Minoru Yamasaki

Minoru Yamasaki (born December 1, 1912 in Seattle , Washington , USA ; † February 6, 1986 in Detroit , Michigan ) was an American architect . The World Trade Center in New York was one of his most famous projects .

Life

He studied architecture from 1930 at the University of Washington (BA 1934) and then at the University of New York . He initially worked for the Shreve, Lamb and Harmon bureau . In 1945 he moved to Detroit, where he was employed by Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls ; In 1949 he left the company and founded his own office. In 1960 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 1982 to the American Academy of Arts and Letters .

Through his travels he developed a style that was influenced by Indian and Japanese influences. In 1961 he was responsible for the design of the Dhahran Air Terminal . Five years later his most famous design, the World Trade Center, was realized in New York . Minoru Yamasaki suffered from fear of heights.

meaning

The architect Yamasaki was, along with other large buildings (see below), both the planner of the New York World Trade Center and the Pruitt-Igoe social estate in St. Louis (completed in 1956). The latter was destroyed comparatively shortly after it was built in 1972 : It was deliberately blown up because the social structure had disintegrated to such an extent that no other solution to save the district seemed in sight. The demolition of the settlement was taken as a beacon of so-called functionalist modernity in the film Koyaanisqatsi as an occasion for contemporary critical consideration, as well as one of the reference objects in Tom Wolfe's From Bauhaus To Our House , in which the author formulates a devastating criticism of architectural modernity . The culturally critical term “Einstürzende Neubauten” refers primarily to the pictures from the well-documented demolition measure of the Pruitt Igoe settlement. The architecture critic and historian Charles Jencks in his programmatic essay The Language of Post-Modern Architecture dates the end of modernism to the moment when the first three building complexes in the Pruitt-Igoe residential area in St. Louis were blown up in 1972.

