Shingles and Korn: Difference between pages

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{{otheruses}}
{{dablink|"Shingles" redirects here, for other uses of the term, see [[Shingle]].}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
Name = Herpes zoster |
| Name = Korn
| Img = Korn MTV Asia Awards 2006.jpg
ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|02||b|00}} |
| Img_capt = Korn at the 2006 [[MTV Asia]] awards.
ICD9 = {{ICD9|053}} |
ICDO = |
| Img_size = 250
| Landscape = Yes
Image = Herpes zoster neck.png |
| Background = group_or_band
Caption = Herpes zoster blisters on the neck and shoulder |
| Origin = [[Bakersfield, California]], [[United States]]
OMIM = |
| Genre = [[Nu metal]]<br>[[Alternative metal]]<br>[[Industrial metal]]
MedlinePlus = 000858 |
| Years_active = 1993—present
eMedicineSubj = med |
| Label = [[Immortal Records|Immortal]]/[[Epic Records|Epic]]<br>[[EMI]]/[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]
eMedicineTopic = 1007 |
| Associated_acts = [[Jonathan Davis and the SFA]]<br/>[[Fear and the Nervous System]]<br/>[[StillWell]]<br/>[[Fieldy's Dreams|Fieldy's Nightmare]]<br/>[[Brian Welch|Brian Head Welch]]
eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|derm|180}} {{eMedicine2|emerg|823}} {{eMedicine2|oph|257}} {{eMedicine2|ped|996}} |
| URL = [http://www.korn.com Official site]
DiseasesDB = 29119 |
| Current_members = [[Jonathan Davis]]<br/>[[James Shaffer|James "Munky" Shaffer]]<br/>[[Reginald Arvizu|Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu]]
| Past_members = [[David Silveria]]<br/>[[Brian Welch|Brian "Head" Welch]]
}}
}}
'''Korn''', occasionally typeset as '''KoЯn''' or '''KoRn''', is an American [[nu metal]] band from [[Bakersfield, California]], and is often credited with popularizing the [[nu metal]] genre. Along with other bands at the time, they have also inspired many nu metal and [[alternative metal]] bands throughout the mid 1990s and early 2000s.<ref name="amg-korn">{{Cite web|url=http://wm11.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:j9fuxquhld6e~T1|title=''Korn'' review|accessdate=2007-10-11|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]}}</ref>
'''Herpes zoster''' (or simply '''zoster'''), commonly known as '''shingles''', is a [[viral disease]] characterized by a painful skin rash with [[blister]]s in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe. The initial infection with [[varicella zoster virus]] (VZV) causes the acute (short-lived) illness [[chickenpox]], and generally occurs in children and young people. Once an episode of chickenpox has resolved, the virus is not eliminated from the body but can go on to cause shingles&mdash;an illness with very different symptoms&mdash;often many years after the initial infection.
Varicella zoster virus can become latent in the [[neuron|nerve cell bodies]] and less frequently in [[Satellite cells|non-neuronal satellite cells]] of [[Dorsal root ganglion|dorsal root]], [[Cranial nerves|cranial nerve]] or [[autonomic]] [[ganglion]],<ref name="pmid12676845"/> without causing any [[symptoms]].<ref name="pmid12211045"/> In an [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] individual, perhaps years or decades after a chickenpox infection, the virus may break out of nerve cell bodies and travel down nerve [[axon]]s to cause viral infection of the skin in the region of the nerve. The virus may spread from one or more ganglia along nerves of an affected [[Segmentation (biology)|segment]] and infect the corresponding [[Dermatomic area|dermatome]] (an area of skin supplied by one spinal nerve) causing a painful rash.<ref name="pmid1666443">{{cite journal |author=Peterslund NA |title=Herpesvirus infection: an overview of the clinical manifestations |journal=Scand J Infect Dis Suppl |volume=80 |issue= |pages=15–20 |year=1991 |pmid=1666443 |doi= |issn= }}</ref><ref name="pmid14583142"/> Although the rash usually heals within two to four weeks, some sufferers experience residual nerve pain for months or years, a condition called [[postherpetic neuralgia]]. Exactly how the virus remains latent in the body, and subsequently re-activates is not understood.<ref name="pmid12676845"/>


The band's catalogue consists of nine consecutive debuts in the top ten of the [[Billboard 200]],<ref name="billboard-album-peaks">{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=121196&model.vnuAlbumId=828526|title=Artist Chart History|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Billboard]]}}</ref> including a compilation album, ''[[Greatest Hits, Volume 1 (Korn album)|Greatest Hits Vol.1]]'', and their [[Untitled Korn album|untitled eighth album]], released on July 31, 2007. To date, Korn has sold over 30 million albums worldwide, including 16.5 in the U.S.,<ref name="riaa">{{Cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=tblTopArt&action=|title=Top Selling Artists|accessdate=2007-11-04|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]}}</ref> whilst earning six [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] nominations—two of which they have won.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wm11.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:gxfpxqegld0e~T52|title=GRAMMY Awards|accessdate=2007-12-06|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]}}</ref>
Throughout the world the [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence rate]] of herpes zoster every year ranges from 1.2 to 3.4 cases per 1,000 healthy individuals, increasing to 3.9–11.8 per year per 1,000 individuals among those older than 65 years.<ref name=pmid17143845/><ref name="pmid7618983"/><ref name="pmid17939895"/> [[Antiviral drug]] treatment can reduce the severity and duration of herpes zoster, if a seven to ten day course of these drugs is started within 72 hours of the appearance of the characteristic rash.<ref name="pmid17143845"/><ref name="pmid18241179">{{cite journal |author=Cunningham AL, Breuer J, Dwyer DE, Gronow DW, Helme RD, Litt JC, Levin MJ, Macintyre CR |title=The prevention and management of herpes zoster |journal=Med. J. Aust. |volume=188 |issue=3 |pages=171–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18241179 |doi=}}</ref>


==History==
==Signs and symptoms==
===Formation, ''Neidermeyer's Mind'' demo, ''Korn'' (1993–1995)===
The earliest symptoms of herpes zoster, which include [[headache]], [[fever]], and [[malaise]], are nonspecific, and may result in an incorrect diagnosis.<ref name="pmid11458545">{{cite journal| author=Zamula E| title=Shingles: An Unwelcome Encore| journal=FDA Consum| volume=35| issue=3| pages=21–5| year=2001| pmid=11458545| url=http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/301_pox.html|accessdate=2007-12-15}} Revised June 2005.</ref><ref name="pmid17143845">{{cite journal
Korn formed after the group [[L.A.P.D. (band)|L.A.P.D.]] folded, due to singer Richard Morrill's drug addiction. Musicians [[Reginald Arvizu]], [[James Shaffer]], and [[David Silveria]] wanted to continue, and recruited guitarist [[Brian Welch]] and vocalist Corey Cinque and started a new band called Creep. Corey was soon dropped due to the band being dissatisfied with him.
| author=Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J ''et al.''| title=Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster| journal=Clin. Infect. Dis| volume=44 Suppl 1| pages=S1–26| year=2007| pmid=17143845| doi=10.1086/510206| url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/510206}}</ref> These symptoms are commonly followed by sensations of burning pain, itching, [[hyperesthesia]], or [[paresthesia]] (sensitivity to heat, cold, light or touch).<ref name="pmid10794584">{{cite journal| author=Stankus SJ, Dlugopolski M, Packer D| title=Management of herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia| journal=Am Fam Physician| volume=61| issue=8| pages=2437–44, 2447–8| year=2000| pmid=10794584|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html}}</ref> The pain may be extreme in the affected dermatome, with sensations that are often described as stinging, tingling, aching, numbing or throbbing, and can be interspersed with quick stabs of agonizing pain.<ref name="pmid15307000">{{cite journal |author=Katz J, Cooper EM, Walther RR, Sweeney EW, Dworkin RH |title=Acute pain in herpes zoster and its impact on health-related quality of life |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=342–8 |year=2004 |pmid=15307000 |doi=10.1086/421942| url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/421942}}</ref>
In most cases, after 1&ndash;2 days (but sometimes as long as 3 weeks) the initial phase is followed by the appearance of the characteristic skin rash. The pain and rash most commonly occurs on the torso, but can appear on the face, eyes or other parts of the body. At first, the rash appears similar to the first appearance of [[hives]]; however, unlike hives, herpes zoster causes skin changes limited to a [[Dermatomic area|dermatome]], normally resulting in a stripe or belt-like pattern that is limited to one side of the body and does not cross the midline.<ref name="pmid10794584"/> <!-- Do not delete anchor, links from Bell\s Palsy -->{{Anchor|Zoster sine herpete}} ''Zoster sine herpete'' describes a patient who has all of the symptoms of herpes zoster except this characteristic rash.<ref name="pmid10980741">{{cite journal |author=Furuta Y, Ohtani F, Mesuda Y, Fukuda S, Inuyama Y |title=Early diagnosis of zoster sine herpete and antiviral therapy for the treatment of facial palsy |journal=Neurology |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=708–10 |year=2000 |pmid=10980741}}</ref>


In early 1993, the band took notice of vocalist [[Jonathan Davis]] after seeing his band [[Sexart]] and attempted to get him to join Creep. Davis initially did not want to join the band, but after consulting a psychic he decided to audition and then joined the band.<ref name="Who Then Now?">As mentioned by Jonathan Davis himself in interview in DVD ''[[Who Then Now?]]''</ref> The band soon changed their name to Korn (After Jonathan was recruited, they decided to get a new name. Jonathan suggested Korn as just a brainstorm, but everyone else liked it. So Jonathan got a Crayola crayon and wrote their logo in a child's handwriting, with a "K" instead of "C" and a backwards upper-case "R").
Later, the rash becomes [[Vesicle_(dermatology)|vesicular]], forming small [[blister]]s filled with a serous exudate, as the fever and general malaise continue. The painful vesicles eventually become cloudy or darkened as they fill with blood, crust over within seven to ten days, and usually the crusts fall off and the skin heals: but sometimes after severe blistering, scarring and discolored skin remain.<ref name="pmid10794584"/>


In April that year, the band began a working relationship with producer [[Ross Robinson]], which led to their first demo tape entitled ''Neidermeyer's Mind''. The band had problems getting signed during its first year, due to the 1990s rock scene, which was primarily [[Grunge music|grunge]]. After many attempts at a record deal, Paul Pontius from Immortal/Epic Records heard the band in a nightclub and was so impressed, he signed them on the spot.<ref>Liner notes for ''Greatest Hits Vol. 1''</ref> With a producer and a label, Korn started work on their [[Korn (album)|self-titled debut album]].
{| align="center"
|+ '''Development of the shingles rash'''
! Day 1 !! Day 2 !! Day 5 !! Day 6
|-valign="top"
| [[Image:ShinglesDay1.JPG|143px]]
| [[Image:ShinglesDay2 ed.JPG|120px]]
| [[Image:ShinglesDay5 ed.JPG|145px]]
| [[Image:ShinglesDay6 ed.JPG|149px]]
|}


