Großheide (Mönchengladbach)

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Großheide
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 32 "  N , 6 ° 24 ′ 29"  E
Height : 45–79 m above sea level NN
Area : 3.83 km²
Incorporation : 1921
Postal code : 41063
Area code : 02161
Großheide (Mönchengladbach)
Großheide

Location of Großheide in Mönchengladbach

Großheide is a district of independent Lower Rhine city Mönchengladbach in western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Within Mönchengladbach, Großheide encompasses the entire northern area of ​​the official district of Windberg , which has been part of Mönchengladbach's northern district since 2009 ( previously: " Mönchengladbach-Stadtmitte " ). The postal code of Großheide, as well as for other areas north of Mönchengladbach city center, is 41063. The names Grosseheid, Große Heide, Großhaid, Grosse Heide, Großeheide, Grossehaide or Grossheide have been handed down as earlier names for the area .

history

Map of the northern part of the Duchy of Jülich from 1794 to 1795.
Großheide and the neighboring settlements of Bötzlöh (above), Venn (below left) and Windberg (below right) during the French period , around 1805.
Old Prussian map of Großheide and the surrounding villages from 1844.

Großheide under the rule of the Duchy of Jülich until 1794

The oldest known written mention of Großheide comes from the year 1624 and thus from the time of the Thirty Years' War . Großheide was a small farming village in the north of the Duchy of Jülich and then lay on the border with the Spanish Netherlands , including the adjoining in the north area of Alt-Viersen with his then Honnschaften Ummer (including Bötzlöh and Ompert ) and Heimer (including Helenabrunn ) belonged.

The original settlement of Großheide was limited to a relatively small area along today's Großheide and Kampsheide streets , for example between Botzlöher Weg and Haiderfeldstraße . The Großheide was not an independent monastery, but formed together with Windberg and other villages the monastery Obergeburth . The Honnschaft Obergeburth was part of the court district of the same name, which also included the Honnschaft Holthehn (not to be confused with Hehnerholt ). The judicial district of Obergeburth was in turn part of the Gladbach sub-office within the Jülich office of Grevenbroich .

The Altviersen area bordering on Großheide in the north in the area of ​​the Viersener Landwehr was initially occupied by the Northern Netherlands (often called " States General ") as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession from 1705 . At the end of this conflict of succession , the so-called “ Herrlichkeit Viersen ” was officially ceded by Spain to Prussia in the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 , while in Großheide the territorial rule of the Duchy of Jülich continued to exist for the time being.

Großheide during the French period (1794–1814)

In 1794 initially led to a military occupation of the left bank area by French revolutionary troops . The new French administration then initiated two regional reforms in 1798/1800 with the aim of redesigning the municipal administrative structures based on the French model and simplifying the planned integration of the area into the French state . The mayor's office of the same name (" Mairie ") was formed from the largest part of the former Gladbach judicial district of Obergeburth , which in turn was part of the canton of Neersen . The canton Neersen belonged to the " Arrondissement de Crévelt " ( Arrondissement Krefeld ) in the " Département de la Roer ".

On February 9, 1801 Grossheide was for the next year officially became a French village after the left bank of the Rhine in the Peace of Luneville last Roman-German emperor , Franz II. (Of Habsburg-Lorraine ) , international law had been ceded to France.

Großheide after 1815

After around 20 years, the French era finally came to an end with Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, after which the Rhineland fell to Prussia , which was one of the victorious powers of the Napoleonic wars . The Obergeburth mayor's office, founded by the French, initially existed under Prussian rule, but the canton of Neersen was dissolved again in 1816. Instead, the Obergeburth mayor's office was incorporated into the then newly formed Gladbach district by the Prussian administration in 1816 , as was the neighboring mayor's office of Viersen .

In 1835 the Obergeburth mayor , to which both Großheide and the neighboring Windberg belonged, lost their independence in the course of a further municipal reform and was incorporated into the Gladbach mayor as a " rural special community " . This state of affairs only lasted a little more than 20 years: as early as 1859, the rural special community of Obergeburth was again upgraded to an independent mayor's office and was spun off from the Gladbach mayor's office.

On July 15, 1907, the mayor's office or municipality of Obergeburth was renamed Munich-Gladbach-Land , and in August 1921 it was finally incorporated into the town of M'gladbach, which had been an independent city since 1888. Within Mönchengladbach , Großheide is part of the official district of Windberg and, together with Windberg, was part of the city ​​center district for decades . In 2009, the Mönchengladbach city districts Stadtmitte and Hardt were merged to form the new city district Mönchengladbach North , to which Großheide now belongs.

The L 71 ( Viersener Straße ) in the area of ​​Großheide with a stop of the same name .
The county road 8 ( Kärntnerstrasse ) in Great Heath, from the roundabout seen from.
By an artificial terrain incision extending railway freight route Helenabrunn to Rheydt between the actual wind Berg and Grossheide from the Viersener road seen.

traffic

Road traffic

The main traffic artery for the eastern part of Großheide is the L 71 , that is Viersener Straße , which runs from Mönchengladbach city center as a branch line to Viersen. The western and central parts of Großheide are connected to the center of the Windberg district and Gladbach city center via Lindenstrasse .

District road 8 runs in east-west direction , this is the road called Großheide or, in the further course, Kärntner Straße . At its eastern end, this county road is linked to the aforementioned L 71 ( Viersener Straße ), and at the western end with Kreisstraße 2 ( Venner Straße ), which leads from Venn via Windberg to Mönchengladbach city center.

In addition, the A 52 runs in an east-west direction directly past the northern edge of Großheide, but there is no junction in the Großheide area. The closest connection points with the motorway network are junction no. 6 (" Mönchengladbach-Hardt ") and no. 8 (" Mönchengladbach-Nord ") on the A 52 and junction no. 10 (" Mönchengladbach-Nordpark ") on the A 61 .

Rail transport

railroad

On the southern edge of Großheide, the single-lane rail freight route from Helenabrunn to Rheydt runs through an artificially created cut in a trough . It is a section of the largely disused Krefeld – Rheydt railway that is still in operation . Since this route is only used for freight traffic , there is no train station for passenger traffic. The nearest train station for passenger traffic is Mönchengladbach Central Station .

The cut in the terrain associated with the aforementioned railway line clearly marks the boundary between the actual Windberg and Großheide. Since all traffic routes from Windberg to Großheide have to bridge this freight line, Großheide is “henger de Brück” (high German: “ behind the bridge ”) when viewed from Windberg or Mönchengladbach city center .

tram

In the eastern part of Großheide there was a tram route along Viersener Straße until 1965 . The route originally led from Mönchengladbach city center to Viersen and Süchteln and has been gradually closed since 1955. Finally, the trams ran to the “ Helenabrunn , Wegweiser” stop .

Bus transport

As a district of Mönchengladbach , Großheide belongs to the tariff area of ​​the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr and is served by the Mönchengladbacher Verkehrsbetriebe on various routes with several bus lines:

Local public transport (during the day) in Mönchengladbach-Großheide
Type line route Hints
bus 008 Venn, Breiter Graben  - Großheide, Leostraße  - Großheide, Kärntner Straße  - Windberg  - Water Tower  - Alter Markt  - Mönchengladbach Hbf  - Pesch  - Reyerhütte  - Volksgarten NEW - MöBus
bus 009 ( Süchteln , bus station - Viersen, bus station  - Viersen, Gereonsplatz  - Beberich  - Ummer  - ) VIE ‑ Helenabrunn, signpost  - MG, Franziskushaus  - Großheide  - Bunter Garten  - Alter Markt  - Mönchengladbach Hbf  - Hermges  - Dahl  - Ohler, Ohlerfeld NEW - MöBus , the section between Süchteln
and Helenabrunn is only used at times.
bus 010 Hamern  - Großheide, Leostraße  - Großheide, Kärntner Straße  - Windberg  - Water Tower  - Alter Markt  - Mönchengladbach Hbf  - Uedding  - Neuwerk NEW - MöBus
bus 019 ( Vinkrath  - Grefrath  - Süchteln-Vorst  - ) Süchteln  - Viersen, bus station  - Viersen, Gereonsplatz  - Beberich  - Ummer  - VIE ‑ Helenabrunn, signpost  - MG, Franziskushaus  - Großheide  - water tower  - Alter Markt  - Mönchengladbach Hbf  - Hermges  - Rheydt , Marienplatz - Elisabeth Hospital NEW - MöBus , the section between Vinkrath and Süchteln is only used at times.
Status: September 2019

The night express bus line NE 2 runs in Großheide late in the evening and at night.

Bike trails

There are no designated regional cycle paths or cycle path themed routes directly to Großheide or through Großheide.

Attractions

The holy house on the corner of Großheide and Kampsheide streets .
The high-rise building on the left is a landmark of Großheide that can be seen from afar .
The Viersener Landwehr near the Franziskushaus, seen from the Mönchengladbach side.

Heiligenhäuschen Großheide / Kampsheide

At the corner of the streets Großheide and Kampsheide is a small holy house from the 19th century . The building goes back to a soldier's mother who, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815), initially waited in vain for her son to return. Probably asking for the return of her son, the mother had a simple saint's house set up, in which the portrait of a religious group of three , consisting of the Mother of Mary Anna , St. Mary and the baby Jesus , was placed. The missing son came back to Großheide after all.

For urban planning, site and religious-historical reasons, the Heiligenhäuschen was classified as a monument worthy of protection . The brick building with a slate-covered gable roof was registered with the list number G 037 on September 18, 1991 as a monument of the city of Mönchengladbach.

Großheide water tower high-rise

In Großheide there is a high-rise , which has become a landmark of the Mönchengladbach district that can be seen from afar . Behind the walls of the building, architecturally not particularly exciting at first glance, there is a special feature that one would hardly suspect at first: It is a kind of water tower .

On the roof of a bunker from World War II. Was the 1940s after the war in the second half , first one elevated water tank mounted, located about 2,100 cubic meters , ie around 2.1 million liters can store water. In 1949, a total of 48 apartments were built around the bunker and water tank, making the entire building complex look like an ordinary high-rise from the outside.

Viersener Landwehr

On the northern edge of Großheide , the so-called Viersener Landwehr runs along today's Mönchengladbach - Viersener city ​​and district boundary . It is a late medieval defense system that was built from the Viersen side in the 15th century . At that time, the neighboring Viersen belonged to the former Duchy of Geldern as an exclave and was surrounded on three sides by the territory of the former Duchy of Jülich , to which Gladbach also belonged. Since one obviously felt threatened on the Viersen side, the Altviersen area surrounded itself in the Middle Ages with extensive defensive walls against the Jülich land. This so-called Landwehr is quite well preserved between Großheide and the neighboring Viersen hamlet of Bötzlöh in the north .

The Landwehr between Großheide and Bötzlöh has been registered with the list number 026 as a historical ground monument in the list of monuments of the city of Viersen since October 28, 2009.

Association and social life

Allotment gardeners

  • Allotment gardeners association Großheide eV, Leopold-Becker-Weg 70, 41063 Mönchengladbach

Rifle Brotherhoods

  • Bürgererschützenverein Windberg und Großheide eV

The closer environment

Bockerter heather Bötzlöh  Ompert Ummer  Heimer
Helenabrunn  Lockhütte
Angles  Venn Neighboring communities Fox hut
Bettrath  Hoven
Hamern
Beltinghoven   Waldhausen 		Windberg
Gladbach 		Colorful garden   Eicken

sons and daughters of the town

  • Vitus Loers (1792–1862), classical philologist and director of the Trier grammar school.

Web links

Commons : Großheide  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e topographic map 1: 25000, sheet 4704 (Viersen) (published by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on March 23, 2019)
  2. ↑ a b Topographic map 1: 100000, sheet C4702 (Krefeld) ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (4th edition, published in 1989 by the Land Survey Office of North Rhine-Westphalia (now: Cologne District Government), accessed on January 14, 2013)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de
  3. ↑ a b City of Mönchengladbach: City districts and districts
    (online publication of the City of Mönchengladbach, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  4. ↑ Deutsche Post: Postcode search (online service of Deutsche Post AG , accessed on January 14, 2013)
  5. ↑ a b Map of the Rhineland 1: 25000 by Tranchot and v. Müffling (1803–1820), sheet 42 (Viersen) ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Reprinted in 1966 by the Land Surveying Office of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn-Bad Godesberg (now: Cologne District Government), accessed on January 14, 2013)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de
  6. ↑ Friedrich von Restorff : Topographical-Statistical Description of the Royal Prussian Rhine Province
    (Nicolaische Buchhandlung, Berlin and Stettin 1830, online digitized version of Google eBook , accessed on January 14, 2013)
  7. ↑ a b The Rhine Province of the Prussian Monarchy , Verlag U. Werbrunn, Düsseldorf 1883
    ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf , accessed on January 14, 2013)
  8. ↑ a b c Dr. Johann Georg Viebahn : Statistics and Topography of the Government District Düsseldorf
    (Verlag JHC Schreiner, Düsseldorf, 1836, online digitized version of Google eBook , accessed on January 14, 2013)
  9. ↑ Prussian map recording 1: 25000 - first recording (1844) -, sheet 4704 (Viersen) (reprinted in 1991 by the state survey office of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn-Bad Godesberg (now: Cologne district government), accessed on March 23, 2019)
  10. ↑ Prussian map recording 1: 25000 -Neuaufnahme (1892) -, sheet 4704 (Viersen) ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Copy, Internet presentation of the University of Greifswald, accessed on January 14, 2013)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / greif.uni-greifswald.de
  11. ↑ a b Gerd Lamers: History of the Catholic Parish St. Anna Mönchengladbach-Windberg
    (Mönchengladbach, 2004, online article of the Catholic parish St. Anna Waldhausen-Windberg , accessed on January 14, 2013)
  12. ↑ a b Wilhelm Grafen von Mirbach : On the territorial history of the Duchy of Jülich, First Part, Düren and Düsseldorf, 1874
    (online presentation of the university library of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , accessed on January 14, 2013)
  13. ^ Franz Joseph Schroeteler: The glory and city of Viersen - A contribution to the history of the Lower Rhine
    (Viersen, 1881, Google eBook, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  14. ^ A b Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Department, Düsseldorf location: Authorities and holdings before 1816: 1.5.1.2. Roerdépartement
    (Internet publication of the North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives , Düsseldorf, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  15. ^ Anton Joseph Dorsch (French sub-prefect of the Arrondissement of Kleve ) : Statistique du Département de la Roer
    (Druckerei Oedenkoven & Thiriart, Cologne, 1804, online digitized version of Google eBook , French, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  16. ↑ The Roer Department, 1808 (Reinhard Steger, Olpe's private website, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  17. ↑ W. Hilgemann, M. Hergt, H. Children: dtv-Atlas Weltgeschichte - From the beginnings to the present  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Editor: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag , Munich, 3rd edition March 2010, ISBN 978-3-423-08598-4 , accessed on January 14, 2013)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.dtv.de  
  18. ↑ Official Gazette for the Düsseldorf administrative region 1907, p. 453
  19. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Düsseldorf 1921, p. 333
  20. ↑ City of Mönchengladbach : Incorporation contract between the municipality of Munich-Gladbach and the municipality of Munich-Gladbach-Land (PDF; 18 kB)
    (Mönchengladbach, 1921, Internet publication of the city of Mönchengladbach, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  21. ↑ Topographic map 1: 25000, sheet 4804 (Mönchengladbach) (published by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on March 23, 2019)
  22. ↑ Holger Hintzen: Großheide - Charming at the edge. In: RP Online , Düsseldorf. June 21, 2008, accessed January 14, 2013 .
  23. ^ Jürgen Lehmann: Tram in Mönchengladbach , published by: Verlag Kenning , Nordhorn 1997, ISBN 3-927587-62-1
  24. ↑ a b c Cycling in the district of Viersen , cycling map 1: 50,000, 4th edition 2009
    (published by Bielefelder Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld and economic development company for the district of Viersen mbH, Viersen , ISBN 978-3-87073-122-9 )
  25. ↑ a b c ADFC regional map: Niederrhein-Süd , 1: 75,000, Bielefelder Verlag, ISBN 978-3-87073-318-6
  26. ↑ Monuments in the city of Mönchengladbach - war memorial in Bettrath (homepage of Käthe and Bernd Limburg, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  27. ↑ Garnet Manecke: Mönchengladbach - water towers tell history. In: RP Online , Düsseldorf. October 5, 2009, accessed January 14, 2013 .
  28. ↑ Monuments: Äußere Landwehr - Bötzlöh area (official website of the city of Viersen, accessed on January 14, 2013)
  29. ^ Allotment gardeners association Großheide eV (accessed on January 14, 2013)
  30. ↑ Bürgererschützenverein Windberg und Großheide eV (accessed on January 14, 2013)