plant

Buildings in the United States

Start of planning ; construction time	State city	address	image	object	measure	Remarks
1950 ; around 1955	Missouri St. Louis	Cass Avenue, North Jefferson Avenue, Carr Street, North 20th Street location	more pictures	Pruitt-Igoe (social housing)	New building (client: City of St. Louis)	Blasted 1972–1976
1951	Michigan Detroit	160 West Fort Street location	(Cultivation in the background)	Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building	Cultivation	Abandoned by the Federal Reserve in 2004
1951 ; 1956	Missouri St. Louis	Lambert International Boulevard location	more pictures	St. Louis Airport : Terminal	New building
1951 ; 1952-1955	Missouri Overland, St. Louis County	9700 Page Avenue location		Military Personnel Records Center	New building (client: Department of Defense )
around 1954	Michigan Grosse Pointe Woods, Wayne County	1045 Cook Road location		Grosse Pointe University School: two school buildings, gym, auditorium, library and "fine arts rooms"	New building	today "University Liggett School"
1955	Michigan Royal Oak	422 West 11 Mile Road location		"Land's Pharmacy" (pharmacy)	New building	after 2008 rebuilt as the headquarters for an advertising agency
1955	Michigan Detroit	19631 Argyle Crescent location		Home for S. Brooks and Florence Barron	New building
1955	Michigan Grosse Pointe Farms, Wayne County	61 Grosse Pointe Boulevard	photo	Christ Church of Grosse Pointe Farms: Education Building	New building	canceled before 2000
1955 ; 1958	Michigan Detroit	495 Ferry Mall location	more pictures	Wayne State University : McGregor Memorial Conference Center	New building	Registered Historic Place
1955 ; 1959	Michigan Southfield	16000 Northland Drive location		Reynolds Metals Regional Sales Office	New building	Received an “Honor Award” from the American Institute of Architects in 1961
until 1956	Michigan Livonia			Lincoln Elementary School	New building	canceled
1957	Michigan Warren	5005 Chicago Road location		First United Methodist Church	New building
1957	Michigan West Country	2601 Treadwell location		Albert Schweitzer Elementary School	New building
1958	Michigan Detroit	245 East Kirby Street location	("Yamasaki Building" left)	Society for Arts and Crafts (art college; since 2001 "College for Creative Studies")	New building	now called "Yamasaki Building"
1958	Michigan Detroit	22470 West Seven Mile Road location		Headquarters of the "American Concrete Institute" (ACI)	New building	Abandoned by the ACI in 1996
1958 ; 1963	Michigan Detroit	1 Woodward Avenue location	more pictures	Headquarters of the "Michigan Consolidated Gas Company"	New building	today "One Woodward Avenue"
1958-1959	Michigan Bloomfield Hills	38651 Woodward Avenue location		Birmingham Unitarian Church	New building
until 1959	Michigan Wayne	33555 Annapolis Street location		Benjamin Franklin Junior High School (now "Franklin Middle School")	New building	Received an “Award of Merit” (1959) from the American Institute of Architects
1959 ; 1962	Washington Seattle	200 2nd Avenue North location	more pictures	Federal Science Pavilion for the Century 21 Exposition	New building	today science museum "Pacific Science Center"
1959 ; 1960-1961	Minnesota Northfield	215 Goodsell Circle location		Carleton College : Olin Hall of Science	New building
1959 ; 1961	Minnesota Northfield	Olin Dr location		Carleton College : Student residence for women ("Myers Hall"; built 1958)	Increase
1959 ; 1962	Minnesota Northfield	Three Oaks Drive / Olin Dr location		Carleton College : Student Dormitory for Men ("Goodhue Hall")	New building
1959 ; 1964	Minnesota Northfield	Division Street location		Carleton College : West High School (gym)	New building
1959 ; 1965	Minnesota Northfield	Evans Dr location		Carleton College : Gym ("Cowling Recreation Center")	New building
1959 ; 1965	Minnesota Northfield	Maple Street location		Carleton College : Student Dormitory for Women ("Watson Hall")	New building
1959 ; 1964	Hawaii Honolulu	Lunanilo Fly location		Queen Emma Gardens (residential complex made up of three high-rise buildings)	New building (client: Honolulu Redevelopment Agency)
1959 ; 1964	Illinois Glencoe	1185 Sheridan Road location		North Shore Congregation Israel ( Synagogue )	New building
1960	Michigan West Country	35100 Bayview Street		John Marshall Middle School	New building
1959-1961	Michigan East Lansing	120 West Saginaw Street location	more pictures	Headquarters of the "Michigan State Medical Society"	New building	Registered Historic Place and "Michigan Historical Site"
around 1959; 1962-1964	Michigan Detroit	5201, 5203 Cass Avenue location	more pictures	Wayne State University : "Prentis Building" and "DeRoy Auditorium" (connected building complex)	New building	Registered Historic Place
1960	Michigan Houghton	Woodmar Drive location		Michigan Technological University : Dormitory for Married Students ("Sheldon Heights")	New building	today "Daniell Heights"
1960	Michigan Detroit	5425 Gullen Mall location		Wayne State University : College of Education	New building
1961 ; 1964	Minnesota Minneapolis	20 Washington Avenue South location		Northwestern National Life Insurance Company	New building	today "ING Reliastar Building"
1961 ; 1965	New Jersey Princeton	location	more pictures	Princeton University : Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs ("Robertson Hall")	New building