Musically, the album was a mix of [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[alternative rock]], [[hip hop]], and [[funk]] the latter elements encompassed in the rhythmic approach to the band's compositions. "[[Blind (Korn song)|Blind]]" was the first single from the album, which got a decent amount of airplay and attention. Once ''Korn'' saw a release on October 11, 1994, the band toured incessantly with no support from radio or video stations. They relied solely on their intense live shows, which created a large [[cult following|cultlike]] following of dedicated fans.<ref name="amg-korn" /> It was through the effort of this fanbase that helped push ''Korn'' onto the [[Billboard 200]], eventually peaking at #72 in 1996,<ref name="billboard-album-peaks">{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=121196&model.vnuAlbumId=828526|title=Artist Chart History|accessdate=2007-09-02|publisher=[[Billboard]]}}</ref> with "Shoots and Ladders" being their first [[Grammy Award|Grammy]] nomination for Best Metal Performance.<ref name="grammy-metal">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/metal.htm|title=Grammy Awards: Best Metal Performance|accessdate=2007-09-03|publisher=[[Rock on the Net]]}}</ref>
Herpes zoster may have additional symptoms, depending on the [[dermatome]] involved. ''Herpes zoster [[ophthalmic nerve|ophthalmicus]]'' involves the [[Orbit (anatomy)|orbit of the eye]] and occurs in approximately 10–25% of cases. It is caused by the virus reactivating in the [[ophthalmic division]] of the [[trigeminal nerve]]. In a few patients, symptoms may include [[conjunctivitis]], [[keratitis]], [[uveitis]], and [[optic nerve]] [[palsy|palsies]] that can sometimes cause chronic ocular inflammation, loss of vision, and debilitating pain.<ref name="pmid12449270">{{cite journal| author=Shaikh S, Ta CN| title=Evaluation and management of herpes zoster ophthalmicus| journal=Am Fam Physician| date=2002| volume=66| issue=9| pages=1723–1730| pmid=12449270| url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20021101/1723.html}}</ref> ''Herpes zoster oticus'', also known as [[Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II]], involves the [[ear]]. It is thought to result from the virus spreading from the [[facial nerve]] to the [[vestibulocochlear nerve]]. Symptoms include [[hearing loss]] and [[Vertigo (medical)|vertigo]] (rotational dizziness).<ref name="pmid12676845"/>


On their first large tour, Korn opened for [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]] alongside [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]]. Other bands for which Korn opened in 1995 included [[Megadeth]], [[311 (band)|311]], [[Fear Factory]], [[Flotsam and Jetsam (band)|Flotsam and Jetsam]], and [[KMFDM]]. However, the first tour that widely exposed the band was opening for [[Ozzy Osbourne]] alongside the [[Deftones]]. After opening for lesser-known bands such as Dimestore Hoods, [[Sugar Ray]] (at the time), and [[Life of Agony]], Korn returned to the studio to record a second album.
==Diagnosis==
[[Image:Herpes zoster chest.png|right|thumb|250px|Herpes zoster on the chest]]
If the rash has appeared, identifying this disease (making a [[differential diagnosis]]) only requires a visual examination, since very few diseases produce a rash in a [[dermatomic area|dermatomal pattern (see map)]]. However, [[herpes simplex virus]] (HSV) can occasionally produce a rash in such a pattern. The [[Tzanck test|Tsanck smear]] is helpful for diagnosing acute infection with a herpes virus, but does not distinguish between HSV and VZV.<ref name="pmid2842739">{{cite journal | author = Oranje AP, Folkers E | title = The Tzanck smear: old, but still of inestimable value | journal = Pediatr Dermatol | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 127–9 | year = 1988 | pmid = 2842739 | doi = 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1988.tb01154.x}}</ref>


===''Life Is Peachy'' (1996–1997)===
When the rash is absent (early or late in the disease, or in the case of zoster sine herpete), herpes zoster can be difficult to diagnose.<ref name="pmid15334402">{{cite journal| author=Chan J, Bergstrom RT, Lanza DC, Oas JG| title=Lateral sinus thrombosis associated with zoster sine herpete| journal=Am J Otolaryngol| volume=25| issue=5| pages=357–60| year=2004| pmid=15334402| doi=10.1016/j.amjoto.2004.03.007}}</ref> Apart from the rash, most symptoms can occur also in other conditions.
Korn teamed up with Robinson once again for their second album, ''[[Life Is Peachy]]'', released on October 15, 1996. Musically, it was similar to the first album, but also showed more of a funk influence on tracks like "[[Porno Creep]]" and "Swallow". The album included two [[cover song|covers]], [[War (band)|War]]'s "[[Low Rider (song)|Low Rider]]", with Davis' bagpipes and Head on vocals, and [[Ice Cube (rapper)|Ice Cube]]'s "[[Wicked (song)|Wicked]]", with guest vocalist [[Chino Moreno]] of Deftones.


To help promote their new album, Korn opened for [[Metallica]], along with utilizing the [[Internet]]. ''Life Is Peachy'' sold more than 106,000 copies in its first week and reached #3 on the Billboard 200.<ref name="billboard-album-peaks" /> The first single, "[[No Place to Hide (song)|No Place to Hide]]", spawned a Grammy nomination for Best Metal Performance.<ref name="grammy-metal">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/metal.htm|title=Grammy Awards: Best Metal Performance|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Rock on the Net]]}}</ref> "[[A.D.I.D.A.S.]]" was the second single and only music video, which also did well.
[[Medical test|Laboratory test]]s are available to diagnose herpes zoster. The most popular test detects VZV-specific [[IgM]] [[antibody]] in blood; this only appears during chickenpox or herpes zoster and not while the virus is dormant.<ref name="pmid8809466">{{cite journal| author=Arvin AM| title=Varicella-zoster virus| journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–81| year=1996| pmid=8809466| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=PDF}}</ref> In larger laboratories, [[lymph]] collected from a blister is tested by the [[polymerase chain reaction]] for VZV DNA, or examined with an [[electron microscope]] for virus particles.<ref name="pmid9515761">{{cite journal|author=Beards G, Graham C, Pillay D| title=Investigation of vesicular rashes for HSV and VZV by PCR| journal=J. Med. Virol| volume=54| issue=3| pages=155–7| year=1998| pmid=9515761|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199803)54:3<155::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-4}}</ref>


The band gained more popularity after co-headlining the [[Lollapalooza]] music festival in 1997 with [[Tool (band)|Tool]]. However, Korn was forced to drop off the bill after Munky was diagnosed with [[Meningitis#Viral meningitis|viral meningitis]].<ref name="lollapalooza-illness">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431015/19970801/korn.jhtml|title=KoRn Off Lolla Due To Guitarist's Illness|date=1997-08-01|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> Also that year, Korn augmented their growing crossover appeal by collaborating with Los Angeles-based production and remix duo the [[Dust Brothers]] on the track "Kick the P.A.". This track appeared on the motion picture soundtrack of the film ''[[Spawn (film)|Spawn]]''.
In a recent study, samples of lesions on the skin, eyes, and lung from 182 patients with presumed herpes simplex or herpes zoster were tested with [[real-time PCR]] or with [[viral culture]].<ref name="pmid15072752">{{cite journal | author = Stránská R, Schuurman R, de Vos M, van Loon AM. | title = Routine use of a highly automated and internally controlled real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections | journal = J Clin Virol. | volume=30 | issue=1| pages=39–44 | year=2003 | pmid=15072752 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2003.08.006}}</ref> In this comparison, viral culture detected VZV with only a 14.3% [[sensitivity]], although the test was highly specific ([[specificity]]=100%). By comparison, real-time PCR resulted in 100% sensitivity and specificity. Overall testing for herpes simplex and herpes zoster using PCR showed a 60.4% improvement over viral culture.


In late 1997, Korn formed their own record label, [[Elementree Records]]. The first signing was [[Videodrone]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452269/20020212/adema.jhtml|title=Adema Prep New Songs, Mourn Loss Of Rage Against The Machine|date=2002-02-13|accessdate=2007-12-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> whose singer, Ty Elam, is credited for giving Jonathan Davis singing lessons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1430953/20000125/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Frontman Shoots Videodrone Clip; Family Values CD/Video On Way|date=2000-01-25|accessdate=2007-12-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> [[Orgy (band)|Orgy]], however, released their [[Candyass|debut album]] prior to Videodrone's, giving Elementree its first [[RIAA certification|Platinum]] certification.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1432944/20001017/orgy.jhtml|title=Orgy Celebrate New LP In Rock 'N' Roll Style|date=2000-10-17|accessdate=2007-12-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> Orgy's guitarist, [[Ryan Shuck]], is known for playing alongside Davis and Elam in the band Sexart. Over the next few years, Korn signed other acts like rapper [[Marz (rapper)|Marz]] and [[Deadsy]].
==Pathophysiology==
[[Image:A Course of Shingles diagram.png|right|Progression of herpes zoster. A cluster of small bumps (1) turns into blisters (2). The blisters fill with [[lymph]], break open (3), crust over (4), and finally disappear. [[Postherpetic neuralgia]] can sometimes occur due to nerve damage (5),|thumb|250px]]


===''Follow the Leader'', mainstream success (1998–1999)===
The causative agent for herpes zoster is [[varicella zoster virus]] (VZV), a double-stranded [[DNA virus]] related to the [[Herpes simplex virus]] group. Most people are infected with this virus as children, and suffer from an episode of chickenpox. The immune system eventually eliminates the virus from most locations, but it remains dormant (or [[viral latency|latent]]) in the [[ganglion|ganglia]] adjacent to the spinal cord (called the dorsal root ganglion) or the ganglion semilunare (ganglion Gasseri) in the base of the skull.<ref name="pmid17945155">{{cite journal|author=Steiner I, Kennedy PG, Pachner AR|title=The neurotropic herpes viruses: herpes simplex and varicella-zoster|journal=Lancet Neurol|volume=6|issue=11|pages=1015–28|year=2007|pmid=17945155|doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70267-3}}</ref> However, repeated attacks of herpes zoster are rare,<ref name=pmid10794584/> and it is extremely rare for patients to suffer more than three recurrences.<ref name=pmid17945155/>
Prior to the release of the band's third album, Korn produced a weekly online TV show, KornTV,<ref name="korn-tv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431011/19980302/korn.jhtml|title=Korn To Do It Themselves On "Korn TV"|date=1998-03-02|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> which documented the making of the record and featured special guests such as [[porn star]] [[Ron Jeremy]], [[Limp Bizkit]], and 311. The project also gave fans the chance to call in and ask the band questions, an approach that represented one of the first times a band utilized the Internet in such a way. Korn released their third album, ''[[Follow the Leader (Korn album)|Follow the Leader]]'', on August 18, 1998, which featured a number of guest vocalists such as [[Ice Cube]], [[Tre Hardson]] from the [[Pharcyde]], [[Fred Durst]] of Limp Bizkit and actor [[Cheech Marin]] on the hidden track "Earache My Eye" (written by Marin himself).


Korn launched a political campaign-style tour to promote the release of ''Follow the Leader''.<ref name="kampaign">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1430999/19980817/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Kicks Off Kampaign '98 In Los Angeles|date=1998-08-17|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> The tour took the group, on a chartered jet, all over North America to help promote ''Follow the Leader''. They talked to fans and answered questions during special "fan conferences", which were organized at every stop along the tour route, and signed autographs. Jim Rose hosted the entire "Kampaign" tour.
Herpes zoster occurs only in people who have had chickenpox, and although it can occur at any age, the majority of sufferers are more than 50 years old.<ref name="pmid18021864">{{cite journal| author=Weinberg JM| title=Herpes zoster: epidemiology, natural history, and common complications| journal=J Am Acad Dermatol| volume=57| issue=6 Suppl| pages=S130–5| year=2007| pmid=18021864| doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.046}}</ref> The disease results from the virus reactivating in a single sensory ganglion.<ref name="pmid14583142">{{cite journal| author=Gilden DH, Cohrs RJ, Mahalingam R| title=Clinical and molecular pathogenesis of varicella virus infection| journal=Viral Immunol| volume=16| issue=3| pages=243–58| year=2003| pmid=14583142| doi=10.1089/088282403322396073}}</ref> In contrast to [[Herpes simplex virus]], the latency of VZV is poorly understood. The virus has not been recovered from human nerve cells by [[cell culture]] and the location and structure of the viral [[DNA]] is not known. Virus-specific proteins continue to be made by the infected cells during the latent period, so true latency, as opposed to a [[chronic (medical)|chronic]] low-level [[infectious disease|infection]], has not been proven.<ref name="pmid12211045">{{cite journal |author=Kennedy PG |title=Varicella-zoster virus latency in human ganglia |journal=Rev. Med. Virol. |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=327–34 |year=2002 |pmid=12211045 |doi=10.1002/rmv.362}}</ref><ref name="pmid12491156">{{cite journal| author=Kennedy PG| title=Key issues in varicella-zoster virus latency| journal=J. Neurovirol| volume=8 Suppl 2| pages=80–4| year=2002| pmid=12491156| doi=10.1080/13550280290101058}}</ref> Although VZV has been detected in autopsies of nervous tissue,<ref name="pmid12707850">{{cite journal| author=Mitchell BM, Bloom DC, Cohrs RJ, Gilden DH, Kennedy PG| title=Herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella-zoster virus latency in ganglia| journal=J. Neurovirol| volume=9| issue=2| pages=194–204| year=2003| pmid=12707850| doi=10.1080/13550280390194000| url=http://www.jneurovirol.com/o_pdf/9(2)/194-204.pdf| format=PDF| doi_brokendate=2008-06-25}}</ref> there are no methods to find dormant virus in the ganglia in living people.


