Rovinj

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Rovinj
Rovigno
coat of arms
coat of arms 		flag
flag
Rovinj (Croatia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 45 ° 4 ′ 58 ″  N , 13 ° 37 ′ 59 ″  E
Basic data
State : Croatian flag Croatia
County : Flag of Istria County Istria
Height : 0  m. i. J.
Area : 79  km²
Residents : 14,294 (2011)
Population density : 181 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+385) 052
Postal code : 52 210
License plate : PU
Boat registration : RV
Structure and administration
(as of 2017)
Community type : city
Mayor : Marko Paliaga ( IDS / DDI )
Postal address : Trg Matteotti 2
52 210 Rovinj
Website :
Rovinj2007.jpg
View of Rovinj
 Rovigno

Rovinj [ ˈrɔʋiɲ ] ( Croat . ) Or Rovigno ( it. ), ( Istr. Ruvèigno ) is a bilingual city in Croatia on the west coast of the Istrian peninsula . It has 14,294 inhabitants (as of 2011), 11.25% of which belong to the Italian minority.

geography

The city is surrounded by the Adriatic Sea to the west and south-west and the Limski Canal to the north . Originally, Rovinj was its own island, which was not connected to the mainland until 1763. To the east is the suburb of Rovinjsko Selo and about 25 kilometers further the city of Kanfanar . To the southeast is the suburb of Kokuletovica and about nine kilometers further the municipality of Bale .

About one kilometer south of the old town of Rovinj is Zlatni rt (Golden Cape), another peninsula jutting out into the sea. A park that is more than 100 years old and is now under nature protection extends over 70 hectares. Rovinj and its bays are surrounded by 22 smaller and larger islands. The largest of these islands, Sveta Katarina, is within sight of the peninsula in the old town. Even further south behind Zlatni rt is Sveta Andrija. A dam connects the island with the smaller neighboring island of Maskin.

climate

Rovinj
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
75
 
9
3
 
 
65
 
8th
3
 
 
68
 
13
5
 
 
78
 
16
9
 
 
70
 
21st
13
 
 
69
 
25th
17th
 
 
59
 
28
20th
 
 
80
 
28
19th
 
 
98
 
24
14th
 
 
91
 
18th
10
 
 
112
 
13
8th
 
 
84
 
11
6th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source:
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Rovinj
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 9 8th 13 16 21st 25th 28 28 24 18th 13 11 O 17.9
Min. Temperature (° C) 3 3 5 9 13 17th 20th 19th 14th 10 8th 6th O 10.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 75 65 68 78 70 69 59 80 98 91 112 84 Σ 949
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 3 3 4th 6th 7th 8th 10 8th 8th 5 3 3 O 5.7
Water temperature (° C) 10 10 9 11 17th 20th 23 24 22nd 18th 15th 12 O 15.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
9
3
8th
3
13
5
16
9
21st
13
25th
17th
28
20th
28
19th
24
14th
18th
10
13
8th
11
6th
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		75
65
68
78
70
69
59
80
98
91
112
84
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source:

history

The Romans gave the insignificant island place the name Ruginium in the 2nd century. The name Rovigno comes from the 7th century, after 1945 it was renamed under Yugoslav rule in Rovinj, as the city is called in Croatian today. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the island fell under the rule of Byzantium as Castrum Rubini between 539 and 788 , briefly interrupted by the Lombard episode 753 to 774. From 788 the city came under the rule of the Franks . In the 9th century, the city was repeatedly exposed to attacks by pirates, so the defensive walls were increased. However, this could not prevent Rovinj from burning down in 876. From the 10th to the 12th century, the city was self-governing in the possession of various noble families. Belonging to Venice from 1283 , Rovinj experienced a longer period of prosperity, despite the raids of the Genoese (1379) and the Uskoks (1559 and 1599) with looting and devastation.

After the collapse of the Republic of Venice (1797) and the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1805, the place, like the entire coast of Istria, came under the influence of Napoleon . At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when the region of Illyria was awarded to the Habsburgs , Rovigno was also placed under Austrian rule. During the Austrian Empire , the city was initially part of the Kingdom of Illyria and, from 1849, of the Crown Land of the Austrian Coast . In 1900 the city of Rovigno had 10,302 inhabitants. Of these, 9,716 were Italians, 201 Germans and 41 Serbo-Croatians. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary in World War I , Rovigno and Istria fell to Italy . After the Second World War , the city, now called Rovinj, came to Yugoslavia , part of the Republic of Croatia , which has been independent since 1991.

The varied history has strongly shaped the cityscape of Rovinj. The old town, built on a hill jutting out into the sea, with its winding alleys and its Romanesque-Gothic cityscape, has numerous elements from the Renaissance , Baroque and neoclassical buildings.

Churches and chapels

Church of St. Euphemia

The old town is enthroned by the three-aisled baroque church of Saint Euphemia (Santa Eufemia). It was built at the beginning of the 18th century on the foundations of an older church by the Venetian builder Giovanni Dozzi. Euphemia was a martyr at the time of the Emperor Diocletian . According to legend, the wild animals that she was thrown to eat did not harm her. She had to be killed by a stab in the back. The sarcophagus with its bones was kept in Byzantium , but disappeared in the years of the iconoclasm . In the year 800 it is said to have miraculously washed ashore near Rovinj. Since then, the bones of St. Euphemia have been kept in a stone sarcophagus in the church of Rovinj. St. Euphemia became the patron saint of the city and all of Istria.

The town's landmark is the almost 60-meter-high church tower from the 17th century, which stands on the highest point of the former island and is modeled on the campanile in Venice. The bronze statue of Saint Euphemia, cast in 1758, sits enthroned on the top of the tower, 4.70 meters high. It can be rotated and shows the direction of the wind with the right hand.

The Holy Cross Church was built in 1592 with a small bell tower and a box in the rock. It offers a good view of the island of Sveta Katarina. Below the church there is a stone pillar erected in 1720, which points to the place where, according to tradition, on July 13th, 800 the sarcophagus with the bones of St. Euphemia was washed ashore. Directly below the Euphemia Church is the small St. Joseph Church, built in 1673.

The small church of St. Thomas the Apostle was built in 1388 and enlarged in 1733. The church with the small bell tower is accessed via a short flight of stairs. The exact year of construction of the Church of Our Lady of Mercy is not known (around the middle of the 15th century), according to an inscription, an extensive renovation took place in 1584. The neoclassical vestibule was added in 1750. The small church of St. Benedict, built in the 14th century, is located near the St. Benedict city gate of the same name.

More Attractions

Porta Balbi

The entrance to the old town is the Venetian Porta Balbi from 1680 (named after the then mayor Daniel Balbi), adorned with two coats of arms and the winged lion of the Venetian Republic. Originally the main gate of the city fortifications was located here, but it was torn down shortly before the new gate was built.

The reddish Torre dell'Orologio (clock tower), built in the 12th century and later increased several times, was once the south tower of the city wall and also served as a prison earlier. The tower is decorated with a relief of the Venetian lion and the city clock.

The oldest building is the mighty heptagonal Romanesque building of the Holy Trinity Baptistery from the 12th century, located outside the peninsula.

The Franciscan monastery , built at the beginning of the 18th century, sits enthroned on a hill opposite the old town . The monastery has a private library with over 8000 books from the 16th to 18th centuries.

Museums and exhibitions

Rovinj has two museums: The local history museum is located in the baroque palace of the former noble family Califfi from the 17th / 18th century. Century. The museum, opened in 1954, shows archaeological and ethnological collections as well as changing art exhibitions. The Batana Museum is dedicated to the exhibition of wooden boats and fishing items.

In 1968 the Center for Historical Research was founded in Rovinj. An extensive library is integrated in the building. Originally the building was used from the 15th to the 18th century as the public granary of St. Damian , and from 1872 as a tobacco factory. The public aquarium presents visitors with an insight into the underwater world of the Adriatic in over 20 pools .

Marine Biology Institute

In 1891, a small marine biological station was founded in Rovinj by the Berlin Aquarium Unter den Linden , which initially served to collect marine animals, but later became important for exploring the Adriatic and the Mediterranean. After the First World War , the station's work initially came to a standstill, until it flourished again as a result of the work of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Promotion of Science as the “German-Italian Institute for Marine Biology in Rovigno”. From 1931 to 1940 the Austrian zoologist and marine biologist Adolf Steuer was one of the directors of the institute.

Tourism and transport

The picturesque townscape, the numerous beaches in the vicinity of the city, especially on the Golden Cape and the convenient location for excursions in the surrounding area, e.g. B. the Limski Canal, make the city an attractive tourist destination . The 22 islands in front of the city, such as the Crveni Otok (Red Island; Italian San Andrea), which are easy to reach by boat and also offer swimming and diving opportunities, are also scenic. The harbor promenade and numerous restaurants and shops in the city center, which is closed to vehicles, invite you to stroll.

For cyclists there is a cycle path (starting point is the marina), well signposted to the Polari campsite - approx. 4 km through pine forests and past bathing bays. Drivers can travel the last 15 km from the Istrian Ypsilon at the intersection of the A8 / A9 via the D303.

Rovinj had a direct rail connection to the Divača - Pula line in Kanfanar . The single-track, 20 km long route ended north of the old town on the water. It was abandoned many years ago, but is still clearly visible on satellite images - as are some level crossings in the pavement. Their course is still drawn in OpenStreetMap as well as the Bing and Google maps even in 2012, even if in the latter sometimes a few meters are not entirely congruent with the actual landmarks.

Personalities

Town twinning

Rovinj maintains the following cities partnerships :

Image gallery

  • Port of Rovinj / Rovigno

  • Parish Church of St. Eufemia

  • Holy Eufemia - altar

  • Panoramic view from the Church of St. Eufemia

  • Rovinj from the south-east

  • Old town from the northeast

literature

  • Bernhard Hänsel : Rovinj prije Rima / Rovigno prima dei Romani / Rovinj before the Romans . Kiel 2002 (together with K. Mihovilić, B. Terzan, B. Hänsel, D. Matošević, C. Becker).
  • Franz Ith: The zoological station of the Berlin aquarium in Rovigno . In: The Gazebo . Issue 17, 1897, pp. 284, 286-288 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).

Web links

Commons : Rovinj  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Rovinj  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Croatian Bureau of Statistics: Census 2011 Population Census 2011
  2. ↑ klima.org
  3. ^ Special local repertories of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Austrian Imperial Council . Volume VII Coastal Land . KK Statistische Central-Commission, Vienna 1883, p. 50.
  4. ↑ see as literature: Dušan Zavodnik: A century of the aquarium business in a scientific institution - the ex zoological station of the Berlin aquarium in Rovinj (Adriatic Sea) in: History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Vol. 18, No. 1 (1996), pp 107-122