1961 ; 1966	California Los Angeles	2025 Avenue of the Stars location		Century Plaza Hotel in Century City	New building (client: Western International Hotels )	now a Hyatt Regency hotel
1962 ; 1964	Washington Seattle	1200 Fifth Avenue location	more pictures	Office building for IBM	New building (client: University of Washington )
1962 ; 1968-1971	New York New York	West Street / Liberty Street location	more pictures	World Trade Center : WTC 1 + 2 ("Twin Towers": "North Tower" and "South Tower") including plaza ("World Trade Center Plaza")	New building (with Emery Roth & Sons ; client: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey )	Destroyed in 2001
1962 ; 1970-1972	New York New York	Vesey Street / Church Street location	(after the 2001 destruction)	World Trade Center : WTC 5 ("Northeast Plaza Building")	New building (with Emery Roth & Sons ; client: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey )	Partially destroyed in 2001 and broken off in 2002
1962 ; 1970-1973	New York New York	West Street / Vesey Street location	(after the 2001 destruction) more pictures	World Trade Center : WTC 6 for the "United States Customs Service" (customs authority)	New building (with Emery Roth & Sons ; client: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey )	Destroyed in 2001
1962 ; 1970-1975	New York New York	Liberty Street / Church Street location		World Trade Center : WTC 4 ("Southeast Plaza Building")	New building (with Emery Roth & Sons ; client: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey )	Destroyed in 2001
1963	Ohio Oberlin	77 West College Street location	more pictures	Oberlin College : "Bibbins Hall" for the Oberlin Conservatory of Music (music conservatory)	New building
1963	Indiana Indianapolis	4600 Sunset Avenue location	more pictures	Butler University Library (1965 in "Irwin Library" named)	New building
1963	Massachusetts Cambridge	33 Kirkland Street location		Harvard University : Behavioral Sciences Building ("William James Hall")	New building
1963 ; 1967	New York Buffalo	1 M&T Plaza location	more pictures	Headquarters of the "Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company" (M&T Bank)	New building (with Duane Lyman)
1965; 1969	Massachusetts Boston	1 Harborside Drive location		Logan International Airport : Terminal for Eastern Air Lines (Terminal A)	New building	Canceled in 2002
1965-1968	California San Francisco	1610 Geary Boulevard location		Japanese Cultural and Trade Center ( shopping mall ) in Japantown	New building	today called "Japan Center"
1966	Ohio Oberlin	10 North Professor St Location	more pictures	Oberlin College : "King Building" (teaching building)	New building
1966	Michigan West Country	7420 Wayne Road location		Quo Vadis Entertainment Center (cinema)	New building	Canceled in 2011
1967	Michigan Troy	250 West Big Beaver Road location		Minoru Yamasaki and Associates Office (office building for Yamasaki's architectural firm)	New building
1968	Hawaii Honolulu	1350 Ala Moana Boulevard location		Residential high-rise (condominiums)	New building
1968; 1973	Illinois Springfield	1 Horace Mann Plaza location		Headquarters of “Horace Mann Educators”, insurance company	New building
1968; 1974	Michigan Bloomfield Township	7400 Telegraph Road location		Temple Beth-El ( synagogue and community center)	New building
1968; 1975	California Los Angeles	2029, 2049 Century Park East location		Century Plaza Towers in Century City	New building (client: Alcoa )
1969; 1974	Colorado Denver	950 17th Street location	more pictures	office building	New building (client: Colorado National Bank)	today "US Bank Tower"
1971; 1978	Virginia Richmond	701 East Byrd Street location		Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond	New building
1972	Michigan Highland Park, Wayne County		photo	Walter Chrysler Building in the "Chrysler Center" ( Chrysler headquarters )	New building
1972	Illinois Chicago	535 West Chicago Avenue location		Montgomery Ward Company Complex: "The Montgomery" (high-rise)	New building	2005–2006 converted into condominiums (changing the facade)
1972	Michigan Bloomfield Township	3717 Lakecrest Drive location		House for the Yamasaki couple	New building	Registered Historic Place
1972; 1977	Oklahoma Tulsa	1 Williams Center location	more pictures	Williams Center: Headquarters of the "Bank of Oklahoma" ("Bank of Oklahoma Tower")	New building (client: Williams Companies )	today mostly “BOK Tower”; Headquarters of the BOK Financial Corporation
1972; 1977	Washington Seattle	1301 Fifth Avenue location	more pictures	"Rainier (Bank) Tower" for the "National Bank of Commerce" (from 1974 "Rainier Bank")	New building (with NBBJ; client: University Properties Inc.)
1973; 1976	Oklahoma Tulsa	110 E 2nd Street location		Williams Center: Tulsa Performing Arts Center	New building (client: PACI)
1976	Pennsylvania Lancaster	415 Harrisburg Avenue location		Franklin & Marshall College: "Steinman College Center" (named 1978)	New building
1979-1981	Minnesota Minneapolis	100 Washington Avenue South location	more pictures	"100 Washington Square" office building	New building	today part of the " ING Reliastar Complex"
1982	Ohio Toledo	640 Jackson Street location		One Government Center (high-rise, government building)	New building	1986 named "Michael DiSalle Government Center"