The album was a complete success, debuting at #1 on Billboard with 268,000 copies sold,<ref name="ftl-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1430996/19980826/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Tops Album Heap In Chart Debut|date=1998-08-26|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> and spawning the singles "[[Got the Life]]" and "[[Freak on a Leash]]". They both exposed Korn to a wider, mainstream audience, with the music videos being mainstays on [[MTV]]'s ''[[Total Request Live]]''. "Got the Life" was the show's very first "retired" video, with "Freak on a Leash" reaching that same success months later.<ref name="trl-retirement">{{Cite web|url=http://www.atrl.net/trlarchive/?s=halloffame|title=Hall of Fame|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=The TRL Archive}}</ref> The singles also fared well on Billboard, with "Freak on a Leash" peaking in the top 10 of both [[Mainstream Rock Tracks|Mainstream Rock]] and [[Modern Rock Tracks|Modern Rock]], the latter of which it spent 27 weeks on—more than any other Korn single to date.<ref name="billboard-single-peaks">{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Singles&model.vnuArtistId=121196&model.vnuAlbumId=828526|title=Artist Chart History|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Billboard]]}}</ref>
Unless the [[immune system]] is compromised, it suppresses reactivation of the virus and prevents herpes zoster. Why this suppression sometimes fails is poorly understood,<ref name="pmid7618983">{{cite journal| author=Donahue JG, Choo PW, Manson JE, Platt R| title=The incidence of herpes zoster| journal=Arch. Intern. Med| volume=155| issue=15| pages=1605–9| year=1995| pmid=7618983| doi=10.1001/archinte.155.15.1605}}</ref> but herpes zoster is more likely to occur in people whose immune system is impaired due to aging, [[immunosuppressive therapy]], [[psychological stress]], or other factors.<ref name="pmid14720565">{{cite journal| author=Thomas SL, Hall AJ| title=What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster?| journal=Lancet Infect Dis| volume=4| issue=1| pages=26–33| year=2004| doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00857-0| pmid=14720565}}</ref> Upon reactivation, the virus replicates in the nerve cells, and [[virion]]s are shed from the cells and carried down the [[axon]]s to the area of skin served by that ganglion. In the skin, the virus causes local [[inflammation]] and blisters. The short and long-term pain caused by herpes zoster comes from the widespread growth of the virus in the infected nerves, which causes inflammation.<ref name="pmid17631237">{{cite journal |author=Schmader K |title=Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults |journal=Clin. Geriatr. Med. |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=615–32, vii–viii |year=2007 |pmid=17631237 |doi=10.1016/j.cger.2007.03.003 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749-0690(07)00021-3}}</ref>


"Freak on a Leash" won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form, and received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/grammys.htm|title= 42th Grammy Awards - 2000|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Rock on the Net]]}}</ref> The video also earned nine [[MTV Video Music Awards]] nominations for Video of the Year, Best Rock Video, Breakthrough Video, Best Direction, Best Special Effects, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, and Viewer's Choice.<ref name="vma-1999">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1999/mtvvmas.htm|title=1999 MTV Video Music Awards|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Rock on the Net]]}}</ref> It eventually won two, for Best Rock Video and Best Editing. ''Follow the Leader'' is the band's most commercially-successful album, being certified 5x Platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] and having sold almost ten million copies worldwide.
The symptoms of herpes zoster cannot be transmitted to another person.<ref name="pmid10825029">{{cite journal| author=Schmader K| title=Herpes zoster in the elderly: issues related to geriatrics| journal=Clin. Infect. Dis| volume=28| issue=4| pages=736–9| year=1999| pmid=10825029| doi=10.1086/515205}}</ref> However, during the blister phase, direct contact with the rash can spread VZV to a person who has no immunity to the virus. This newly-infected individual may then develop chickenpox, but they will not immediately develop shingles. Until the rash has developed crusts, a person is extremely contagious. A person is also not infectious before blisters appear, or during postherpetic neuralgia (pain after the rash is gone). The person is no longer contagious after the virus has disappeared.<ref name="pmid10794584"/>


The same year ''Follow the Leader'' was released, Korn started their own annual tour called the [[Family Values Tour]]. Korn headlined the highly-successful tour along with [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]], Orgy, Limp Bizkit, Ice Cube, and [[Rammstein]]. A live CD and DVD were released and earned Gold and Platinum certifications, respectively. In 1999, Limp Bizkit headlined, along with [[Primus (band)|Primus]], [[Staind]], [[The Crystal Method]], [[Method Man & Redman]], and [[Filter (band)|Filter]]. Korn were not featured on the bill and instead only made surprise appearances at a few of the stops to perform "falling away from me" from "Issues". The tour took a break in 2000.
==Prognosis==
The rash and pain usually subside within three to five weeks, but about one in five patients develops a painful condition called [[postherpetic neuralgia]], which is often difficult to manage. In some patients, herpes zoster can reactivate presenting as ''zoster sine herpete'': pain radiating along the path of a single spinal nerve (a ''dermatomal distribution''), but without an accompanying [[rash]]. This condition may involve complications that affect several levels of the [[nervous system]] and cause multiple [[brain|cranial]] [[neuropathy|neuropathies]], [[neuritis|polyneuritis]], [[myelitis]], or [[aseptic meningitis]]. Other serious effects that may occur in some cases include partial [[Bell's palsy|facial paralysis]] (usually temporary), ear damage, or [[encephalitis]].<ref name="pmid12676845"/> During pregnancy, first infections with VZV, causing chickenpox, may lead to infection of the fetus and complications in the newborn, but chronic infection or reactivation in shingles are not associated with fetal infection.<ref name="pmid3012334">{{cite journal |author=Paryani SG, Arvin AM |title=Intrauterine infection with varicella-zoster virus after maternal varicella |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=314 |issue=24 |pages=1542–6 |year=1986 |pmid=3012334 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="Enders">{{cite journal |author=Enders G, Miller E, Cradock-Watson J, Bolley I, Ridehalgh M |title=Consequences of varicella and herpes zoster in pregnancy: prospective study of 1739 cases |journal=Lancet |volume=343 |issue=8912 |pages=1548–51 |year=1994 |pmid=7802767 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92943-2}}</ref>


===''Issues'' (1999–2001)===
There is a slightly increased risk of developing [[cancer]] after a herpes zoster infection. However, the mechanism is unclear and mortality from cancer did not appear to increase as a direct result of the presence of the virus.<ref name="pmid15328522">{{cite journal |author=Sørensen HT, Olsen JH, Jepsen P, Johnsen SP, Schønheyder HC, Mellemkjaer L |title=The risk and prognosis of cancer after hospitalisation for herpes zoster: a population-based follow-up study |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=91 |issue=7 |pages=1275–9 |year=2004 |pmid=15328522 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6602120}}</ref> Instead, the increased risk may result from the immune suppression that allows the reactivation of the virus.<ref name="pmid6979711">{{cite journal |author=Ragozzino MW, Melton LJ, Kurland LT, Chu CP, Perry HO |title=Risk of cancer after herpes zoster: a population-based study |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=307 |issue=7 |pages=393–7 |year=1982 |pmid=6979711}}</ref>
The band's fourth album, ''[[Issues (album)|Issues]]'', produced by [[Brendan O'Brien y hoe r u (music producer)|Brendan O'Brien]], was released on November 16, 1999, featuring cover art designed by Alfredo Carlos, who won a contest held for the fans by MTV.<ref name="korn-cover-contest">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1430971/19990917/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Asks Fans To Design Next Album Cover|date=1999-09-17|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> ''Issues'' was released during a week of many highly-anticipated records. It debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 with more than 573,000 copies sold,<ref name="issues-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1428109/19991124/dion_celine.jhtml|title=Korn Tops Dre, Celine, Will Smith On Album Chart|date=1999-11-24|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> keeping [[Dr. Dre]]'s long-awaited album ''[[2001 (album)|2001]]'' and Celine Dion's [[All the Way… A Decade of Song|greatest hits album]] from hitting #1.


To celebrate the album's release, the band performed the record in its entirety in front of a live audience at [[New York]]'s historic [[Apollo Theater]] and broadcast the concert simultaneously across many radio stations.<ref name="issues-apollo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1430961/19991116/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Fills Apollo With New Sounds, Rabid Fans, And V.I.P.s|date=1999-11-16|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> This performance made Korn the first rock band, and only the second predominantly white musical group, to ever perform at The Apollo, after the legendary [[Buddy Holly]] in the late 1950s. This special event featured the [[NYPD]] marching drum and bagpipe band conducted by [[Richard Gibbs]] as well as a group of back-up singers to enhance the more melodic choruses Davis used on the album.
==Treatment==
The aims of treatment are to limit the severity and duration of pain, shorten the duration of a shingles episode, and reduce complications. Symptomatic treatment is often needed for the complication of postherpetic neuralgia.<ref name="pmid18021865">{{cite journal |journal= J Am Acad Dermatol |date=2007 |volume=57 |issue= 6 Suppl |pages=S136–42 |title= Management of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia |author= Tyring SK |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2007.09.016 |pmid=18021865}}</ref>


Earlier that year, Korn had appeared on an episode of [[South Park]], titled [[Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery]], in which the first single from ''Issues'', "[[Falling Away from Me]]", was premiered.<ref name="issues-south-park">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1430968/19991011/korn.jhtml|title=Korn To Premiere New Track During "South Park" Special|date=1999-10-11|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> Korn released two more singles from ''Issues'', "[[Make Me Bad]]" and "[[Somebody Someone]]", both of which fared well on Billboard. Videos were shot for all three singles, with longtime friend Fred Durst directing "Falling Away from Me", and Martin Weisz directing a concept video for "Make Me Bad", as well as a performance video for "Somebody Someone", which featured the use of [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] effects. Every video was a staple on ''Total Request Live'', two of which made it to retirement.<ref name="trl-retirement" /> ''Issues'' is considered by some critics to be less hip hop-influenced and closer to alternative metal than nu metal.<ref name="amg-issues">{{Cite web|url=http://wc08.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:gxfrxqrkld6e|title=''Issues'' review|accessdate=2007-01-25|publisher=[[All Media Guide]]}}</ref> It was certified 3x Platinum, following up the success of ''Follow the Leader''.
[[Antiviral drugs]] inhibit VZV replication and reduce the severity and duration of herpes zoster with minimal side effects, but do not reliably prevent postherpetic neuralgia. Of these drugs, [[aciclovir]] has been the standard treatment, but the new drugs [[valaciclovir]] and [[famciclovir]] demonstrate similar or superior efficacy and good safety and tolerability.<ref name="pmid18021865"/> The drugs are used both as [[prophylaxis]] (for example in [[AIDS]] patients) and as therapy during the [[Acute (medical)|acute phase]]. Antiviral treatment is recommended for all immunocompetent individuals with herpes zoster over 50 years old, preferably given within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash.<ref name="PMID17939892">{{cite journal | author = Breuer J, Whitley R | title = Varicella zoster virus: natural history and current therapies of varicella and herpes zoster | journal = Herpes | volume = 14 | issue = Supplement 2 | pages =25–9. | year = 2007 | pmid = 17939892 | url =http://www.ihmf.org/journal/download/2%20-%20Herpes%2014.2%20suppl%20Breuer.pdf}}</ref> Complications in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] individuals with herpes zoster may be reduced with [[intravenous]] [[aciclovir]]. In people who are at a high risk for repeated attacks of shingles, five daily oral doses of aciclovir are usually effective.<ref name="pmid12676845">{{cite journal| journal=BMJ| date=2003| volume=326| issue=7392| pages=748| doi=10.1136/bmj.326.7392.748| author=Johnson, RW & Dworkin, RH| title=Clinical review: Treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia | pmid=12676845 | url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/326/7392/748}}</ref> Administering [[gabapentin]] along with antivirals may offer relief of postherpetic neuralgia.<ref name="pmid18021865"/>


