Nerchinsk

city Nerchinsk Nerchinsk flag coat of arms Federal district far East region Transbaikalia Rajon Nerchinsk Founded 1658 City since 1689 surface 100  km² population 14,959 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 150 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 470  m Time zone UTC + 9 Telephone code (+7) 30242 Post Code 673400 License Plate 75, 80 OKATO 76 228 501 Geographical location Coordinates 51 ° 59 '  N , 116 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 59 '0 "  N , 116 ° 35' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Transbaikalia region

List of cities in Russia

Nerchinsk ( Russian: Нерчинск ) is a city in the Transbaikalia region ( Russia ) with 14,959 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The city is located in the northern foothills of the Borschtschowotschnygebirge in Transbaikalia , about 300 km east of the regional capital Chita , on the left bank of the Nertscha , 7 km above its confluence with the Shilka .

The city of Nerchinsk is the administrative center of the raion of the same name .

history

1653 built a Cossack troop under Pyotr Beketov (about 1610-1656) on the right bank of the Shilka, opposite the mouth of the Nercha, one Ostrog named Neljudski . The village of Monastyrskoje , now Kalinino , was later located here . In 1658 the Ostrog was relocated up the Nertscha, to an island between two arms of the river, by the Jenisseisker voivode Afanassi Paschkow († 1664). From 1689 the resulting settlement was called "City". In the same year the Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed , which regulated relations and the border course in Transbaikalia between Russia and China (the Manchurian of the Qing dynasty ) for the next 150 years. In 1697 a customs post was set up for the export of skins to China. Since then, fleeing serf farmers have been settled in the area with the aim of colonization.

From 1708 Nerchinsk belonged to the Siberian governorate , from 1719 to the Tobolsk province , from 1764 to the Irkutsk governorate . In 1783 the city becomes the administrative center of an independent oblast within the Irkutsk governorate. In 1812, due to frequent floods, the city was relocated to a higher location on the left bank of the river, in the Saschikow Yar valley . The construction of the new city followed a regular plan with wide streets parallel to the Nertscha. From 1822 Nerchinsk became a district town in the Irkutsk Governorate, and from 1851 in the newly founded Transbaikalia Oblast .

In 1866 the Nertschinsk merchants Butin began to exploit the gold deposits near Vershino-Darasunskoye. With funds from the merchants, a women's high school, a music school, a pharmacy, a printing shop and a larger library were set up. Towards the end of the 19th century there were 727 houses, three stone churches, a synagogue, several schools, a museum and a public park. Nerchinsk was thus an important cultural and trading center of Eastern Siberia, but lost its leading role to Chita in the course of the 19th century. Nerchinsk was also a place of exile for political prisoners from 1826 to 1917 ( Nerchinsk Katorga ).

Population development

year	Residents
1897	6,639
1926	6,500
1939	13,169
1959	13,500
1970	13,376
1979	16,937
1989	16,961
2002	15,748
2010	14,959

Note: census data (1926 rounded)

Culture and sights

Larger parts of the development according to the plan from 1812 have been preserved, such as the classicist Resurrection Cathedral (Woskressenski sobor) from 1825 and the former building of the trading ranks (1840) on the central bazaar square , the house of the Butin merchants in the Moorish style (1860s) , the Hotel Daurija (2nd half of the 19th century), where u. a. Anton Chekhov stopped on his trip to Sakhalin Island in 1890, as well as wooden houses from the 19th century.

From older buildings in the village of Kalinino, 8 km away (where the original Nertschinsk Ostrog was located), the main church of the Nertschinsk-Dormition Monastery (Uspensky Monastery) from 1706-1712 has been preserved in a half-destroyed state. It is the easternmost example of the so-called Moscow Baroque and possibly the oldest Russian stone structure east of Lake Baikal and is therefore to be rebuilt.

Nerchinsk has a local history museum founded in 1886 by the archaeologist, local researcher and revolutionary Alexei Kuznetsov (1845–1928), including a collection of Buddhist art and Chinese bronze works (since 2003 in the restored Butin House).

Economy and Infrastructure

The economy is determined by mechanical engineering and the food industry.

The Trans-Siberian Railway passes 7 km south of the city ( Priiskowaja station , from which a freight connection line leads into the city; route km 6490 from Moscow ). Nerchinsk is the junction of several roads (to Sretensk , Balei , Aginskoje , Chernyshevsk ) and has a small airport.

sons and daughters of the town

• Andrei Sepelew (* 1973), basketball player

See also

• List of cities in the Transbaikalia region

Web links

Commons : Nerchinsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• City history (Russian)
• Nerchinsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Andrei Sepelew on spartakbasket.ru (Russian)