Chloralose: Difference between revisions
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Chloralose exerts [[barbiturate]]-like actions on [[synaptic transmission]] in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz | title = The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons | journal = [[Brain Research]] | volume = 191 | issue = 1 | pages = 225–237 | year = 1980 | pmid = 6247012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | author = K. M. Garrett & J. Gan | title = Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose | journal = [[The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]] | volume = 285 | issue = 2 | pages = 680–686 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9580613 |
Chloralose exerts [[barbiturate]]-like actions on [[synaptic transmission]] in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz | title = The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons | journal = [[Brain Research]] | volume = 191 | issue = 1 | pages = 225–237 | year = 1980 | pmid = 6247012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | author = K. M. Garrett & J. Gan | title = Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose | journal = [[The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]] | volume = 285 | issue = 2 | pages = 680–686 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9580613 |
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}}</ref> A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABA<sub>A</sub> modulator and also as a general anesthetic.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison | title = The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations | journal = [[British Journal of Pharmacology]] | volume = 129 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–743 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087 | pmid = 10683198| pmc = 1571881 }}</ref> |
}}</ref> A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABA<sub>A</sub> modulator and also as a general anesthetic.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison | title = The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations | journal = [[British Journal of Pharmacology]] | volume = 129 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–743 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087 | pmid = 10683198| pmc = 1571881 }}</ref> |
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Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the [[United Kingdom]], protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-26|title=Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-53543989|access-date=2020-07-26}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 11:10, 26 July 2020
Names | |
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IUPAC name
1,2-O-[2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene]-α-gluco-hexofuranose
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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85418 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.036.363 |
EC Number |
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KEGG | |
MeSH | Chloralose |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C8H11Cl3O6 | |
Molar mass | 309.52 g·mol−1 |
Melting point | 176 to 182 °C (349 to 360 °F; 449 to 455 K) |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Harmful if swallowed Harmful if inhaled |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H301, H332, H336, H410 | |
P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Chloral hydrate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chloralose (also known as α-chloralose) is an avicide, and a rodenticide used to kill mice in temperatures below 15 °C. It is also widely used in neuroscience and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and sedative.[1]
Chemically, it is a chlorinated acetal derivative of glucose.
It is listed in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC with the classification Harmful (Xn)
Chloralose exerts barbiturate-like actions on synaptic transmission in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors.[2][3] A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABAA modulator and also as a general anesthetic.[4]
Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the United Kingdom, protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical.[5]
References
- ^ Silverman J, Muir WW (Jun 1993). "A review of laboratory animal anesthesia with chloral hydrate and chloralose". Lab Anim Sci. 43 (3): 210–6. PMID 8355479.
- ^ R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz (1980). "The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons". Brain Research. 191 (1): 225–237. PMID 6247012.
- ^ K. M. Garrett & J. Gan (1998). "Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 285 (2): 680–686. PMID 9580613.
- ^ M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison (2000). "The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations". British Journal of Pharmacology. 129 (4): 731–743. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087. PMC 1571881. PMID 10683198.
- ^ "Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'". BBC News. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2020-07-26.