===''Untouchables'' (2002–2003)===
Patients with mild to moderate pain can be treated with [[over-the-counter]] [[analgesics]]. Topical lotions containing [[calamine]] can be used on the rash or blisters and may be soothing. Occasionally, severe pain may require an opioid medication, such as [[morphine]]. Once the lesions have crusted over, [[capsaicin]] cream (Zostrix) can be used. Topical [[lidocaine]] and nerve blocks may also reduce pain.<ref name="pmid15061819">{{cite journal| author=Baron R| title=Post-herpetic neuralgia case study: optimizing pain control| journal=Eur. J. Neurol| volume=11 Suppl 1| pages=3–11| year=2004| pmid=15061819| doi=10.1111/j.1471-0552.2004.00794.x}}</ref>
On June 11, 2002, after a year and a half of hard work and a long creative process, Korn re-emerged into the media spotlight with their fifth album, ''[[Untouchables (album)|Untouchables]]''. It debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200 with 434,000 in sales.<ref name="untouchables-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1455302/20020619/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Can't Kick Eminem From Top Of Billboard Chart|date=2002-06-19|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> Sales were disappointing in comparison to the first four albums, as ''Untouchables'' has only been certified Platinum once. The band has blamed [[Warez|Internet piracy]] for the drop in sales, as an unmastered version of the album had leaked three months prior to its official release date.<ref name="untouchables-leak">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1453230/20020402/korn.jhtml|title=Shock Jocks Give New Korn LP Premature Premiere, Perturbing Label|date=2002-04-02|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref>


The release of this album was preceded by a show at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York, a day prior to the album's release, broadcast digitally throughout U.S. movie theatres.<ref name="untouchables-hammerstein">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1455110/20020611/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Whip Out Maggots, Flames, Crucifix-Emblazoned Dress At NY Concert|date=2002-06-11|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> ''Untouchables'' featured electronic beats, strings and various guitar effects the band had never used in an album before. The overall feel was drastically different from previous efforts, particularly tracks like "[[Alone I Break]]," "Hating," and "Hollow Life," which singer Jonathan Davis claims is one of his favorite Korn songs to this day.
Orally administered [[glucocorticoid|corticosteroids]] are frequently used in treatment of the infection, despite clinical trials of this treatment being unconvincing. Nevertheless, one trial studying [[immunocompetent]] patients older than 50 years of age with localized herpes zoster, suggested that administration of [[prednisone]] with aciclovir improved healing time and quality of life.<ref name="pmid8702088">{{cite journal |author=Whitley RJ, Weiss H, Gnann JW, Tyring S, Mertz GJ, Pappas PG, Schleupner CJ, Hayden F, Wolf J, Soong SJ |title=Acyclovir with and without prednisone for the treatment of herpes zoster. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=125 |issue=5 |pages=376–83 |year=1996 |pmid=8702088}}</ref> Upon one-month evaluation, aciclovir with prednisone increased the likelihood of crusting and healing of lesions by about two-fold, when compared to placebo. This trial also evaluated the effects of this drug combination on quality of life at one month, showing that patients had less pain, and were more likely to stop the use of [[analgesic]] agents, return to usual activities and have uninterrupted sleep. However, when comparing cessation of herpes zoster-associated pain or post herpetic neuralgia, there was no difference between aciclovir plus prednisone, or simply aciclovir alone. Because of the risks of corticosteroid treatment, it is recommended that this combination of drugs only be used in people more than 50 years of age, due to their greater risk of postherpetic neuralgia.<ref name="pmid8702088"/>


The first two videos from ''Untouchables'' were directed by the [[Hughes Brothers]] (best known for their films, ''[[Menace II Society]]'' and ''[[From Hell]]''). The first video, "[[Here to Stay (Korn song)|Here to Stay]]," has the band playing inside a TV with a static background along with controversial news stories and world issues being presented. The song itself earned Korn a Grammy for Best Metal Performance,<ref name="grammy-metal" /> and would become their highest-peaking single on Billboard's Modern Rock chart.<ref name="billboard-single-peaks" /> The second video, "[[Thoughtless]]", was a nod back to Davis' childhood as the character in the video (previously featured in the first [[Coca-Cola Vanilla#Marketing campaign|Vanilla Coke commercial]]) is [[Bullying#School bullying|picked on]] and constantly beaten. The third video for ''Untouchables'', "Alone I Break," was directed by Sean Dack, who won the honor of directing the video through an MTV contest.
Treatment for herpes zoster ophthalmicus is similar to standard treatment for herpes zoster at other sites. A recent trial comparing aciclovir with its prodrug, [[valaciclovir]], demonstrated similar efficacies in treating this form of the disease.<ref name="pmid10919899">{{cite journal| author=Colin J, Prisant O, Cochener B, Lescale O, Rolland B, Hoang-Xuan T| title=Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Valaciclovir and Acyclovir for the Treatment of Herpes zoster Ophthalmicus| journal=Ophthalmology | volume=107 Number 8| pages=1507–11| year=2000| pmid=10919899| doi=10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00222-0}}</ref> The significant advantage of valciclovir over aciclovir is its dosing of only 3 times/day (compared with acyclovir's 5 times/day dosing), which could make it more convenient for patients and improve [[adherence]] with therapy.<ref name="pmid16079372">{{cite journal| author=Osterberg L, Blaschke T| title=Adherence to medication| journal=N Engl J Med | volume=353 Number 5| pages=487–97| year=2005| pmid=16079372| doi=10.1056/NEJMra050100}}</ref>


Prior to their next album, Korn released a new single, "[[Did My Time]]" on July 22, 2003,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1472484/20030610/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Do 'Time' For Lara Croft|date=2003-06-11|accessdate=2007-11-30|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> which was used to promote the film and appeared on the soundtrack to ''[[Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life]]''. [[Angelina Jolie]] appeared in the [[Dave Meyers]]-directed video. "Did My Time" also gave Korn yet another Grammy nomination in the Best Metal Performance category.<ref name="grammy-metal" />
==Prevention==
A live [[vaccine]] for VZV exists, marketed as [[Zostavax]]. In a 2005 study of 38,000 older adults it prevented half the cases of herpes zoster and reduced the number of cases of postherpetic neuralgia by two-thirds.<ref name="pmid=15930418">{{cite journal |author= Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, Schmader KE, Straus SE, Gelb LD ''et al.'' |title= A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults |journal= N Engl J Med |volume=253 |issue=22 |year=2005 |pages=2271–84 |pmid=15930418 |doi= 10.1056/NEJMoa051016}}</ref> A 2007 study found that the zoster vaccine is likely to be cost-effective in the U.S., projecting an annual savings of $82 to $103 million in healthcare costs with cost-effectiveness ratios ranging from $16,229 to $27,609 per [[quality-adjusted life year]] gained.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Vaccine |date=2007 |volume=25 |issue=49 |pages=8326–37 |title= Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness in the United States of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults |author= Pellissier JM, Brisson M, Levin MJ |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.066 |pmid=17980938}}</ref> In October 2007 the vaccine was officially recommended in the U.S. for healthy adults aged 60 and over.<ref name="pmid17947396">{{cite journal |journal= Ann Intern Med |date=2007 |volume=147 |issue=10 |pages=725–9 |title= Recommended adult immunization schedule: United States, October 2007–September 2008 |author= Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices |pmid=17947396 |url=http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/147/10/725}}</ref> As of October 2008, a controlled study is underway to evaluate the effectiveness on those aged 50-59. Adults also receive an immune boost from contact with children infected with [[varicella]], a boosting method that prevents about a quarter of herpes zoster cases among unvaccinated adults, but which is becoming less common in the U.S. now that children are routinely vaccinated against varicella.<ref name="pmid12057605">{{cite journal |author= Brisson M, Gay N, Edmunds W, Andrews N |title= Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes-zoster: implications for mass vaccination against chickenpox |journal=Vaccine |volume=20 |issue=19–20 |pages=2500–7 |year=2002 |doi=10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00180-9 |pmid=12057605}}</ref><ref name="pmid18241179"/>


===''Take a Look in the Mirror'', ''Greatest Hits'', Head's departure (2003–2005)===
In the [[United Kingdom]] and other parts of Europe, population-based immunization is not practiced. The rationale is that until the entire population could be immunized, adults who have previously contracted VZV would derive benefit from occasional exposure to VZV (from children), which serves as a booster to their immunity to the virus and may reduce the risk of shingles later on in life.<ref>{{cite web |author=NHS Direct|authorlink=NHS Direct|url=http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=1032 |title=Why isn’t the chickenpox vaccine available in the UK?|accessdate=2008-03-22 |date=2008-02-07}}</ref> The UK [[Health Protection Agency]] states that while the vaccine is licensed in the UK there are no plans to introduce it into the routine childhood immunization scheme, although it may be offered to healthcare workers who have no immunity to VZV.<ref>{{cite web |author=Health Protection Agency|authorlink=Health Protection Agency|url=http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/chickenpox/gen_info.htm | title=Chickenpox / Varicella - General Information |date=2006-05-11|accessdate=2008-03-22}}</ref>
''[[Take a Look in the Mirror]]'', was released on November 21, 2003,<ref name="mirror-early-release">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1480466/20031117/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Releasing Take A Look In The Mirror Early Due To Leak|date=2003-11-17|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> four days earlier than originally planned. Korn produced the album themselves, and released "[[Right Now (Korn song)|Right Now]]", "[[Y'All Want a Single]]", and "[[Everything I've Known]]" as singles. "Right Now" and "Everything I've Known" had [[animation|animated]] music videos, whereas "Y'All Want a Single" featured Korn and a large group of fans destroying a record store. The album was an attempt by the band to return to its roots with a more raw and heavier sound. The album peaked at #9 on Billboard, selling over 179,000 copies in its first full week.<ref name="mirror-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1480914/20031203/jay_z.jhtml|title=Jay-Z's Farewell Album Hasn't Said Goodbye To The #1 Slot|date=2003-12-03|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref>


Korn released their greatest hits album, ''[[Greatest Hits, Volume 1 (Korn album)|Greatest Hits Vol.1]]'', on October 5, 2004. The album debuted at #4 on Billboard, selling more than 129,000 copies.<ref name="greatest-hits-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1492244/20041013/strait_george.jhtml|title=George Strait Tops Usher In Billboard Albums Chart Recount|date=2004-10-13|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> It featured two cover songs as singles, and a compilation of the band's hits from the past 10 years. The first single was a cover of the song "[[Word Up! (song)|Word Up!]]", which was originally made popular by the group [[Cameo (band)|Cameo]]. The second single was a medley of all three parts of [[Pink Floyd]]'s "[[Another Brick in the Wall]]". A remix of their hit single "[[Freak on a Leash]]" was also included as a bonus track. Special editions of the album included a DVD titled ''Korn: Live at [[CBGB]]'' featuring seven select songs from their November 24, 2003 show at CBGB.
A 2006 study of 243 cases and 483 matched controls found that fresh fruit is associated with a reduced risk of developing shingles: people who consumed less than one serving of fruit a day had three times the risk as those who consumed over three servings, after adjusting for other factors such as total energy intake. For those aged 60 or more, vitamins and vegetable intake had a similar association.<ref name="pmid16330478">{{cite journal |author=Thomas SL, Wheeler JG, Hall AJ |title=Micronutrient intake and the risk of herpes zoster: a case-control study |journal=Int J Epidemiol |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=307–14 |year=2006 |pmid=16330478 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyi270 |url=http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/35/2/307}}</ref>


