Dönhoff
Dönhoff (Polish Denhoff ) is the name of an old Westphalian noble family from the county of Mark , which spread across the Baltic to Poland and Prussia .
history
The origin of the Dönhoff can be found in Heven on the Dönhof, from where the family went to Wengern ( House Dönhoff ). The brothers Heinrich von Dunehof and Herbordus de Dunehoue called Kebbe were first mentioned in a document in 1282 . The regular series of sex begins with Johann von Dönhoff on Wengern, a document called 1440-1486, his son Hermann von Dönhof 1478 in Livonia invested was. In 1410 Godecke Dönhoff († before 1444) acquired the Allo estate in Estonia . His house died out in the 16th century, and Allo fell to the von Rosen family in 1523 . Heven came to Tidemann von Unna through marriage in 1463 , the Wengern house also went out in 1540 with Dietrich von Dönhoff , it fell to Gerhard von Dönhoff († 1574) from whom all later relatives descended.
Towards the end of the 16th century, the family began to rise to become an important magnate family in Poland-Lithuania. In 1633 the entire family was raised to the rank of imperial count by the emperor , a line of Denhoffs was established in 1637 by emperor Ferdinand III. additionally raised to the rank of imperial prince . The material and political power of the Denhoffs was established by Prince Kaspar Dönhoff (1587–1645). He had the baroque residences in Ujazd and Kruszynie near Radom and the family's grave chapel built on the site of Jasna Góra , the largest Marian shrine in Central and Eastern Europe and the most important Polish national shrine. The five Polish houses, including the Livonian and Courlandic houses, died out between 1725 and 1791.
Another branch of this family, belonging to the Reformed faith, settled in East Prussia around 1640 and was owned by Friedrichstein Castle (now Russian: Kamenka ) near Löwenhagen (Komsomolsk), 20 kilometers east of Königsberg (Kaliningrad) from 1666 to 1945 .
The Dönhoff family foundation Quittainen near Preussisch Holland was headed by the respective entails commissioner von Friedrichstein. Schloss und Gut Quittainen had acquired Philipp Otto Graf Dönhoff in 1742 and expanded the property by purchasing the estates Schönau-Gehlfeldt, Nauten and Samrodt.
The three younger houses Beynuhnen (1888), Krafftshagen (today Krawczyki in the Bartoszyce / Bartenstein district, with the name of Count von Dönhoff, Freiherren von Krafft , 1962) and Rützenhagen (1945) also came from the Friedrichstein line .
The founder of the Dönhoffstädt family came from the Friedrichstein branch , so named after the Baroque palace near Groß Wolfsdorf built by Bogislaw Friedrich von Dönhoff (1699–1742) in the years 1710–1716 , which was owned by the family until 1816 when the three sisters of the Count Stanislaus Dönhoff shared his inheritance. The Dönhoff-Dönhoffstädt branch finally expired in 1879 after Dönhoffstädt was inherited by the Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode in 1863 .
All current members of the family are descendants of Count August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff (1797–1874) on Friedrichstein, father of Count August von Dönhoff (1845–1920); his daughter was the journalist Marion Gräfin Dönhoff (1909-2002), one grandson is the forester and author Hermann Graf Hatzfeldt-Dönhoff , the numerous great-grandchildren include the writers Tatjana Gräfin Dönhoff (* 1959) and Friedrich Dönhoff (* 1967).
coat of arms
The family coat of arms shows a red-tongued black boar head ( boar head ) with raised bristles in silver . On the helmet with black and silver covers a growing red-tongued black boar, pierced by two crossed golden lances on the neck.
Name bearer
- Magnus Ernst Dönhoff (1581–1642), Voivode von Pernau and Starost von Dorpat
- Imperial Prince Kaspar Dönhoff (1587–1645), Voivode of Dorpat and Sieradz and Polish High Court Marshal
- Gerhard Dönhoff (1590–1648), castellan of Danzig and Voivode of the Wenden and Pomeranian Voivodeships
- Zygmunt Ernest Denhoff († 1655), table cutter for the Polish Queen, Starost von Bromberg
- Jerzy Albrecht Denhoff (1640–1702), Bishop of Cracow
- Jan Kazimierz Denhoff (1649–1697), cardinal, diplomat of the Polish King John III. Sobieski , Bishop of Cesena
- Władysław Denhoff (1639–1683), Kastelan von Kulm , Voivode von Pommerellen , Treasurer of Prussia , killed in the Battle of Párkány
- Ernst Dönhoff († 1693), Polish major general, Jägermeister of Lithuania , Kastelan of Wilna , voivode of Marienburg , Crown Marshal and Starost of Christburg
- Friedrich von Dönhoff (1639–1696), Lieutenant General in Brandenburg-Prussia
- Eleonore von Dönhoff (1674–1726), second wife of the Brandenburg general Hans Albrecht von Barfus
- Otto Magnus von Dönhoff (1665–1717), Brandenburg-Prussian lieutenant general and envoy
- Ernst Wladislaus von Dönhoff (1672–1724), Prussian lieutenant general
- Stanisław Ernest Denhoff (1679–1728), Polish congressional sword-bearer , Vice-Ethan of Lithuania, Voivode of Polotsk and Confederation Marshal of Sandomir
- Alexander von Dönhoff (1683–1742), Prussian lieutenant general
- Bogislaw Friedrich von Dönhoff (1669–1742), Prussian major general
- Maria Magdalena von Dönhoff , b. Marianna Bielinska (1685–1730), daughter of the Polish Crown Marshal Kazimierz Ludwik Bieliński, after divorce from her husband Boguslav Ernst Dönhoff from 1713 to 1719 mistress of Augustus the Strong . Later married to Prince Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski
- Friedrich von Dönhoff (1708–1769), Prussian colonel and chamberlain, knight of the order Pour le Mérite
- Karl Friedrich Ludwig von Dönhoff (1724–1778), Imperial and Royal General Field Sergeant
- August Christian Ludwig Carl von Dönhoff (1742–1803), Prussian Minister of War
- August Friedrich Philipp von Dönhoff (1763–1838), Prussian colonel, wing adjutant, court marshal, court master and knight of the order Pour le Mérite
- Sophie von Dönhoff (1768–1838), morganatic wife of King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia
- August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff (1797–1874), Prussian diplomat
- Louis von Dönhoff (1799–1877), Prussian lieutenant general
- Karl August von Dönhoff (1833–1906), Prussian diplomat, married Maria Beccadelli di Bologna
- August von Dönhoff (1845–1920), Prussian diplomat and politician
- Stanislaus von Dönhoff (1862–1929), German registrar, administrative and court official
- Bogislav von Dönhoff Freiherr von Krafft (1881–1962), National Socialist, Consul General in Bombay
- Christoph Dönhoff (1906–1992), National Socialist, brother of Marion Countess Dönhoff, Dr. iur., member of the NSDAP since 1935, head of the legal office of the NSDAP foreign organization in Paris and employee of the Gestapo
- Dietrich Graf von Dönhoff (1902 - 1991)
- Marion Gräfin Dönhoff (1909–2002), journalist and editor of the weekly newspaper Die Zeit
- Christian Graf von Dönhoff, farmer
- Hermann Graf Hatzfeldt (* 1941), forester, author and editor
- Tatjana Gräfin Dönhoff (* 1959), writer and author of the book for the film Die Flucht
- Friedrich Dönhoff (* 1967), writer
literature
- Walter Bussmann : Dönhoff, Count of .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 26 ( digitized version ).
- Johann Friedrich Gauhe : The Holy Roman Empire Genealogical-Historical Adels-Lexikon. Leipzig 1719, Volume 2, pp. 183-188.
- Genealogical Handbook of the Baltic Knighthoods (New Series) , Volume 3, Hamburg 2013, pp. 127–217.
- Dönhoff or Dänhoff, Denhoff, Dehnhoff, Denoff. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 7, Leipzig 1734, column 1148-1151.
- Anton Balthasar König : Biographical lexicon of all heroes and military figures. 1788, Volume 1, pp. 365-370.
- Johann Christian von Hellbach : Adels-Lexikon , 1st volume, Ilmenau 1825 p. 285.
- Johann Samuelersch , Johann Gottfried Gruber : General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts in alphabetical order by named writers . 1836, pp. 51-55.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adelslexicon . Leipzig 1836, pp. 425-426.
- KH von Busse and A. Buchholtz (Appendix): Magnus Ernst Graf von Dönhoff. News about him and his gender. In: Communications from the area of the history of Liv, Estonia and Courland 7. 1854, pp. 281–342.
- Leopold von Ledebur : Nobility Lexicon of the Prussian Monarchy . 1854 Volume 1, pp. 175-176.
- Otto Titan von Hefner : Register of the thriving and dead nobility in Germany. 1 volume 1858 p. 288.
- Siebmacher: Volume III, 1. – 3. Division, nobility of the Kingdom of Prussia. 1857, plate 6.
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Leipzig 1860, Volume 2, pp. 522-525.
- Adam Boniecki : Herbarz Polski. Volume 4 (Czetwertyńscy - Dowiakowscy), Warsaw 1901, pp. 250-256 DjVu Polish
- Gustav Sommerfeldt : Prussian relations of the Courland gentlemen von Dönhoff. In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics . 1909/10, pp. 83-88.
- Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Gräfliche Häuser . Justus Perthes, Gotha, GA, 1826 St., 1942, v. Dönhoff.
- Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (edit.): Genealogical manual of the Estonian knighthood. Part 2, 3: Estonia. Vol .: 3, Görlitz 1930, pp. 38-45.
- Genealogical manual of the nobility . CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn), Count's Houses, Volume 2, 1952, pp. 111-115; Volume 40, 1967, pp. 84-89; Volume 94, 1988, pp. 164-168.
- Genealogical manual of the nobility. Nobility Lexicon. Volume II, Volume 58 of the complete series, p. 509, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1974, ISSN 0435-2408
- Detlev Schwennicke : European family tables . New series, Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2002, Volume XX, ( Tables 110-118 ), ISBN 978-3-465-03166-6 .
- Kilian Heck, Christian Thielemann (ed.): Friedrichstein. The castle of the Counts of Dönhoff in East Prussia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-06593-8 .
Web links
- Friedrichstein Castle and the Counts of Dönhoff. Special exhibition in Caputh Castle , until October 4th, 2009 Link Flyer (PDF; 366 kB)
- Zeno.org Dönhoff
- The Dönhoff in Livonia and Poland
Individual evidence
- ↑ Westphalia. Document book. Vol. VII, No. 1803.
- ↑ (illustration and short description; Polish) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Building history of the magnates in Kruszyn (Polish) ( MS Word ; 1.4 MB)
- ↑ see: Dynastic Genealogy or Denhoffowie ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Dönhoffstädt ( Memento of the original from March 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 256 kB)
- ↑ Manfred Höhne: The district of Rastenburg. Wolfsdorf (Groß Wolfsdorf with Dönhoffstädt)
- ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility . Adelslexikon Volume II, Limburg (Lahn) 1974.