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It is listed in Annex I of [[Directive 67/548/EEC]] with the classification ''Harmful'' ('''Xn''')
It is listed in Annex I of [[Directive 67/548/EEC]] with the classification ''Harmful'' ('''Xn''')


Chloralose exerts [[barbiturate]]-like actions on [[synaptic transmission]] in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz | title = The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons | journal = [[Brain Research]] | volume = 191 | issue = 1 | pages = 225–237 | year = 1980 | doi = 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90325-x | pmid = 6247012| s2cid = 21777453 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | author = K. M. Garrett & J. Gan | title = Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose | journal = [[The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]] | volume = 285 | issue = 2 | pages = 680–686 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9580613
Chloralose exerts [[barbiturate]]-like actions on [[synaptic transmission]] in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory [[GABAA receptor|γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors]] (GABA<sub>A</sub>R).<ref>{{Cite journal | author = R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz | title = The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons | journal = [[Brain Research]] | volume = 191 | issue = 1 | pages = 225–237 | year = 1980 | doi = 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90325-x | pmid = 6247012| s2cid = 21777453 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | author = K. M. Garrett & J. Gan | title = Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose | journal = [[The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]] | volume = 285 | issue = 2 | pages = 680–686 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9580613
}}</ref> A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABA<sub>A</sub> modulator and also as a general anesthetic.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison | title = The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations | journal = [[British Journal of Pharmacology]] | volume = 129 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–743 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087 | pmid = 10683198| pmc = 1571881 }}</ref>
}}</ref> A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABA<sub>A</sub>R modulator and also as a general anesthetic.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison | title = The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations | journal = [[British Journal of Pharmacology]] | volume = 129 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–743 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087 | pmid = 10683198| pmc = 1571881 }}</ref>


Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the [[United Kingdom]], protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-26|title=Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-53543989|access-date=2020-07-26}}</ref>
Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the [[United Kingdom]], protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-26|title=Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-53543989|access-date=2020-07-26}}</ref>

Revision as of 08:49, 21 March 2021

Chloralose
Structural formula of α-chloralose
Names
IUPAC name
1,2-O-[2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene]-α-gluco-hexofuranose
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
85418
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.036.363 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 240-016-7
KEGG
MeSH Chloralose
  • 7057995
  • 40467114 (2R,3aR,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 27525 (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 16211632 (1R)-dioxol, (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 186624 (1R)-dioxol, (3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-furo-5-yl
  • 2723807 (2R,3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl
  • 85991
RTECS number
  • FM9450000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C8H11Cl3O6/c9-8(10,11)7-16-5-3(14)4(2(13)1-12)15-6(5)17-7/h2-7,12-14H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5-,6-,7-/m1/s1 checkY
    Key: OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-IPQSZEQASA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C8H11Cl3O6/c9-8(10,11)7-16-5-3(14)4(2(13)1-12)15-6(5)17-7/h2-7,12-14H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5-,6-,7-/m1/s1
    Key: OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-IPQSZEQABF
  • C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](O1)O[C@@H](O2)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O)O)O
Properties
C8H11Cl3O6
Molar mass 309.52 g·mol−1
Melting point 176 to 182 °C (349 to 360 °F; 449 to 455 K)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Harmful if swallowed

Harmful if inhaled

GHS labelling:
GHS06: ToxicGHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H301, H332, H336, H410
P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Chloral hydrate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Chloralose (also known as α-chloralose) is an avicide, and a rodenticide used to kill mice in temperatures below 15 °C. It is also widely used in neuroscience and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and sedative.[1] Either alone or in combination, such as with urethane, it is used for long-lasting, but light anesthesia.[2]

Chemically, it is a chlorinated acetal derivative of glucose.

It is listed in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC with the classification Harmful (Xn)

Chloralose exerts barbiturate-like actions on synaptic transmission in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR).[3][4] A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABAAR modulator and also as a general anesthetic.[5]

Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the United Kingdom, protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical.[6]

References

  1. ^ Silverman J, Muir WW (Jun 1993). "A review of laboratory animal anesthesia with chloral hydrate and chloralose". Lab Anim Sci. 43 (3): 210–6. PMID 8355479.
  2. ^ Vogler, George A. (2006-01-01), Suckow, Mark A.; Weisbroth, Steven H.; Franklin, Craig L. (eds.), "Chapter 19 - Anesthesia and Analgesia", The Laboratory Rat (Second Edition), American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Burlington: Academic Press, pp. 627–664, ISBN 978-0-12-074903-4, retrieved 2021-03-21
  3. ^ R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz (1980). "The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons". Brain Research. 191 (1): 225–237. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90325-x. PMID 6247012. S2CID 21777453.
  4. ^ K. M. Garrett & J. Gan (1998). "Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 285 (2): 680–686. PMID 9580613.
  5. ^ M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison (2000). "The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations". British Journal of Pharmacology. 129 (4): 731–743. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087. PMC 1571881. PMID 10683198.
  6. ^ "Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'". BBC News. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2020-07-26.


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