Prior to Korn starting work on their next album, [[Brian Welch|Brian "Head" Welch]] announced that he had "...chosen the Lord [[Jesus Christ]] as his savior, and will be dedicating his musical pursuits to that end,"<ref name="head-a">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1497313/20050222/korn.jhtml|title=Brian 'Head' Welch Leaves Korn, Citing Moral Objections To Band's Music|date=2005-02-22|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> and was formally leaving Korn. Initial speculations that this was a [[hoax]] or practical joke were proven wrong; he has become highly spiritual, even being [[baptism|baptized]] in the [[Jordan River]] and speaking openly about his faith and conversion. This was the band's first official line-up change in their history.
==Epidemiology==
Varicella zoster virus has a high level of [[infectivity]] and is prevalent worldwide,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Tawatsupha P, Thongphubeth K, Apisarnthanarak P, Mundy LM |title=Outbreak of varicella-zoster virus infection among Thai healthcare workers |journal=Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=430–4 |year=2007 |pmid=17385149 |doi=10.1086/512639}}</ref> and has a very stable prevalence from generation to generation.<ref name="pmid11289797">{{cite journal |author=Abendroth A, Arvin AM |title=Immune evasion as a pathogenic mechanism of varicella zoster virus |journal=Semin. Immunol. |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=27–39 |year=2001 |pmid=11289797 |doi=10.1006/smim.2001.0293}}</ref> VZV is a benign disease in a healthy child in developed countries. However, varicella can be lethal to individuals who are infected later in life or who have low immunity. The number of people in this high-risk group has increased, due to the HIV epidemic and the increase in immunosuppressive therapies. Infections of varicella in institutions such as hospitals are also a significant problem, especially in hospitals that care for these high-risk populations.<ref name="Weller">{{cite book|author=Weller TH|title=Varicella-herpes zoster virus. In: Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control. Evans AS, Kaslow RA, eds.|publisher=Plenum Press|date=1997|pages=865-892|isbn=978-0306448553}}</ref>


===''See You on the Other Side'', EMI/Virgin (2005–2006)===
In general, herpes zoster has no seasonal incidence and does not occur in epidemics.<ref name=pmid14720565/> In [[temperate zone]]s chickenpox is a disease of children, with most cases occurring during the winter and spring, most likely due to school contact; there is no evidence for regular epidemics. In the tropics chickenpox typically occurs among older people.<ref name="pmid8856352">{{cite journal |journal= Infect Dis Clin North Am |date=1996 |volume=10 |issue= 3 |pages=571–81 |title= The epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infections |author= Wharton M |pmid=8856352 |doi= 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70313-5}}</ref> Incidence is highest in people who are over age 55, as well as in [[Immunosuppression|immunocompromised]] patients regardless of age group, and in individuals undergoing [[Stress (medicine)|psychological stress]]. Non-whites may be at lower risk; it is unclear whether the risk is increased in females. Other potential risk factors include [[Physical trauma|mechanical trauma]], genetic susceptibility, and exposure to [[immunotoxin]]s.<ref name=pmid14720565/>
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Img korn.jpg|thumb|right|Offical Korn Picture from their 2005 album See You On The Other Side.]] -->
Upon completing their record deal with [[Sony BMG|Sony]], Korn partnered with [[EMI]] and signed to [[Virgin Records]]. As part of this innovative arrangement, Virgin paid Korn $25 million upfront in exchange for a share in the profits of their next two studio albums, including tours and merchandising. Virgin also received a 30 percent stake in the band's licensing, ticket sales and other revenue sources.


The band's first album for Virgin, ''[[See You on the Other Side]]'', was released on December 6, 2005, and debuted on #3 on the Billboard 200, scanning close to 221,000 copies.<ref name="other-side-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1518100/20051214/eminem.jhtml|title=Eminem Scores Fourth #1 Bow With Curtain Call|date=2005-12-14|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> The album managed to stay in the top 100 of the Billboard 200 for 34 consecutive weeks. The first single from the album, "[[Twisted Transistor]]", was accompanied by a comedic video directed by [[Dave Meyers]] in which rap stars [[Xzibit]], [[Lil' Jon]], [[Snoop Dogg]], and [[David Banner]] portray Korn. The single itself peaked at #3 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, Korn's highest entry thus far, and #9 on Modern Rock.<ref name="billboard-single-peaks" /> The second single, "[[Coming Undone]]", had its performance-based video directed by [[Little X]], who previously helmed only [[hip hop]] and [[Rhythm and Blues|R&B]] videos. ''See You on the Other Side'' is certified Platinum, and has sold over two million copies worldwide.
The incidence rate of herpes zoster ranges from 1.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 person-years among healthy individuals, increasing to 3.9–11.8 per 1,000 person‐years among those older than 65 years.<ref name=pmid17143845/> Similar incidence rates have been observed worldwide.<ref name="pmid17939895">{{cite journal| author=Araújo LQ, Macintyre CR, Vujacich C| title=Epidemiology and burden of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in Australia, Asia and South America| journal=Herpes| volume=14| issue=Suppl 2| pages=40A–4A| year=2007| pmid=17939895| url=http://www.ihmf.org/journal/download/5%20-%20Herpes%2014.2%20suppl%20Araujo.pdf| format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="pmid17143845"/> Herpes zoster develops in an estimated 500,000 Americans each year.<ref name="pmid16050886">{{cite journal |author=Insinga RP |title=The incidence of herpes zoster in a United States administrative database |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=748–753 |year=2005 |pmid=16050886 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0150.x |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16050886 }}</ref> Multiple studies and surveillance data demonstrate no consistent trends in incidence in the U.S. since the chickenpox vaccination program began in 1995.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= MMWR Recomm Rep |date=2007 |volume=56 |issue=RR-4 |pages=1–40 |title= Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) |author= Marin M, Güris D, Chaves SS, Schmid S, Seward JF |pmid=17585291 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm}}</ref> It is likely that incidence rate will change in the future, due to the aging of the population, changes in therapy for malignant and autoimmune diseases, and changes in chickenpox vaccination rates; a wide adoption of zoster vaccination could dramatically reduce the incidence rate.<ref name=pmid17143845/>


Korn held a press conference at the [[Hollywood Forever Cemetery]] on January 13, 2006, announcing the ''See You on the Other Side'' Tour.<ref name="other-side-tour">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1520757/20060113/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Announce Tour Dates While Surrounded By Dead Celebrities|date=2006-01-13|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> [[10 Years]] and [[Mudvayne]] were selected to open all dates of the trek, which kicked off in their hometown of Bakersfield, on what Mayor Harvey Hall officially declared as "Korn Day", February 26.<ref name="korn-day">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1524956/20060227/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Rock Hometown, Have Street Named After Them On 'Official Korn Day'|date=2006-02-27|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> The resurrection of their Family Values Tour was announced on April 18, 2006, which featured co-headliners [[Deftones]], [[Stone Sour]], [[Flyleaf]], and [[Dir en grey]] on the main stage.<ref name="fvt-2006">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528963/20060418/korn.jhtml|title=Korn Resurrect Family Values Tour With Deftones, Stone Sour|date=2006-04-18|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> Korn and [[Evanescence]] co-headlined the 2007 edition, with [[Atreyu (band)|Atreyu]], 2006 alumni Flyleaf, [[Hellyeah]], and [[Trivium (band)|Trivium]] rounding out the main stage.<ref name="fvt-2007">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1555661/20070326/korn.jhtml|title=Korn, Evanescence, Hellyeah Top Family Values Tour Bill|date=2007-03-26|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref>
In one study, it was estimated that 26% of patients who contract herpes zoster eventually present with complications. Postherpetic neuralgia arises in approximately 20% of patients.<ref name="pmid17939894">{{cite journal |author= Volpi A |title= Severe complications of herpes zoster |journal=Herpes |volume=14 |issue= Suppl 2 |pages=35A–9A |year=2007 |pmid=17939894 |url=http://www.ihmf.org/journal/download/4%20-%20Herpes%2014.2%20suppl%20Volpi.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> A study of 1994 California data found hospitalization rates of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years, rising to 9.3 per 100,000 person-years for ages 60 and up.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J |date=2001 |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=641–5 |title= Incidence and hospitalization rates of varicella and herpes zoster before varicella vaccine introduction: a baseline assessment of the shifting epidemiology of varicella disease |author= Coplan P, Black S, Rojas C |pmid=11465834}}</ref> An earlier Connecticut study found a higher hospitalization rate; the difference may be due to the prevalence of [[HIV]] in the earlier study, or to the introduction of antivirals in California before 1994.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Am Osteopath Assoc |date=2007 |volume=107 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=S2–7 |title= The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States |author= Weaver BA |pmid=17488884 |url=http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/content/full/107/suppl_1/S2}}</ref>


While promoting ''See You on the Other Side'' in Europe, Jonathan Davis was diagnosed with [[idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]], a blood platelet disorder that hospitalized him for the weekend and prevented him from performing at the renowned [[Download Festival]].<ref name="jd-illness-a">{{Cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=53521|title=KORN Frontman To Sit Out U.K.'s DOWNLOAD Festival, Guest Singers To Step In|date=2006-06-10|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Blabbermouth]]}}</ref> The band still performed, with guest singers including [[Corey Taylor]] of [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]]/[[Stone Sour]] fame, [[Skindred]]'s Benji Webbe, and [[Avenged Sevenfold]]'s [[M. Shadows]]. This led to Korn canceling the rest of their European bill for 2006,<ref name="jd-illness-b">{{Cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=53619|title=KORN: European Tour Officially Cancelled|date=2006-06-13|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Blabbermouth]]}}</ref> including the [[Hellfest Summer Open Air]]. It was originally unknown to the public what his ailment was, but the singer revealed in a letter to fans that he was "dangerously low on blood platelets and at a high risk of death from a hemorrhage if the problem was not treated".<ref name="jd-illness-c">{{Cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=53594|title=KORN Frontman JONATHAN DAVIS: 'I Should Be Healthy To Play In A Few Weeks'|date=2006-06-12|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Blabbermouth]]}}</ref> His illness did not affect the 2006 Family Values Tour.
A 2008 study revealed that people with close relatives who have had shingles are themselves twice as likely to develop it themselves. The study speculates that there are genetic factors in who is more susceptible to VZV.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hicks LD, Cook-Norris RH, Mendoza N, Madkan V, Arora A, Tyring SK |title=Family history as a risk factor for herpes zoster: a case-control study |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume=144 |issue=5 |pages=603–8 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18490586 |doi=10.1001/archderm.144.5.603}}</ref>


===Untitled album, ''MTV Unplugged'', David Silveria's departure (2006–2008)===
[[Image:Varicella (Chickenpox) Virus PHIL 1878 lores.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Electron microscope|Electron micrograph]] of [[Varicella zoster virus]]. Approx. 150,000-fold magnification.]]
In early December it was announced that founding drummer David Silveria would be taking an indefinite “hiatus” from the band. Korn then performed at the MTV studios in [[Times Square]] on December 9, 2006, for the [[MTV Unplugged]] series, which was broadcast on February 23, 2007, through MTV.com and on March 2, 2007, across North American, South American, European and Asian MTV stations. In front of a crowd of approximately 50 people, Korn played a 14-song [[Acoustic music|acoustic]] set complete with guest appearances by [[The Cure]] and [[Amy Lee]] of Evanescence. The performance was eventually cut down to 11 songs for the album, two of which did not air on MTV. Sales of nearly 51,000 brought ''[[MTV Unplugged: Korn]]'' to #9 in its first week out.<ref name="unplugged-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1554573/20070314/notorious_big.jhtml|title=Notorious B.I.G. Is The Greatest: Hits LP Debuts At #1|date=2007-03-14|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref>


Korn's [[Untitled Korn album|untitled eighth album]] was released on July 31, 2007, debuting at #2 with 123,000 copies in its first week.<ref name="untitled-first-week">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1566617/20070808/common.jhtml|title=Common Creams Korn, Coasts To First Billboard #1|date=2007-08-08|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[MTV]]}}</ref> The album has been certified [[RIAA certification|Gold]] for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kornspace.com/main/comment.php?comment.news.1311|title=Untitled Certified Gold|accessdate=2007-11-01|publisher=Kornspace}}</ref> It also concludes Korn's unique deal with Virgin Records, and features touring keyboardist [[Zac Baird]], giving the tracks a deeper, atmospheric sound.<ref name="untitled-billboard">{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003592846|title=Korn Goes Experimental, Vents Anger On New Album|date=2007-06-01|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Billboard]]}}</ref> Drumming duties were left up to [[Terry Bozzio]], Jonathan Davis, and [[Bad Religion]]'s [[Brooks Wackerman]], as well as [[Joey Jordison]] from Slipknot (who played for the band on live shows) as David Silveria went on a hiatus.<ref name="untitled-bozzio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=65008|title=KORN Is 'Having A Lot Of Fun' Working With Drummer TERRY BOZZIO|date=2007-01-09|accessdate=2007-10-03|publisher=[[Blabbermouth]]}}</ref> "[[Evolution (Korn song)|Evolution]]", "[[Hold On (Korn song)|Hold On]]" and "[[Kiss (Korn song)|Kiss]]" have been released as singles, with the former two charting on Billboard's [[Mainstream Rock Tracks]] at #4 and #9, respectively.<ref name="billboard-single-peaks" />
==History==


===Recent events and ninth studio album (2008–present)===
Herpes zoster has a long recorded history, although historical accounts fail to distinguish the blistering caused by VZV and those caused by [[smallpox]],<ref name="pmid18021864"/> [[ergotism]], and [[erysipelas]]. It was only in the late eighteenth century that [[William Heberden]] established a way to differentiate between herpes zoster and smallpox,<ref name="Weller">{{cite book|author=Weller TH|date=2000|title=Chapter 1. Historical perspective in: Varicella-Zoster Virus: Virology and Clinical Management (Arvin AM & Gershon AA, editors)|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521660246}}</ref> and only in the late nineteenth century that herpes zoster was differentiated from [[erysipelas]]. The first indications that chickenpox and herpes zoster were caused by the same virus were noticed at the beginning of the 20th century. Physicians began to report that cases of herpes zoster were often followed by chickenpox in the younger people who lived with the shingles patients. The idea of an association between the two diseases gained strength when it was shown that lymph from a sufferer of herpes zoster could induce chickenpox in young volunteers. This was finally proved by the first isolation of the virus in [[cell cultures]], by the Nobel laureate [[Thomas H. Weller]] in 1953.<ref name="pmid13064265">{{cite journal |author=Weller TH |title=Serial propagation in vitro of agents producing inclusion bodies derived from varicella and herpes zoster |journal=Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=340–6 |year=1953 |pmid=13064265}}</ref>
Korn was nominated, along with 31 other artists, for the Best of 2007 by [[Fuse TV|Fuse]] in November 2007. They ended up making it to the final round, but lost to [[30 Seconds to Mars]] by roughly 200,000 votes.


[[Ubisoft]] reported in October that "Korn has written and recorded an original song inspired by Ubisoft's upcoming [[Haze (video game)|Haze video game]]", simply entitled "[[Haze (song)|Haze]]",<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=29838|title=Korn To Release Original Song For Ubisoft's Haze Video Game|accessdate=2007-10-22|publisher=Games Press}}</ref> which was released on April 22, 2008. As a first in the video game industry, "Haze" will be released and promoted as a full-fledged single and music video, not just as an exclusive download with the video game.
Until the 1940s, the disease was considered benign, and that serious complications were thought to be very rare.<ref name="Holt1936">{{cite book|author=Holt LE & McIntosh R|title=Holt's Diseases of Infancy and Childhood|date=1936|publisher=D Appleton Century Company|pages=931–3}}</ref> However, by 1942, it was recognized that herpes zoster was a more serious disease in adults than in children and that it increased in frequency with advancing age. Further studies during the 1950s on immunosuppressed individuals showed that the disease was not as benign as once thought, and the search for various therapeutic and preventive measures began.<ref name="Weller"/> By the mid-1960s, several studies identified the gradual reduction in cellular immunity in old age, observing that in a cohort of 1,000 people who lived to the age of 85, approximately 500 would have one attack of herpes zoster and 10 would have two attacks.<ref name="pmid14267505">{{cite journal|author=Hope-Simpson RE|date=1965|title=The nature of herpes zoster; a long-term study and a new hypothesis|journal=Proc R Soc Med| volume=58| pages=9–20| pmid=14267505| url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1898279}}</ref>


In 2008 The band played in [[Dubai]] for the annual [[Dubai Desert Rock Festival]].


Korn performed their second leg of the [[Bitch We Have a Problem Tour]] in Australia, with drummer [[Ray Luzier]] of [[David Lee Roth]] and [[Army of Anyone]] fame,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mi.edu/SucessDetail/346.aspx|title=Ray Luzier Joins Korn|accessdate=2007-11-11}}</ref> which was preceded by a [[South America|Latin American]] and European run, plus festival dates in the [[United Arab Emirates]] and South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kornspace.com/main/comment.php?comment.news.1417|title=Korn to Play in United Arab Emirates.}}</ref> Munky left the Bitch We Have A Problem Tour shortly after the beginning the European leg began due to his father becoming ill. Despite rumors that he was leaving the band, Shane Gibson has stated on Kornspace.com that his [Munky's] father had fallen ill and that Munky was not leaving the band, but [[Munky]] returned to the tour in [[Milan]] on February 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kornspace.com/main/comment.php?comment.news.1605|title=Munky to Return to Euro Bitch We Have a Problem Tour}}</ref> This has been confirmed also as a video of Munky playing "Falling Away From Me" surfaced on Kornspace on Feb. 24th, filmed the night before. Due to Munky's return, Rob Patterson is no longer touring with Korn.


In an interview, Fieldy stated that Korn would be recording a new album sometime this year (2008), and that it would be a return to their heavy roots. He stated in the same interview that he would also be releasing a solo album of funk and jazz fusion pieces, as well as releasing his own book.<ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x4j0nk_korn-bassist-fieldy-talks-about-bri_news Video Korn Bassist Fieldy Talks About Brian "Head" Welch new book - korn, bassist, fieldy, talks, book - Dailymotion Share Your Videos<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Footnotes==
The recording of the 9th album should take place sometime in 2009, with a Winter 2009 album release, Ray Luzier will take over drumming duties unless David Silveria comes out of his hiatus.
{{Reflist|2}}


Korn released a new live DVD, ''[[Korn: Live in Montreux 2004]]'', one of their performances with former guitarist Brian Welch on May 12, 2008. Additionally, a second greatest hits compilation titled, "[[Playlist: The Very Best of Korn]]" was released on April 29, 2008.
==External links==
* [http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/shingles/shingles.htm NINDS Shingles Information Page], [[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]]
* {{dmoz|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Infectious_Diseases/Viral/Herpes/Herpes_Zoster/}}
* [http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/shingles.html Links to pictures of Shingles (Hardin MD)] [[University of Iowa]]
* [http://www.aftershingles.com/index.html After Shingles—Information about Shingles and Post-Herpetic Neuralgia,] from the Visiting Nurses Associations of America
* [http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/cornealdisease/index.asp#f Facts About The Cornea and Corneal Disease: Herpes Zoster (Shingles)], [[National Eye Institute]]


Jonathan Davis has stated at some concerts with the AIP tour and in some interviews, the interest of having Brian "Head" Welch back in the band, at a concert in Europe he told the audience "I miss that motherfucker and one day he will be back people". In an interview with Head, he said that he's "not ready to come back," while acknowledging that it's a possibility.<ref>[http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=99646 BLABBERMOUTH.NET - KORN Singer Working On Solo Album; Ex-Guitarist Not Ready To Come Back<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Korn recently contributed to the album ''[[Nightmare Revisited]]'' with a cover of the song, "Kidnap the Sandy Claws".

==Musical style and influences==
{{expand|section|date=September 2008}}
Although Korn has sometimes been considered to be a part of the [[alternative metal]] and [[nu metal]] genres, they do not consider themselves to be a part of these genres. Jonathan Davis is quoted as saying:
<blockquote>
"We've spawned a lot of clones, but let me explain... Well, I hate the nu metal term. We have always just been a band that rocks. We didn't like when people called us a metal band, we are just Korn. People just use these terms when they cannot describe something, but nu metal... when so many bands started making music that sounded like us, that is when nu metal was born. We don't have anything to do with it for real, I feel. I wouldn't wanna call [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] a funk band, and we are not metal or nu metal, we are Korn. Nu metal is just a term that doesn't mean anything."{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
</blockquote>

==Discography==
{{main|Korn discography}}

===Studio albums===
*''[[Korn (album)|Korn]]'' (1994)
*''[[Life Is Peachy]]'' (1996)
*''[[Follow the Leader (Korn album)|Follow the Leader]]'' (1998)
*''[[Issues (album)|Issues]]'' (1999)
*''[[Untouchables (album)|Untouchables]]'' (2002)
*''[[Take a Look in the Mirror]]'' (2003)
*''[[See You on the Other Side]]'' (2005)
*''[[Untitled Korn album|Untitled]]'' (2007)
*''[[Korn 9th Studio Album]]'' (2009 TBA)

==Band members==
{{main|List of Korn band members}}
;Current
*[[Jonathan Davis]] – [[singer|vocals]], [[guitar]], [[bagpipes]], [[Drum kit|drums]] <small>(1993–present)</small>
*[[James Shaffer|James "Munky" Shaffer]] – [[guitar]] <small>(1993–present)</small>
*[[Reginald Arvizu|Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu]] – [[bass guitar|bass]] <small>(1993–present)</small>
;Former
*[[David Silveria]] – [[Drummer|drums]] <small>(1993–2006)</small>
*[[Brian Welch|Brian "Head" Welch]] – [[guitar]], [[backing vocalist|backing vocals]] <small>(1993–2005)</small>


===Backup band===
The backup band only plays live shows with Korn. None of the members of the backup band are considered official members of Korn. For most of 2005, they wore animal masks based on the ''[[See You on the Other Side]]'' artwork and black uniforms to help better distinguish them as the backup band. Throughout 2007, the members have performed unmasked but occasionally had their faces painted black and white with unique designs. Since the beginning of 2008, the back-up band plays without face paint, and with their ordinary clothes on instead of the black uniforms they had earlier.

;Current
* [[Kalen Chase]] – [[backing vocalist|backing vocals]], [[percussion]] <small> (2006–present)</small>
* [[Zac Baird]] – [[keyboard instrument|keyboards]]<small> (2006–present)</small>
* [[Shane Gibson (musician)|Shane Gibson]] – [[guitar]] <small>(2007–present)</small>
* [[Ray Luzier]] – [[drum kit|drums]]<small> (2007–present)</small>

;Former
* [[Rob Patterson]] – guitar <small>(2005–2007, 2008)</small> </br>
* [[Clint Lowery]] – guitar <small>(2007)</small> </br>
* [[Joey Jordison]] – drums <small>(2007)</small> </br>
* [[Michael Jochum]] – percussion <small>(2006–2007)</small> </br>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Korn}}
*[http://www.korn.com/ Official website]
*[http://www.korn.com/site.php?content=korn_music_club Korn Music Club (Official fan club)]
*{{myspace|Korn}}
*[http://www.last.fm/music/Korn Korn at] [[Last.fm]]
*[http://www.ilike.com/artist/Korn/ Korn at] [[ilike]]


{{-}}
{{Korn}}
{{Viral diseases}}
{{Varicella zoster}}


[[Category:Infectious skin diseases]]
[[Category:Korn]]
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[[Category:American nu metal musical groups]]
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[[Category:American alternative metal musical groups]]
[[Category:Nu metal musical groups]]
[[Category:Alternative metal musical groups]]
[[Category:California heavy metal musical groups]]
[[Category:American rock music groups]]
[[Category:California musical groups]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1993]]
[[Category:1990s music groups]]
[[Category:2000s music groups]]


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Revision as of 21:29, 12 October 2008

For other uses, see Korn (disambiguation).
Korn

Korn, occasionally typeset as KoЯn or KoRn, is an American nu metal band from Bakersfield, California, and is often credited with popularizing the nu metal genre. Along with other bands at the time, they have also inspired many nu metal and alternative metal bands throughout the mid 1990s and early 2000s.[1]

The band's catalogue consists of nine consecutive debuts in the top ten of the Billboard 200,[2] including a compilation album, Greatest Hits Vol.1, and their untitled eighth album, released on July 31, 2007. To date, Korn has sold over 30 million albums worldwide, including 16.5 in the U.S.,[3] whilst earning six Grammy nominations—two of which they have won.[4]

History

Formation, Neidermeyer's Mind demo, Korn (1993–1995)

Korn formed after the group L.A.P.D. folded, due to singer Richard Morrill's drug addiction. Musicians Reginald Arvizu, James Shaffer, and David Silveria wanted to continue, and recruited guitarist Brian Welch and vocalist Corey Cinque and started a new band called Creep. Corey was soon dropped due to the band being dissatisfied with him.

