- Huston about Gary: see also web links
  66. ↑ Essays from the Encounter ; See Gary's "Interviews" with Bondy, under Works
  67. ^ Obituary Aug. 1981, online in google books
  68. ↑ on the short stories "J'ai soif d'innocence" and "Je parle de l'héroisme"
  69. ↑ to the new translation of “Early Promise”; superficial, ignoring the author's Jewish or political background
  70. ↑ also: “ Georges Perec et le gommage du sujet”, pp. 144–159; “L'engagement militant d ' Albert Memmi ”, pp. 183–201; "L'ambivalence d ' Albert Cohen ", pp. 202-222; " Edmond Jabès ou l'identité remarquable", pp. 223-237; readable online
  71. ↑ cf. this. Author in the following section "Books"
  72. ↑ he sees Gary primarily in the literary successor of Alexander Pushkin and Gogol . Book can be viewed in Google books .
  73. ↑ to "Dance of Dschinghis Cohn", also in the film version; It also deals with Charlotte Delbo , Soazig Aaron , Alain Resnais with Night and Fog and Liliana Cavani
  74. ↑ available in German online bookshops. Contains about RG: Valentina Chepig, Jeu suit RG, 41ff .; Arnauld Vareille, Humor et stratégie littéraire das "La promesse de l'aube" 53ff .; Geneviève Roland, La brûlure européenne d'un caméléon francophile 77ff .; Claudia Almeida, L'enchanteur RG 95ff .; Leslee Poulton, Les mères russes vues par leurs fils francophones: Bosquet , Gary, Troyat 169ff .; Sabine van Wesenmael, La névrose post-traumatique éclairée par Elsa Triolet et Émile Ajar 183ff.
  75. ↑ Obergöker compares the three authors under the aspect of their Jewishness , whereby he problematizes this term himself. It covers: Perec, W ou le souvenir d'enfance; Gary, La Danse de Gengis Cohn and Modiano, La Place de l'Etoile. As a result, “the Jew” has no place with these three, they continue to wander, despite all the places of remembrance
  76. ^ Scientific Congress. The volume also contains a CD with recordings as video and with all speeches. Expand Contents of the book: Devoir d'imagination, by Roumette; Le citoyen de la rue du Bac, by Roger Grenier; Actualité de Gary, by Jean-Pierre Martin; Le cauchemar de l'histoire: De Chien blanc à la lumière de La danse de Gengis Cohn, by Roumette; Derrière Gary. Conrad et la tragédie romanesque, by Paul Rozenberg; L'aviateur enterré ou la démythification de l'image de l'aviateur dans l'oeuvre de RG, by Jean-Marie Catonné; L'Histoire autrement, by Mireille Sacotte; Gary, entre appartenance et identité, by Paul Audi & Jean-Pierre Martin; La Russie des Enchanteurs, ou l'art de tromper son monde, by Ruth Diver; Dialogues de la mémoire et de l'histoire chez RG Effets de Cerfs-volants, by Ralph Schoolcraft; Retours de mémoire. La liberté impossible. Tulipe et Les clowns lyriques, by Firyel Abdeijaouad; Oliver Twist à Paris, Gary à New York: Le grand vestiaire et les tabous de l'après-guerre, by David Bellos; Gengis Cohn en Allemagne, Gengis Cohn en Gary, by Astrid Poier-Bernhard; «Burn, baby, burn!», By Jean-François Hangouët. The essay by Poier-Bernhard German see under "Articles"
  77. ↑ not printed, in the university library
  78. ↑ The same filmmaker made a film documentary about Gary in 1984
  79. ↑ Use the plus sign in the green button for a complete display
  80. ↑ esp. About first love, last love; General nightingale; You still have life ahead of you; Memory with wings and les enchanteurs. bibliography
personal data
SURNAME Gary, Romain
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ajar, Émile; Beach, John Markham; Sinibaldi, Fosco; Deville, René; Bogat, Shatan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-French writer
DATE OF BIRTH May 8, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Vilnius , today Lithuania
DATE OF DEATH 2nd December 1980
Place of death Paris , France