Mikulčice
| Mikulčice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Hodonín | ||||
| Area : | 1530 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 49 ' N , 17 ° 3' E | ||||
| Height: | 165 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,953 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 696 19 | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Josef Helešic (status: 2007) | ||||
| Address: | Mikulčice 245 696 19 Mikulčice |
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| Municipality number: | 586374 | ||||
| Website : | www.mikulcice.cz | ||||
Mikulčice (German Mikultschitz , also Nickoltschitz , Nikolschitz ) is a village with 1,955 (2005) inhabitants in the Jihomoravský kraj region (Czech Republic).
Mikulčice is located 7 kilometers southwest of Göding on the border with Slovakia . The village with an area of 1530 hectares is located at an altitude of 164 m . Almost 2,000 people live in 623 apartments.
Three kilometers southeast of the village on the March ( Morava in Czech ) in Mikulčice-Valy is the former Morava castle complex , which was the center of the Great Moravian Empire in the 9th century . Today it is the archaeological open-air museum of the Mikulčice-Valy National Monument .
history
Mikulčice was first mentioned in writing in 1141. At that time it belonged to the parish of Lundenburg . At that time there was a cemetery church in the middle of the village. From the 12th and 13th centuries, archaeologists discovered not only the remains of houses, but also ceramic shards. At that time the village was probably drawn along a road. The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary dates back to the 14th century and was first mentioned in 1353. A century later a fortress is reported to have been located on the Kopec hill in the southern part of the village.
On September 25, 2007, the main building of the memorial, including the research rooms and the archive, was destroyed by fire.
Castle Morava
The historian Lubomír E. Havlík identified the complex in Mikulčice-Valy as the first Moravian capital Morava ( grad Morava ), which was replaced by Veligrad as the new capital after 871 based on the archaeological findings .
The total area of 30 to 50 hectares extended over some islands of the ramified river March.
The central complex with a burial site and residential complexes should have taken up about 10 hectares. It was surrounded by a wooden wall with a stone attachment and additionally protected by the river bed. The bank was fortified by several wooden palisades. In the acropolis and the outer bailey, several bridges, which connected the individual complexes, as well as gates provided access.
In the castle complex there was a stone palace and a church, as well as other stone buildings. They probably served the ruling class. There were individual graves in the church. In the acropolis there were also workshops and residential buildings of craftsmen.
The outer bailey was home to soldiers, servants and craftsmen. Markets were also held here, in which the craftsmen traded their products and farmers from near and far sold their products for sale. Life in the castle was heavily dependent on the economic development of the area. After all, many people had to be fed and looked after.
Presumably due to the existence of this fortress, other settlements were built nearby. Archaeological excavations along the railway line from Lundenburg to Göding attest to the density of finds.
The castle complex was the center of the political power of the ruling Mojmirids and an important center of ecclesiastical administration. Recent discoveries of richly equipped handicrafts, weapons, and luxurious and imported objects bear witness to this.
The importance of the place, which was probably founded before the 8th century, was lost with the fall of the Moravian Empire and the invasion of the Magyars in the 10th century. Part of the population from the outer bailey settled in the area. Some of the rulers were probably allowed to keep their positions or were assigned new ones, and a large number of the mercenaries are likely to have joined the Magyars. The craftsmen are also likely to have emigrated abroad, most of them certainly to Bohemia, to the kingdom of the Přemyslids . The area was no longer populated as early as the 13th century.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Fanoš Mikulecký (born July 28, 1912 - † March 23, 1970 in Hodonín), publisher, musician, radio play author, composer
- František Nosál (born April 7, 1879 in Těšice, † August 29, 1963 in Prague), division general, legionnaire
- Pavel Vavrys (born December 18, 1947), painter, whose pictures are exhibited in the National Gallery in Prague
- Jaroslav Jurčák (born June 17, 1937), sculptor
Local division
The municipality Mikulčice consists of the districts
- Mikulčice ( Mikulčice ) - 303 houses, 918 inhabitants
- Těšice ( Tieschitz ) - 320 houses, 988 inhabitants
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ L. Hošák, R. Šrámek, Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku I, Academia, Praha 1970, II, Academia, Praha 1980th
- ↑ Havlík: Svatopluk , p. 34 u. 74-77.