In early 1993, the band took notice of vocalist Jonathan Davis after seeing his band Sexart and attempted to get him to join Creep. Davis initially did not want to join the band, but after consulting a psychic he decided to audition and then joined the band.[5] The band soon changed their name to Korn (After Jonathan was recruited, they decided to get a new name. Jonathan suggested Korn as just a brainstorm, but everyone else liked it. So Jonathan got a Crayola crayon and wrote their logo in a child's handwriting, with a "K" instead of "C" and a backwards upper-case "R").

In April that year, the band began a working relationship with producer Ross Robinson, which led to their first demo tape entitled Neidermeyer's Mind. The band had problems getting signed during its first year, due to the 1990s rock scene, which was primarily grunge. After many attempts at a record deal, Paul Pontius from Immortal/Epic Records heard the band in a nightclub and was so impressed, he signed them on the spot.[6] With a producer and a label, Korn started work on their self-titled debut album.

Musically, the album was a mix of heavy metal, alternative rock, hip hop, and funk the latter elements encompassed in the rhythmic approach to the band's compositions. "Blind" was the first single from the album, which got a decent amount of airplay and attention. Once Korn saw a release on October 11, 1994, the band toured incessantly with no support from radio or video stations. They relied solely on their intense live shows, which created a large cultlike following of dedicated fans.[1] It was through the effort of this fanbase that helped push Korn onto the Billboard 200, eventually peaking at #72 in 1996,[2] with "Shoots and Ladders" being their first Grammy nomination for Best Metal Performance.[7]

On their first large tour, Korn opened for Danzig alongside Marilyn Manson. Other bands for which Korn opened in 1995 included Megadeth, 311, Fear Factory, Flotsam and Jetsam, and KMFDM. However, the first tour that widely exposed the band was opening for Ozzy Osbourne alongside the Deftones. After opening for lesser-known bands such as Dimestore Hoods, Sugar Ray (at the time), and Life of Agony, Korn returned to the studio to record a second album.

Life Is Peachy (1996–1997)

Korn teamed up with Robinson once again for their second album, Life Is Peachy, released on October 15, 1996. Musically, it was similar to the first album, but also showed more of a funk influence on tracks like "Porno Creep" and "Swallow". The album included two covers, War's "Low Rider", with Davis' bagpipes and Head on vocals, and Ice Cube's "Wicked", with guest vocalist Chino Moreno of Deftones.

To help promote their new album, Korn opened for Metallica, along with utilizing the Internet. Life Is Peachy sold more than 106,000 copies in its first week and reached #3 on the Billboard 200.[2] The first single, "No Place to Hide", spawned a Grammy nomination for Best Metal Performance.[7] "A.D.I.D.A.S." was the second single and only music video, which also did well.

The band gained more popularity after co-headlining the Lollapalooza music festival in 1997 with Tool. However, Korn was forced to drop off the bill after Munky was diagnosed with viral meningitis.[8] Also that year, Korn augmented their growing crossover appeal by collaborating with Los Angeles-based production and remix duo the Dust Brothers on the track "Kick the P.A.". This track appeared on the motion picture soundtrack of the film Spawn.

In late 1997, Korn formed their own record label, Elementree Records. The first signing was Videodrone,[9] whose singer, Ty Elam, is credited for giving Jonathan Davis singing lessons.[10] Orgy, however, released their debut album prior to Videodrone's, giving Elementree its first Platinum certification.[11] Orgy's guitarist, Ryan Shuck, is known for playing alongside Davis and Elam in the band Sexart. Over the next few years, Korn signed other acts like rapper Marz and Deadsy.

Follow the Leader, mainstream success (1998–1999)

Prior to the release of the band's third album, Korn produced a weekly online TV show, KornTV,[12] which documented the making of the record and featured special guests such as porn star Ron Jeremy, Limp Bizkit, and 311. The project also gave fans the chance to call in and ask the band questions, an approach that represented one of the first times a band utilized the Internet in such a way. Korn released their third album, Follow the Leader, on August 18, 1998, which featured a number of guest vocalists such as Ice Cube, Tre Hardson from the Pharcyde, Fred Durst of Limp Bizkit and actor Cheech Marin on the hidden track "Earache My Eye" (written by Marin himself).

Korn launched a political campaign-style tour to promote the release of Follow the Leader.[13] The tour took the group, on a chartered jet, all over North America to help promote Follow the Leader. They talked to fans and answered questions during special "fan conferences", which were organized at every stop along the tour route, and signed autographs. Jim Rose hosted the entire "Kampaign" tour.

The album was a complete success, debuting at #1 on Billboard with 268,000 copies sold,[14] and spawning the singles "Got the Life" and "Freak on a Leash". They both exposed Korn to a wider, mainstream audience, with the music videos being mainstays on MTV's Total Request Live. "Got the Life" was the show's very first "retired" video, with "Freak on a Leash" reaching that same success months later.[15] The singles also fared well on Billboard, with "Freak on a Leash" peaking in the top 10 of both Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock, the latter of which it spent 27 weeks on—more than any other Korn single to date.[16]

"Freak on a Leash" won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form, and received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance.[17] The video also earned nine MTV Video Music Awards nominations for Video of the Year, Best Rock Video, Breakthrough Video, Best Direction, Best Special Effects, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, and Viewer's Choice.[18] It eventually won two, for Best Rock Video and Best Editing. Follow the Leader is the band's most commercially-successful album, being certified 5x Platinum by the RIAA and having sold almost ten million copies worldwide.

The same year Follow the Leader was released, Korn started their own annual tour called the Family Values Tour. Korn headlined the highly-successful tour along with Incubus, Orgy, Limp Bizkit, Ice Cube, and Rammstein. A live CD and DVD were released and earned Gold and Platinum certifications, respectively. In 1999, Limp Bizkit headlined, along with Primus, Staind, The Crystal Method, Method Man & Redman, and Filter. Korn were not featured on the bill and instead only made surprise appearances at a few of the stops to perform "falling away from me" from "Issues". The tour took a break in 2000.

Issues (1999–2001)

The band's fourth album, Issues, produced by Brendan O'Brien, was released on November 16, 1999, featuring cover art designed by Alfredo Carlos, who won a contest held for the fans by MTV.[19] Issues was released during a week of many highly-anticipated records. It debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 with more than 573,000 copies sold,[20] keeping Dr. Dre's long-awaited album 2001 and Celine Dion's greatest hits album from hitting #1.

To celebrate the album's release, the band performed the record in its entirety in front of a live audience at New York's historic Apollo Theater and broadcast the concert simultaneously across many radio stations.[21] This performance made Korn the first rock band, and only the second predominantly white musical group, to ever perform at The Apollo, after the legendary Buddy Holly in the late 1950s. This special event featured the NYPD marching drum and bagpipe band conducted by Richard Gibbs as well as a group of back-up singers to enhance the more melodic choruses Davis used on the album.

Earlier that year, Korn had appeared on an episode of South Park, titled Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery, in which the first single from Issues, "Falling Away from Me", was premiered.[22] Korn released two more singles from Issues, "Make Me Bad" and "Somebody Someone", both of which fared well on Billboard. Videos were shot for all three singles, with longtime friend Fred Durst directing "Falling Away from Me", and Martin Weisz directing a concept video for "Make Me Bad", as well as a performance video for "Somebody Someone", which featured the use of CGI effects. Every video was a staple on Total Request Live, two of which made it to retirement.[15] Issues is considered by some critics to be less hip hop-influenced and closer to alternative metal than nu metal.[23] It was certified 3x Platinum, following up the success of Follow the Leader.

Untouchables (2002–2003)

On June 11, 2002, after a year and a half of hard work and a long creative process, Korn re-emerged into the media spotlight with their fifth album, Untouchables. It debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200 with 434,000 in sales.[24] Sales were disappointing in comparison to the first four albums, as Untouchables has only been certified Platinum once. The band has blamed Internet piracy for the drop in sales, as an unmastered version of the album had leaked three months prior to its official release date.[25]

The release of this album was preceded by a show at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York, a day prior to the album's release, broadcast digitally throughout U.S. movie theatres.[26] Untouchables featured electronic beats, strings and various guitar effects the band had never used in an album before. The overall feel was drastically different from previous efforts, particularly tracks like "Alone I Break," "Hating," and "Hollow Life," which singer Jonathan Davis claims is one of his favorite Korn songs to this day.

The first two videos from Untouchables were directed by the Hughes Brothers (best known for their films, Menace II Society and From Hell). The first video, "Here to Stay," has the band playing inside a TV with a static background along with controversial news stories and world issues being presented. The song itself earned Korn a Grammy for Best Metal Performance,[7] and would become their highest-peaking single on Billboard's Modern Rock chart.[16] The second video, "Thoughtless", was a nod back to Davis' childhood as the character in the video (previously featured in the first Vanilla Coke commercial) is picked on and constantly beaten. The third video for Untouchables, "Alone I Break," was directed by Sean Dack, who won the honor of directing the video through an MTV contest.

Prior to their next album, Korn released a new single, "Did My Time" on July 22, 2003,[27] which was used to promote the film and appeared on the soundtrack to Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life. Angelina Jolie appeared in the Dave Meyers-directed video. "Did My Time" also gave Korn yet another Grammy nomination in the Best Metal Performance category.[7]

Take a Look in the Mirror, Greatest Hits, Head's departure (2003–2005)

Take a Look in the Mirror, was released on November 21, 2003,[28] four days earlier than originally planned. Korn produced the album themselves, and released "Right Now", "Y'All Want a Single", and "Everything I've Known" as singles. "Right Now" and "Everything I've Known" had animated music videos, whereas "Y'All Want a Single" featured Korn and a large group of fans destroying a record store. The album was an attempt by the band to return to its roots with a more raw and heavier sound. The album peaked at #9 on Billboard, selling over 179,000 copies in its first full week.[29]

Korn released their greatest hits album, Greatest Hits Vol.1, on October 5, 2004. The album debuted at #4 on Billboard, selling more than 129,000 copies.[30] It featured two cover songs as singles, and a compilation of the band's hits from the past 10 years. The first single was a cover of the song "Word Up!", which was originally made popular by the group Cameo. The second single was a medley of all three parts of Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall". A remix of their hit single "Freak on a Leash" was also included as a bonus track. Special editions of the album included a DVD titled Korn: Live at CBGB featuring seven select songs from their November 24, 2003 show at CBGB.

Prior to Korn starting work on their next album, Brian "Head" Welch announced that he had "...chosen the Lord Jesus Christ as his savior, and will be dedicating his musical pursuits to that end,"[31] and was formally leaving Korn. Initial speculations that this was a hoax or practical joke were proven wrong; he has become highly spiritual, even being baptized in the Jordan River and speaking openly about his faith and conversion. This was the band's first official line-up change in their history.

See You on the Other Side, EMI/Virgin (2005–2006)

Upon completing their record deal with Sony, Korn partnered with EMI and signed to Virgin Records. As part of this innovative arrangement, Virgin paid Korn $25 million upfront in exchange for a share in the profits of their next two studio albums, including tours and merchandising. Virgin also received a 30 percent stake in the band's licensing, ticket sales and other revenue sources.