Buildings in other states

Start of planning ; construction time	State city	address	image	object	measure	Remarks
1955	Japan Kobe			United States Consulate	New building	not serving as a consulate since the 1980s
1959 ; 1959	India New Delhi			"United States Pavilion" for the "World Agricultural Fair"	New building (client: Department of Commerce )	reduced
1959 ; 1961	Saudi Arabia Dhahran	King Saud Road location		Dhahran International Airport: Terminal ("Dhahran Air Terminal")	New (Client: United States Army Corps of Engineers )	Motif on Saudi Arabian banknotes ; today "King Abdulaziz Air Base" of the Royal Saudi Air Force
1961 ; 1966-1967	Canada Regina	3737 Wascana Parkway location		Park “Wascana Center” with the adjacent Regina campus of the University of Saskatchewan (University of Regina since 1974)	Master plan including drafts for classroom building, laboratory and library ( see below )	The teaching building and laboratory have only been preserved in a changed condition
until 1962 ; 1967 – around 1980	Iran Shiraz	location	more pictures	Pahlavi University (since 1979 "Shiraz University")	Master plan
1967	Canada Regina	3737 Wascana Parkway location		University of Saskatchewan , Campus Regina (University of Regina since 1974): library	New building	since 1999 “Dr. John Archer Library "
1973 ; 1981	Saudi Arabia Riyadh	3896 Ma'ather street location		Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency	New building
1975 ; 1983 ff.	Saudi Arabia Dammam	King Fahd Road location	more pictures	King Fahd International Airport (working title "Eastern Province International Airport")	New building (client: Ministry of Defense and Civil Aviation )	opened in 1999
1978 ; 1982	Japan Shiga prefecture	location		"Founder's Hall" for Shinji Shūmeikai	New building
1979	Japan Tokyo	1-1-50 Shirokanedai location	more pictures	Radisson Miyako Hotel	New building (interior designer: Togo Murano )	extensively rebuilt after 2000; today " Sheraton Miyako Hotel"
1980 ; 1982-1988	Spain Madrid	Paseo de la Castellana location	more pictures	Torre Picasso in the AZCA	New building (with Jorge Mir Valls and Rafael Coll Pujol)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Members: Minoru Yamasaki. American Academy of Arts and Letters, accessed May 5, 2019 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac} Minoru Yamasaki: A life in architecture . 1st edition, Weatherhill, New York 1979, ISBN 0-8348-0136-1 .
3. ^ The National Personnel Records Center - A History , National Archives
4. ^ History of Liggett ( February 3, 2014 memento in the Internet Archive ), University Liggett School
5. ↑ Historic Royal Oak Landmark Houses Growing Advertising Agency ( September 21, 2013 memento in the Internet Archive ), Know Advertising, January 23, 2013
6. ^ S. Brooks and Florence Barron House ( February 3, 2014 memento on the Internet Archive ), Michigan Modern
7. ↑ Dale Allen Gyure: Yamasaki's Most Important Architecture In & Around Detroit , Curbed, August 1, 2013
8. ↑ ^{a b c d} Minoru Yamasaki - Architecture in Michigan , Michigan Modern
9. ^ A Brief History And Tour of Christ Church Grosse Pointe ( Memento of January 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Christ Church Grosse Point
10. ↑ Graduate students help Southfield with Mid-Century Modern design guidelines - Tech News ( Memento February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Lawrence Technological University, September 14, 2011
11. ↑ ^{a b c d} The National Cyclopædia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as Illustrated in the Lives of the Founder, Builders, and Defenders of the Republic, and of the Men and Women who are Doing the Work and Molding the Thought of the Present Time , JT White, 1964, p. 749.
12. ^ Current Biography Yearbook, Volume 23 , HW Wilson Co., 1962, p. 47.
13. ^ State Historic Preservation Office, Michigan Historical Center, Michigan Department of History, Arts and Libraries: An Honor and an Ornament: Public School Buildings in Michigan , September 2003
14. ^ Facilities - Yamasaki Building , College for Creative Studies
15. ^ American Concrete Institute Building ( Memento dated February 3, 2014 on the Internet Archive ), Michigan Modern
16. ^ American Concrete Institute , Michigan Modern
17. ^ UUA Congregational Record
18. ↑ Interview with Minoru Yamasaki about Franklin Junior High School ( Memento from January 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), approx. August 1959 [Archives of American Art]
