Alpine club
Alpine clubs , historically also mountain clubs in the Alpine countries, are alpine associations of the most varied kinds, whose goals today are primarily the promotion of mountain sports and environmental protection . The alpine clubs with focus of interest in the Alpine region usually call Alpine Club , in the Latin countries and German speaking Switzerland contrast Alpine Club .
goals and tasks
Originally were in the foreground
- scientific exploration of the Alps as well
- the tourist development through the construction of Alpine Club huts and mountain trails .
Collective mountaineering as a leisure activity only became the main focus of alpine clubs in the early 20th century. The migration movement was widespread at that time.
In addition, there is a partly pronounced expedition activity, which has led today's alpine clubs to partly worldwide activity. In the context of trekking ( long-distance hiking in undeveloped terrain), the main difference to the hiking club is the use of alpine techniques. In the course of the development of popular sport, more and more sections have been created that are dedicated to mountain hiking .
In addition, the field of activity extended to other mountain-specific recreational facilities ( mountaineering ) , the mountaineering clubs perform as a club activity today: in addition to hiking, mountaineering, rock climbing and skiing , snowboarding , whitewater kayaking , canyoning , mountain biking , in the wider community also paragliding , hang gliding and any other popular sports . In addition, the promotion of young people and training in alpinism-specific areas such as climbing technique , avalanche science and others, as well as the training of mountain guides, play an important role.
Another focus is the cooperation with the mountain rescue institutions . The alpine clubs provide rescue teams, keep rescue equipment ready and are responsible for maintaining the infrastructure necessary for rescue as well as keeping emergency supplies on site.
The nature reserve in the mountains has become an important task for the Alpine clubs. Mountain sports should be sustainable . One example of this is the environmental seal of approval for Alpine Club huts , which is awarded when huts are operated in an environmentally friendly manner. The protection of the mountain world from excessive development, development and urban sprawl is also today - fully aware that it was originally initiated - as a political and social guiding principle.
In addition, there are more far-reaching goals such as the preservation of regional characteristics of the customs in many association statutes as an association purpose.
organization
Many local alpine clubs were founded in the middle of the 19th century (see also the hiking movement , history of travel ). In 1932, with the establishment of the umbrella organization Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA), an association began to better enforce interests and norms. Only some associations are not members of the UIAA and have a so-called reciprocal rights agreement with UIAA members (mutual recognition regarding discounts and benefits for their members), other associations are not related to this organization, but their main activity is one of those specified by the UIAA Areas of activity (here development, maintenance, mountain rescue and protection). The alpine clubs of Austria have come together in the Association of Alpine Clubs of Austria (VAVÖ). The large alpine clubs from Germany, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia and South Tyrol have also joined forces in the Club Arc Alpin (CAA), which is also the representative of the alpine clubs in the International Commission for the Protection of the Alps (CIPRA).
Internally, many alpine clubs are divided into sections with a regional or interest-based focus, some of which were or are originally independent clubs. Membership in the Alpine Club is only possible through membership in a section.
- The Slovenian Alpine Association (PZS) consists of 287 sections with a total of 58,000 members,
- the Alpine Association South Tyrol (AVS) from 35 sections with a total of 71,809 members,
- the Club Alpin Français (CAF) with 400 sections with a total of 100,000 members,
- the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) with 111 sections and 21 subsections with a total of 150,000 members (see list of the sections of the Swiss Alpine Club ),
- the Club Alpino Italiano (CAI) with 509 sections and 313 subsections with a total of 322,000 members,
- the Austrian Alpine Association (ÖAV) from 196 sections with a total of 598,757 members,
- the German Alpine Club (DAV) made up of 358 legally independent sections with a total of almost 1.35 million members (see list of sections of the German Alpine Club ).
Not all alpine clubs have this section structure. An example of a central association with no subordinate sections is the British Alpine Club .
Alpine clubs in Austria
When the Alps were opened up in the second half of the 19th century, mountaineering developed into a popular sport; Alpine clubs were formed: November 19, 1862 Austrian Alpine Club (ÖAV); May 18, 1869 Austrian Tourist Club (ÖTK); December 6, 1878 Austrian Alpine Club ; March 25, 1890 Austrian Mountain Association (ÖGV, originally "Lower Austria Mountain Association"); March 28, 1895 Tourist Association “Die Naturfreunde ” (TVN); which shelters built, laid out secured paths, opened up and marked paths and issued printed guides and tourist maps. In 1926 the ÖTK founded the first mountaineering school for the training of mountaineers in rock and ice. Today it is one of the oldest institutions of its kind.
Austria has a long tradition of successful alpinists, some of whom have achieved world fame. In 1953 the Austrian Himalayan Society was founded on the initiative of the Austrian Tourist Club (first chairman Rudolf Jonas; 1956 first ascent of Gasherbrum II, 8053 m, as part of the Austrian Himalaya-Karakorum expedition).
German and Austrian alpine clubs were among the pioneers of anti-Semitic marginalization. Between 1899 and 1921, numerous sections in Germany and Austria introduced so-called " Aryan paragraphs " into their statutes. The driving forces behind anti-Semitism came primarily from Austria: For example, the Austria Section, under its chairman Eduard Pichl, found support from many Austrian and German sections in enforcing the “Aryan Paragraph” throughout the German and Austrian Alpine Association .
Alpine Club
In the German-speaking region of the Eastern Alps, the name Alpine Club is used for the Austrian Alpine Club (OeAV, today ÖAV) founded in 1862 and the German Alpine Club (DAV) founded in 1869 , from which the German and Austrian Alpine Association (DuOeAV / DÖAV) emerged in 1873 through the merger . Its successor was then only the German Alpine Association from 1938 to 1945 . The sections of the German and Austrian Alpine Club in South Tyrol and Trentino were expropriated after the First World War in 1921 under Articles 249 and 267 of the Treaty of Saint-Germain and the club was banned in Italy in 1923 .
After the Second World War, the Austrian Alpine Club was re-established in 1945. He administered the property of the sections of the German sister association, which was banned from 1945 to 1952. In 1946 the Alpine Association South Tyrol (AVS) was founded as an independent association. The Liechtenstein Alpine Association (LAV) was also created in 1946 from a section of the DuOeAV. Finally the DAV was re-established in 1952.
The associations ÖAV, DAV and the AVS are today friends and work closely together. The common symbol of these associations is still the edelweiss today . The LAV leads the blue gentian .
List of alpine clubs
See also
Web links
- Members of the UIAA
- The reciprocal right - inexpensive to travel to huts in Europe. Retrieved June 26, 2014 .
- Alpine clubs . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 1, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 406.
- Alpine clubs . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 19, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885-1892, p. 33. - Supplement 1891-1892
Individual evidence
- ↑ vavoe.at
- ↑ club-arc-alpin.eu
- ↑ Key data of the entire club. Alpine Association South Tyrol, accessed on June 28, 2020 (as of December 2019).
- ↑ The DAV in numbers. German Alpine Club, accessed on June 28, 2020 (as of March 2020).
- ^ The DAV and anti-Semitism , German Alpine Association
- ^ Walter Klappacher: Aryan Paragraph and Anti-Semitism in the Salzburg Cave Association - In memory of Dr. Ernst Hauser , In: Die Höhle, 56th year, issue 1–4 / 2005, p. 101.
- ↑ Martin Achrainer: "So, now we are all to ourselves!" Anti-Semitism in the Alpine Association (PDF). In: Hanno Loewy , Gerhard Milchra: Have you seen my Alps? A Jewish Relationship Story , Hohenems / Vienna 2009.
- ^ Alpenklub.at: Academic Alpine Club Innsbruck
- ↑ aavi.info: Academic Alpine Association Innsbruck
- ^ Preintaler.at: Alpine Society Preintaler
- ↑ Reisstaler.at: Alpine Society tear Taler
- ↑ Kreiter.info: Sparbacher Hut
- ↑ AVBern.ch: Alpine Association Bern
- ↑ AACBasel.ch: Academic Alpine Club Basel
- ↑ AACB.ch: Academic Alpine Club Bern
- ↑ AACZ.ch: Academic Alpine Club Zurich
- ^ Club Alpin Académique Genève. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 16, 2012 ; Retrieved April 11, 2010 (French).
- ↑ Cabane des Aiguilles-Rouges - Historique de la cabane. Association de la Cabane des Aiguilles-Rouges, accessed June 26, 2014 (French).