The band's first album for Virgin, See You on the Other Side, was released on December 6, 2005, and debuted on #3 on the Billboard 200, scanning close to 221,000 copies.[32] The album managed to stay in the top 100 of the Billboard 200 for 34 consecutive weeks. The first single from the album, "Twisted Transistor", was accompanied by a comedic video directed by Dave Meyers in which rap stars Xzibit, Lil' Jon, Snoop Dogg, and David Banner portray Korn. The single itself peaked at #3 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, Korn's highest entry thus far, and #9 on Modern Rock.[16] The second single, "Coming Undone", had its performance-based video directed by Little X, who previously helmed only hip hop and R&B videos. See You on the Other Side is certified Platinum, and has sold over two million copies worldwide.

Korn held a press conference at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery on January 13, 2006, announcing the See You on the Other Side Tour.[33] 10 Years and Mudvayne were selected to open all dates of the trek, which kicked off in their hometown of Bakersfield, on what Mayor Harvey Hall officially declared as "Korn Day", February 26.[34] The resurrection of their Family Values Tour was announced on April 18, 2006, which featured co-headliners Deftones, Stone Sour, Flyleaf, and Dir en grey on the main stage.[35] Korn and Evanescence co-headlined the 2007 edition, with Atreyu, 2006 alumni Flyleaf, Hellyeah, and Trivium rounding out the main stage.[36]

While promoting See You on the Other Side in Europe, Jonathan Davis was diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a blood platelet disorder that hospitalized him for the weekend and prevented him from performing at the renowned Download Festival.[37] The band still performed, with guest singers including Corey Taylor of Slipknot/Stone Sour fame, Skindred's Benji Webbe, and Avenged Sevenfold's M. Shadows. This led to Korn canceling the rest of their European bill for 2006,[38] including the Hellfest Summer Open Air. It was originally unknown to the public what his ailment was, but the singer revealed in a letter to fans that he was "dangerously low on blood platelets and at a high risk of death from a hemorrhage if the problem was not treated".[39] His illness did not affect the 2006 Family Values Tour.

Untitled album, MTV Unplugged, David Silveria's departure (2006–2008)

In early December it was announced that founding drummer David Silveria would be taking an indefinite “hiatus” from the band. Korn then performed at the MTV studios in Times Square on December 9, 2006, for the MTV Unplugged series, which was broadcast on February 23, 2007, through MTV.com and on March 2, 2007, across North American, South American, European and Asian MTV stations. In front of a crowd of approximately 50 people, Korn played a 14-song acoustic set complete with guest appearances by The Cure and Amy Lee of Evanescence. The performance was eventually cut down to 11 songs for the album, two of which did not air on MTV. Sales of nearly 51,000 brought MTV Unplugged: Korn to #9 in its first week out.[40]

Korn's untitled eighth album was released on July 31, 2007, debuting at #2 with 123,000 copies in its first week.[41] The album has been certified Gold for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies.[42] It also concludes Korn's unique deal with Virgin Records, and features touring keyboardist Zac Baird, giving the tracks a deeper, atmospheric sound.[43] Drumming duties were left up to Terry Bozzio, Jonathan Davis, and Bad Religion's Brooks Wackerman, as well as Joey Jordison from Slipknot (who played for the band on live shows) as David Silveria went on a hiatus.[44] "Evolution", "Hold On" and "Kiss" have been released as singles, with the former two charting on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks at #4 and #9, respectively.[16]

Recent events and ninth studio album (2008–present)

Korn was nominated, along with 31 other artists, for the Best of 2007 by Fuse in November 2007. They ended up making it to the final round, but lost to 30 Seconds to Mars by roughly 200,000 votes.

Ubisoft reported in October that "Korn has written and recorded an original song inspired by Ubisoft's upcoming Haze video game", simply entitled "Haze",[45] which was released on April 22, 2008. As a first in the video game industry, "Haze" will be released and promoted as a full-fledged single and music video, not just as an exclusive download with the video game.

In 2008 The band played in Dubai for the annual Dubai Desert Rock Festival.

Korn performed their second leg of the Bitch We Have a Problem Tour in Australia, with drummer Ray Luzier of David Lee Roth and Army of Anyone fame,[46] which was preceded by a Latin American and European run, plus festival dates in the United Arab Emirates and South Africa.[47] Munky left the Bitch We Have A Problem Tour shortly after the beginning the European leg began due to his father becoming ill. Despite rumors that he was leaving the band, Shane Gibson has stated on Kornspace.com that his [Munky's] father had fallen ill and that Munky was not leaving the band, but Munky returned to the tour in Milan on February 23.[48] This has been confirmed also as a video of Munky playing "Falling Away From Me" surfaced on Kornspace on Feb. 24th, filmed the night before. Due to Munky's return, Rob Patterson is no longer touring with Korn.

In an interview, Fieldy stated that Korn would be recording a new album sometime this year (2008), and that it would be a return to their heavy roots. He stated in the same interview that he would also be releasing a solo album of funk and jazz fusion pieces, as well as releasing his own book.[49] The recording of the 9th album should take place sometime in 2009, with a Winter 2009 album release, Ray Luzier will take over drumming duties unless David Silveria comes out of his hiatus.

Korn released a new live DVD, Korn: Live in Montreux 2004, one of their performances with former guitarist Brian Welch on May 12, 2008. Additionally, a second greatest hits compilation titled, "Playlist: The Very Best of Korn" was released on April 29, 2008.

Jonathan Davis has stated at some concerts with the AIP tour and in some interviews, the interest of having Brian "Head" Welch back in the band, at a concert in Europe he told the audience "I miss that motherfucker and one day he will be back people". In an interview with Head, he said that he's "not ready to come back," while acknowledging that it's a possibility.[50]

Korn recently contributed to the album Nightmare Revisited with a cover of the song, "Kidnap the Sandy Claws".

Musical style and influences

Although Korn has sometimes been considered to be a part of the alternative metal and nu metal genres, they do not consider themselves to be a part of these genres. Jonathan Davis is quoted as saying:

"We've spawned a lot of clones, but let me explain... Well, I hate the nu metal term. We have always just been a band that rocks. We didn't like when people called us a metal band, we are just Korn. People just use these terms when they cannot describe something, but nu metal... when so many bands started making music that sounded like us, that is when nu metal was born. We don't have anything to do with it for real, I feel. I wouldn't wanna call Red Hot Chili Peppers a funk band, and we are not metal or nu metal, we are Korn. Nu metal is just a term that doesn't mean anything."[citation needed]

Discography

Main article: Korn discography

Studio albums

Band members

Main article: List of Korn band members
Current
Former


Backup band

The backup band only plays live shows with Korn. None of the members of the backup band are considered official members of Korn. For most of 2005, they wore animal masks based on the See You on the Other Side artwork and black uniforms to help better distinguish them as the backup band. Throughout 2007, the members have performed unmasked but occasionally had their faces painted black and white with unique designs. Since the beginning of 2008, the back-up band plays without face paint, and with their ordinary clothes on instead of the black uniforms they had earlier.

Current
Former

References

  1. ^ a b "Korn review". All Media Guide. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
  2. ^ a b c "Artist Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 2007-10-03. Cite error: The named reference "billboard-album-peaks" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ "Top Selling Artists". RIAA. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
  4. ^ "GRAMMY Awards". All Media Guide. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  5. ^ As mentioned by Jonathan Davis himself in interview in DVD Who Then Now?
  6. ^ Liner notes for Greatest Hits Vol. 1
  7. ^ a b c d "Grammy Awards: Best Metal Performance". Rock on the Net. Retrieved 2007-09-03. Cite error: The named reference "grammy-metal" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ "KoRn Off Lolla Due To Guitarist's Illness". MTV. 1997-08-01. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  9. ^ "Adema Prep New Songs, Mourn Loss Of Rage Against The Machine". MTV. 2002-02-13. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  10. ^ "Korn Frontman Shoots Videodrone Clip; Family Values CD/Video On Way". MTV. 2000-01-25. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  11. ^ "Orgy Celebrate New LP In Rock 'N' Roll Style". MTV. 2000-10-17. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  12. ^ "Korn To Do It Themselves On "Korn TV"". MTV. 1998-03-02. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  13. ^ "Korn Kicks Off Kampaign '98 In Los Angeles". MTV. 1998-08-17. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  14. ^ "Korn Tops Album Heap In Chart Debut". MTV. 1998-08-26. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  15. ^ a b "Hall of Fame". The TRL Archive. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  16. ^ a b c d "Artist Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  17. ^ "42th Grammy Awards - 2000". Rock on the Net. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  18. ^ "1999 MTV Video Music Awards". Rock on the Net. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  19. ^ "Korn Asks Fans To Design Next Album Cover". MTV. 1999-09-17. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  20. ^ "Korn Tops Dre, Celine, Will Smith On Album Chart". MTV. 1999-11-24. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  21. ^ "Korn Fills Apollo With New Sounds, Rabid Fans, And V.I.P.s". MTV. 1999-11-16. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  22. ^ "Korn To Premiere New Track During "South Park" Special". MTV. 1999-10-11. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  23. ^ "Issues review". All Media Guide. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
  24. ^ "Korn Can't Kick Eminem From Top Of Billboard Chart". MTV. 2002-06-19. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  25. ^ "Shock Jocks Give New Korn LP Premature Premiere, Perturbing Label". MTV. 2002-04-02. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  26. ^ "Korn Whip Out Maggots, Flames, Crucifix-Emblazoned Dress At NY Concert". MTV. 2002-06-11. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  27. ^ "Korn Do 'Time' For Lara Croft". MTV. 2003-06-11. Retrieved 2007-11-30.
  28. ^ "Korn Releasing Take A Look In The Mirror Early Due To Leak". MTV. 2003-11-17. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  29. ^ "Jay-Z's Farewell Album Hasn't Said Goodbye To The #1 Slot". MTV. 2003-12-03. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  30. ^ "George Strait Tops Usher In Billboard Albums Chart Recount". MTV. 2004-10-13. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  31. ^ "Brian 'Head' Welch Leaves Korn, Citing Moral Objections To Band's Music". MTV. 2005-02-22. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  32. ^ "Eminem Scores Fourth #1 Bow With Curtain Call". MTV. 2005-12-14. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  33. ^ "Korn Announce Tour Dates While Surrounded By Dead Celebrities". MTV. 2006-01-13. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  34. ^ "Korn Rock Hometown, Have Street Named After Them On 'Official Korn Day'". MTV. 2006-02-27. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  35. ^ "Korn Resurrect Family Values Tour With Deftones, Stone Sour". MTV. 2006-04-18. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  36. ^ "Korn, Evanescence, Hellyeah Top Family Values Tour Bill". MTV. 2007-03-26. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  37. ^ "KORN Frontman To Sit Out U.K.'s DOWNLOAD Festival, Guest Singers To Step In". Blabbermouth. 2006-06-10. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  38. ^ "KORN: European Tour Officially Cancelled". Blabbermouth. 2006-06-13. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  39. ^ "KORN Frontman JONATHAN DAVIS: 'I Should Be Healthy To Play In A Few Weeks'". Blabbermouth. 2006-06-12. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  40. ^ "Notorious B.I.G. Is The Greatest: Hits LP Debuts At #1". MTV. 2007-03-14. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  41. ^ "Common Creams Korn, Coasts To First Billboard #1". MTV. 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  42. ^ "Untitled Certified Gold". Kornspace. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
  43. ^ "Korn Goes Experimental, Vents Anger On New Album". Billboard. 2007-06-01. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  44. ^ "KORN Is 'Having A Lot Of Fun' Working With Drummer TERRY BOZZIO". Blabbermouth. 2007-01-09. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  45. ^ "Korn To Release Original Song For Ubisoft's Haze Video Game". Games Press. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
  46. ^ "Ray Luzier Joins Korn". Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  47. ^ "Korn to Play in United Arab Emirates".
  48. ^ "Munky to Return to Euro Bitch We Have a Problem Tour".
  49. ^ Video Korn Bassist Fieldy Talks About Brian "Head" Welch new book - korn, bassist, fieldy, talks, book - Dailymotion Share Your Videos
  50. ^ BLABBERMOUTH.NET - KORN Singer Working On Solo Album; Ex-Guitarist Not Ready To Come Back

External links

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