19. ↑ Historic Campus Architecture Project - Olin Hall of Science , The Council of Independent Colleges
20. ^ ^{A b c d e} Facilities Management - Historical Building Information , Carleton College
21. ↑ Historic Campus Architecture Project - West Gymnasium ( Memento February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), The Council of Independent Colleges
22. ↑ Michigan State Medical Society Building ( February 3, 2014 memento on the Internet Archive ), Michigan Modern
23. ^ Michigan Technological University, Sheldon Heights (Daniell Heights) - Michigan Tech , Copper Country Architects
24. ^ The WSU Yamasaki Legacy - College of Education , Wayne State University
25. ↑ 50 Years of Irwin Library 1963–2013 ( February 1, 2014 memento in the Internet Archive ), Butler University Libraries
26. ↑ Margaret Henderson Floyd (ed.); Bainbridge Bunting: Harvard: An Architectural History , Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 239.
27. ^ The Department of Psychology - William James Hall ( Memento November 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Harvard University
28. ^ Western Addition A-1 ( Memento January 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Successor Agency to the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency
29. ^ Japan Better Neighborhood Plan - Japan Center , San Francisco Planning Department
30. ^ Facility Detail - King Building ( Memento January 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Oberlin College
31. ^ Quo Vadis Theater , Michigan Modern
32. ↑ Entry on 1350 Ala Moana Boulevard at Emporis (English)
33. ^ The Board's Bulletin Board , 1350 Ala Moana Boulevard, August 2, 2010
34. ↑ Entry about The Montgomery at Emporis (English)
35. ^ Understated tower makes for fine homes , Chicago Tribune News, April 2, 2005
36. ↑ The Montgomery ( Memento of 2 February 2014 Internet Archive ), Pappageorge Haymes Partners
37. ^ Minoru and Teruko Yamasaki House , Michigan Modern
38. ^ History of Unico
39. ^ Steinman College Center , Franklin & Marshall College
40. ↑ Entry on 100 Washington Square at Emporis (English)
41. ↑ Entry on Michael DiSalle Government Center at Emporis (English)
42. ^ Richard G. Zimmerman: Call Me Mike: A Political Biography of Michael V. DiSalle , Kent State University Press, 2003, p. 282.
43. ^ The Japan Architect , Vol. 60, Shinkenchiku-Sha Co., 1985, p. 4.
44. ↑ Alex Kerr: Lost Japan , ISBN 978-0-86442-370-2 , p. 233
45. ^ The Iranian History Article: Foundation of Shiraz University
46. ↑ The National Cyclopædia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as Illustrated in the Lives of the Founders, Builders, and Defenders of the Republic, and of the Men and Women who are Doing the Work and Molding the Thought of the Present Time , JT White, 1964, p. 749.
47. ^ Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 1963
48. ↑ Eyewitness Travel Tokyo ( Memento of February 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) , Dorling Kindersley Limited, London 2010, ISBN 978-0-7566-6203-5 , p. 116.
49. ↑ ^{a b} Michael Webb: Radisson Miyako Tokyo: The Japanese Modernist Structure Rediscovers Its Cultural Roots, Restoration Architecture by Minoru Yamasaki / Interior Design by Hirsch Bedner Associates . In: Architectural Digest , January 2004

Remarks

1. ↑ if only one year is given: year of completion
2. ↑ Structural engineer: Alfred A. Yee
3. ^ University Properties, Inc.
4. ^ Structural planning: Magnusson Klemencic Associates , Leslie E. Robertson ; Geotechnical Engineers: Engineering Department of the Port Authority; General contractor: Tishman Realty & Construction
5. ^ Structural planning: Magnusson Klemencic Associates
6. ↑ A few floors were planned as a future expansion of the neighboring bank headquarters.
7. ↑ Structural design: Magnusson Klemencic Associates
8. ↑ handed over to the City of Tulsa after completion of the building
9. ↑ if only one year is given: year of completion

Web links

Commons : Minoru Yamasaki  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry in the Washington encyclopedia HistoryLink (English)
• Minoru Yamasaki. In: arch INFORM .
• Yamasaki website in English, Newyorkcity Architecture.com
• ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Pruitt Igoe - Icon of Failure? Reception of the US social housing project ) (PDF file; 62 kB)

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap