Hallstatt – Dachstein / Salzkammergut cultural landscape

Hallstatt – Dachstein / Salzkammergut cultural landscape
UNESCO world heritage
Hallstatt, general view from the south
National territory:	Austria
Type:	Culture
Criteria :	iii, iv
Surface:	28,446.2 ha
Reference No .:	806
UNESCO region :	Europe and North America
History of enrollment
Enrollment:	1997  (session 21)

The cultural landscape Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut , English Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape , is one of the ten UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Austria .

Scope or area of ​​the world heritage site

The world heritage site includes:

• the Dachstein massif
• and the Inner Salzkammergut around Lake Hallstatt

The federal state of Upper Austria with 59.58%, Styria with 35.12% and the state of Salzburg with 5.30% share in the world heritage region:

country	Total area	Core zone	Buffer zone
Upper Austria	28,871.1	23,390.8	5,480.3
Styria	17,018.0	5,055.4	11,962.6
Salzburg	2,571.0	-	2,571.0
total	48,460.1	28,446.2	20,013.9

Areas in hectares

The World Heritage municipalities are:

local community	country	Note
Abtenau	Sbg	small portions of the buffer zone
Annaberg-Lungötz	Sbg	Shares in the buffer zone
Aich	Styria	smaller proportions
Altaussee	Styria	Shares in the buffer zone
Bad Aussee	Styria	smaller proportions
Bad Goisern on Lake Hallstatt	Upper Austria	smaller proportions
Bad Mitterndorf	Styria	smaller proportions
Filzmoos	Sbg	Shares in the buffer zone
Grobming	Styria	smaller proportions
Gosau	Upper Austria	entire municipal area core zone
Hallstatt	Upper Austria	entire municipal area core zone
House	Styria	smaller proportions
Obertraun	Upper Austria	entire municipal area core zone
Pichl-Kainisch	Styria	smaller proportions
Ramsau am Dachstein	Styria	Shares in the buffer zone
Russbach am Pass Gschütt	Sbg	only adjacent to the buffer zone

Important access communities are the cities of Bad Ischl  (Upper Austria) and Schladming  (Styria).

The core zone covers around 285 km². It extends (clockwise) from the northern edge of Lake Hallstatt eastwards to the Gschütt pass , southwards to the Sarstein (along the state border), eastwards over the southern ( left ) gorge walls of the Koppentraun around the Zinken , southeastwards to the Hochmühleck , southwards to the Gschreiriedl , southwestwards to the Bramkogel , then has a protuberance on the Kemet Mountains (south to the Kumpfling and south-east to the Stoderalm ), then an indentation over Hirzberg , Napfenkofel (from here again the national border), Lackner Hocheck and Lackner Miesberg , westward over the Hohen Dachstein and Torstein , north-westward the Along the Gosaukamm to the Donnerkogel (end of the course on the state border), north-east to the lower end of the Vorderen Gosau lake , along the right edge of the Gosau valley past the Leitgebkogel, at the Eibengrabenbrücke over the Gosauzwang , northwards into the Ramsau mountains (southeast of the Osterhorn group ), and east down to Lake Gosau.

The buffer zone , which has also been designated - which represents limited protection of the ensemble and is intended to protect the core zone from impairment in the long-distance image - covers a further 200 km². It extends around the core zone in a strip about a kilometer wide, but bulges in the south and southeast (near Haus im Ennstal , into Ramsau and Schattbachtal to Bischofsmütze in the rear Lammertal ), and in the northwest (around the entire Gosau , National border via Zwieselalm , Gosaustein , Pass Gschütt in the Kalmberge ).

Justification and protection status

The region was in session from 1 to 6 December 1997 by the UNESCO award World Heritage awarded.

This award was given for the following reasons:

"The Alpine region of Hallstatt / Dachstein-Salzkammergut is an extraordinary example of a natural landscape of unique beauty and special scientific importance, which also bears witness to early and continuous human, economic and cultural activity."

- UNESCO Committee : December 1997

The following criteria were recognized.

III: represents a unique or at least extraordinary testimony to a cultural tradition or an existing or lost culture

IV: represents an excellent example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape that symbolizes one or more significant periods of human history

Including a 3,000-year history, from the beginnings of salt mining in Hallstatt period (800 to c. 400 BC., Hallstatt Culture ), via the Salzkammergut the Habsburgs , the beginning of the alpinism , to modern tourism .

Despite the designation as "landscape" it was primarily designated as cultural heritage - the distinction between cultural and natural heritage, however, only plays a subordinate role today.

The following aspects are specifically relevant:

• architectural heritage of prehistoric, still active salt mining , especially in the Hallstatt Salt Mine , the medieval salt economy with representative buildings of Gothic , Baroque and historicism , particularly shown in closed ensemble of the town of Hallstatt , with technical monuments for salt ( brine line to the salt works Bad Ischl and Ebensee ), and the traffic routes (hydraulic structures of the Hallstättersee, Salzkammergutbahn )
• Natural heritage , with the cave systems characteristic of the limestone (Dachstein caves) and karst phenomena, and the mineral resource of rock salt
• cultural and historical heritage , such as the specific forms of forest management due to the salt system, examples from literature (such as the landscape writer Adalbert Stifter ), art (such as the landscape painters of the Biedermeier period Franz Steinfeld and Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller ), the history of science and the history of tourism (such as the mountain pioneer and researcher Friedrich Simony , the alpine huts and cable cars) and customs (such as the crypto-Protestantism of the miners and farmers in the region, the skull in the Hallstatt ossuary , the typical bird trapping )
• Archaeological heritage on the Hallstatt salt mountain , from the younger Iron Age, the oldest (known) industrial landscape in the world, from Roman times , or numerous rock carvings, probably mostly medieval-modern, such as in Notgasse on the Dachstein plateau

Around 80 architectural monuments are identified in the World Heritage region, 60 of them in Hallstatt, with the important archaeological monument complex of the Hallstatt Salt Mountain , or the late antique retreat Knallwand near Ramsau and numerous other excavation and discovery areas.

See also: List of listed objects in Hallstatt , Obertraun , Gosau , Bad Goisern , Ramsau ,

The natural area is also comprehensively protected nationally and internationally:

• The entire core area of ​​the Dachstein massif are the European protected areas Dachstein in Upper Austria ( bird protection and FFH area , AT3101000 / EU02 , also nature reserve N098 ) and the Styrian Dachstein plateau (FFH area, AT2204000 / No. 19 , also NSG 18 ).
• the Sarstein massif is protected on the Styrian side together with parts of the northeastern roof of the Dachstein massif as a landscape protection area Salzkammergut ( -West ,  LS14b )
• the southern flank belongs to the conservation area Dachstein Salzkammergut  ( Salzkammergut East , LSG 14a ), the North Western part of the community Ramsau is also protected area ( NSG 02c ), Dachsteinsüdwand and Dachsteinsüdabsturz and Edelgrieß glacial are additionally large natural monuments  ( no. 783, 784 )
• the whole of Lake Hallstatt , the Gosau lakes and all other bodies of water have a water protection zone , all caves are strictly under cave protection per se , as is the high alpine area, and the glaciers under glacier protection ( ex-lege protection according to nature conservation laws)
• and the region as a whole is subject to the Alpine Convention

On the Salzburg side, there is no explicit protection.

Smaller protected areas are Obere and Untere Notgasse and Riesgasse on the Dachstein Plateau ( Stm. NDM 796 ), Großes Löckenmoos , Grubenalmmoor and Kleines Löckenmoos in Gosau ( Upper Austria N088, N087 ), Schleierfall , Torbachfall , Gradenbachfall and Luserfall im Ennstal ( Stm. NDM 789, 788, 813, 1374 ), as well as the Ödensee  ( FFH , AT2206000 / Nr. 20 , Stm. NSa 5 ), or also the Ameisensee  ( Sbg.LSG 1 ), gorge and waterfalls on the Teichenbach near Bad Aussee ( Stm. NDM 356 ) and the rock group around the Trutstein near Haus ( Stm. NDM 807 ) just outside the UNESCO zone.
The show caves Dachstein Giant Ice Cave , Koppenbrüller Cave and Mammut Cave near Obertraun, important caves only accessible for research, such as the Hirlatz cave (second longest known cave in Austria). In total there are numerous caves in the reserve.

literature

• Assessment of the Hallstatt-Dachstein region before it is declared a World Heritage Site. (PDF; 911 kB) UNESCO World Heritage Center, July 16, 1996, accessed on April 7, 2018 (English). 

Map:

• Map “UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Landscape Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut”, scale 1: 50000. (PDF) In: World Heritage List. UNESCO, 2008, accessed April 7, 2018 . 

Web links

Commons : Hallstatt – Dachstein / Salzkammergut cultural landscape  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
• World Heritage Hallstatt - Dachstein / Salzkammergut , (welterberegion.at)
• Dachstein Salzkammergut (dachstein-salzkammergut.com, Dachstein Tourism of the Province of Upper Austria)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} World Heritage Region Hallstatt - Dachstein / Salzkammergut → World Heritage Information → History ( Memento from February 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), welterberegion.at, accessed February 14, 2013
2. ↑ World Heritage Region Hallstatt - Dachstein / Salzkammergut → World Heritage Information → Geographic ( Memento from February 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), welterberegion.at, accessed February 14, 2013;
   Exact area information: Legend of the UNESCO map 2008 ( → Lit. )
3. ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center: 1997 Advisory Body Evaluation. (PDF) Retrieved February 17, 2013 . 
4. ↑ published WHC-97 / CONF.208 / 17, Paris, February 27, 1998, certificate of appointment handed over June 13, 1998, see Geschichtliches , welterberegion.at, last paragraph
5. ↑ “ […] that the Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut alpine region is an outstanding example of a natural landscape of great beauty and scientific interest which also contains evidence of a fundamental human economic activity, the whole integrated in a harmonious and mutually beneficial manner. ”. Translation quoted from Geschichtliches , welterberegion.at
6. ↑ Unesco World Heritage Site seal of approval: Excellent historical cultural landscape Hallstatt - Dachstein - Salzkammergut , dachstein-salzkammergut.com
7. ↑ Dachstein nature reserve in the communities of Gosau, Hallstatt and Obertraun , Genisys

Coordinates: 47 ° 33 ′ 34 "  N , 13 ° 38 ′ 47"  E