Žarošice

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Žarošice
Coat of arms of Žarošice
Žarošice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Hodonín
Area : 1476 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 2 '  N , 16 ° 58'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 2 '27 "  N , 16 ° 58' 1"  E
Height: 212  m nm
Residents : 1,105 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 696 34
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Slavkov u Brna - Kyjov
Railway connection: Čejč – Ždánice
(passenger transport suspended)
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Rudolf Svoboda (as of 2010)
Address: Žarošice 14
696 34 Žarošice
Municipality number: 586790
Website : www.zarosice.cz

Žarošice (German Scharoschitz , formerly Ziaroschitz or Saroschitz , Saruschitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers southwest of Ždánice and belongs to the Okres Hodonín .

geography

Žarošice is located at the southern foot of the Ždánický les at the transition to Dambořická vrchovina in the valley of the Zdravotnický creek. To the north rises the Maliny (371 m), in the northeast of the Petrovec (298 m) and northwest of the Šumberk (323 m). The state road I / 54 from Slavkov u Brna to Kyjov runs through the village . To the north lies the medieval Konůvky desert. The Čejč – Ždánice railway runs two kilometers south . The village is on the edge of the Ždánický les nature park.

Neighboring towns are Zdravá Voda , Rašovice and Mouřínov in the north, Ždánice in the Northeast, Archlebov the east, Dražůvky and Želetice the southeast, Janův Dvůr and Násedlovice in the south, Čtvrtě and Bohumilice in the southwest, Dambořice the west and Uhřice and Silničná in the northwest.

history

Legend has it that there was a pagan sacrificial site north of Žarošice, where the Marcomannic queen Fritigil (Fritigilda) had a Christian temple built with a figure of the Virgin Mary at the end of the 4th century.

The village was first mentioned in writing in 1220 as the property of the Cistercian monastery Velehrad that the pilgrimage chapel had built in the vineyards. At the beginning of the 14th century, Queen Elisabeth Richza bought the property. She gave Žarošice to the old Brno royal monastery, which she founded . The parish church of St. Anna was first mentioned on June 6, 1326 as the Olomouc Bishop Konrad Church of Dambořice rose to the parish church. In 1330 Elisabeth Richza donated the statue of the Old Mother of God to the pilgrimage chapel of the Mariä Wiegenfest in the vineyards. After the Hussite Wars , the royal monastery Žarošice sold to secular owners, but later regained it. In place of the chapel, the pilgrimage church of the Mariä Wiegenfest was built in the 16th century, next to which the Cistercian sisters had a residence built. Under the pastor Wenceslaus Alauda, ​​who had been in office since 1696, the pilgrimages took off and Žarošice became one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Moravia. In the valley to the north, the Rosenthal spa was built, which also served as accommodation for pilgrims. In Žarošice there was also a manorial office. After the abolition of the royal monastery in 1782, Žarošice became part of the religious fund. Although Emperor Joseph II had banned all pilgrimages on August 1, 1785, pilgrims still traveled on September 11 of the same year for the annual pilgrimage. They found the church planned for demolition locked, broke in and carried the Madonna to the parish church in Žarošice. In 1786 the pilgrimage church was desecrated.

In 1790 Žarošice consisted of 160 houses and 766 inhabitants. On June 28, 1797, a major fire destroyed most of the village. For the reconstruction, stones from the pilgrimage church and the residence were used as building material. At the place of the pilgrimage site, the settlement of street villages was established . After the Battle of Austerlitz , Tsar Alexander I stayed in Žarošice from December 3rd to 4th 1805 in house no. 45 and Emperor Franz II. In the office building. The latter met the next day under a linden tree near the Spálený mlýn mill with Napoleon Bonaparte to agree an armistice. On August 30, 1824 Ernestine Countess Schaffgotsch bought the Allodgut Zaroschitz with the associated villages Zaroschitz, Rosenthal and Straßeendorf from the kk sales commission. In 1834, 974 people lived in the 181 houses in the village.

After the abolition of patrimonial Žarošice / Scharoschitz formed from 1850 with the districts Strandorf / Straßendorf and Zdravá Voda / Rosenthal a municipality in the district administration Gaya and the judicial district Steinitz . In the 19th century, the princes of Liechtenstein acquired the property and held it until 1923. In 1906, construction of the 26 km long railway line Čejč – Ždánice , which opened in 1908, began south of the village . After the Okres Kyjov was abolished, the place was assigned to the Okres Hodonín in 1960. In 1998, passenger transport on the Čejč – Ždánice railway line was discontinued and the section between Uhřice and Ždánice was completely closed in 2006.

Every year on the Golden Saturday on the second weekend in September, the great pilgrimage takes place in Žarošice, to which around 5000 guests come.

Community structure

The municipality Žarošice consists of the districts Silničná ( street village ), Žarošice ( Scharoschitz ) and Zdravá Voda ( Rosenthal ).

Attractions

  • Church of St. Anna, built 1800–1801 instead of a previous building that burned down in 1797. The old church, which has been documented since 1326, burned down in 1510 and 1634. During the Thirty Years War, the church was ruined by the Swedes in 1645. In 1663 the Turks ravaged the church. Ten years later she was severely damaged by a lightning strike. In 1683 the church suffered severe damage when the Turks invaded again. At the beginning of the 18th century the old church was demolished. The new building, consecrated on August 9, 1731, was destroyed 66 years later, together with the rectory, in a major fire. For the reconstruction that took place in 1801, the pilgrimage church of the Mariä Wiegenfest in the vineyards was demolished as building material.
  • The Gothic statue of the Old Mother of God from Žarošice in the Church of St. Anne comes from the pilgrimage church of the Virgin Mary in the vineyards, which was closed in 1785. The figure, which was probably carved and painted in wood by an unknown artist in the monastery of Velehrad and Old Brno, was donated to the church in 1330 by Queen Elisabeth Richza. The Madonna was crowned in 1995 in the Basilica of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary in Svatý Kopeček by Pope John Paul II
  • Local history museum, established in 1960
  • Office building, built in 1699
  • The chapel and cross on the former grave of Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen in Silničná, the son-in-law of Marshal Kutuzov, died in the inn from his injuries sustained during the Battle of Austerlitz . His body was transferred to Reval in 1806 .
  • Chapel in Zdravá Voda
  • Remains of the Gothic Kepkov Castle, the Konůvky fortress and the extinct village of Konůvky, north in Ždánický les in the valley of the Křižanovický brook, archaeological sites
  • Remains of the fortress Klasov, north in Ždánický les in the valley of the Klasovký brook
  • Commemorative plaque on Janův Dvůr for the meeting of two emperors in 1805. The plaque made of Swedish syenite in 1900 commemorates the meeting between Napoleon Bonaparte and Emperor Franz II on December 4, 1805 after the battle of Austerlitz under a linden tree near the At that time the mill Spálený mlýn to negotiate peace.

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Rudolf Malík (1875–1969), politician, member of the Imperial Council
  • Zdeněk Blažek (1905–1988), composer
  • Karel Bělohoubek (1942–2016), composer and musician
  • Jiří Vlach (* 1946), sculptor and medalist

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ L. Hošák, R. Šrámek, Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku I, Academia, Praha 1970, II, Academia, Praha 1980th

Web links