Horní Slavkov
| Horní Slavkov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Karlovarský kraj | ||||
| District : | Sokolov | ||||
| Area : | 3685.6563 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 8 ' N , 12 ° 48' E | ||||
| Height: | 558 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,414 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 357 31 | ||||
| License plate : | K | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Alexandr Terek (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Dlouhá 634/12 357 31 Horní Slavkov |
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| Municipality number: | 560367 | ||||
| Website : | www.hornislavkov.cz | ||||
| Location of Horní Slavkov in the Sokolov district | |||||
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Horní Slavkov (German Schlaggenwald ) is a town in Okres Sokolov in Karlovarský kraj in the Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in western Bohemia about 15 kilometers southwest of Karlovy Vary in the spa town triangle Karlovy Vary, Marienbad and Franzensbad in a basin of the Slavkovský les nature reserve . To the west rises the three peaks of the Krudum (838 m).
City structure
No districts are shown for the town of Horní Slavkov. Basic settlement units are Bošířany ( Poschitzau ), Horní Slavkov-Staré město, Kfely ( Gfell ), Kounice, Ležnice ( Leßnitz ), Ležnička ( Forehead ), Na dole, Průmyslový obvod, Průmyslový obvodítlišd, Sídlištětě III Sídliště IV, Třídomí ( three houses ) and Údolí I.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Bošířany, Horní Slavkov, Kfely u Horního Slavkova, Ležnice, Ležnička and Třídomí.
history
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Due to the occurrence of ores , the Boier settled in the area before the beginning of our era . In 1202 what was then Auerbach was first mentioned in a document. The village was given the name Schlakkowald around 1333 from the founder Slackko von Riesenburg . In 1300 the place was elevated to a city due to the need for labor in the tin mines and the growing population.
Earlier forms of the name of the place were also Schlackenwalde or Slawkenwalde .
Messrs. Pflugk von Rabenstein , who built the Kaspar-Pflugk-Erbstollen to keep the ore mines free of water, made a special contribution to the place . In 1547 the Bohemian King and later Emperor Ferdinand I had the Pflugk property confiscated; Schlaggenwald became an imperial free mountain town . After the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, the return to the Catholic faith began. In the great fire of 1713, 76 houses fell victim to the flames, including St. Anne's Church and the hospital. In 1742 the French occupied Schlaggenwald. In 1909 the steam power plant started generating electricity . At the end of the First World War Schlaggenwald had 3305 inhabitants, 39 of them Czech .
After the First World War , Schlaggenwald was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia . Due to the Munich Agreement of 1938 place came to the German Reich and was until 1945 the district Elbogen , Region of Eger , in the Reich District of Sudetenland .
The town's German citizens were expropriated and driven out in 1945 .
After 1950, large parts of the city's Renaissance buildings were demolished . After 1950 there was a generous expansion of tin production. A new district was built north of the old town for the miners. Built in the style of late Stalinist urban planning , comparatively elaborately designed houses are grouped around a cultural center decorated with miners' reliefs. There is a Czech-German meeting center in the city.
Population development
Until 1945 Schlaggenwald was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1785 | k. A. | 456 houses |
| 1830 | 3554 | in 543 houses |
| 1847 | 4011 | in 546 houses, including eight Protestant families |
| 1900 | 4072 | German residents |
| 1921 | 3344 | including 3269 Germans |
| 1930 | 3288 | |
| 1939 | 3062 |
| year | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 5478 | 6106 | 6101 | 5972 | 5818 |
Town twinning
Culture and sights
- One-nave church of St. George
- museum
- Gothic bell from 1540.
- Baroque hospital church of St. Anne , built in 1728 on old foundations.
- A walled place of execution on the 626 m high Gallows Hill (šibeniční vrch) north of the town with the town's coat of arms , three high stone steles and an annual chronicle from 1598. The complex is said to be dated around 1500.
- "Plow House" (Pluhův dům), town house of the noble family of plow , early Renaissance with blind arch gables , built 1510-1512, street Pluhová no. 497th
Economy and Infrastructure
Around the 12th century, the forest landscape at that time flourished with the beginning of mining , in which up to 200 workers were employed, and trade. The mining of tin began at the beginning of the 14th century . In 1792 the first porcelain factory was founded in Bohemia, later a button factory and a wool weaving mill were added. The area is rich in tin, tungsten , silver , bronze , lead , uranium , peat , stones for construction and semi-precious stones . There are also mineral water springs nearby.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Kaspar Brusch (1518–1559), humanist, theologian, historian and poet
- Christoph Crinesius (1584–1629), orientalist and university professor
- Johann Friedrich Hacker (1666–1697), forest rider and mountain master
- Georg Haas von Hasenfels (1841–1914), industrialist
- Hans Heidler (1927-2016), German politician (FDP / DVP, CDU)
Personalities who have worked in this city
- Sigismund Scherertz (1584–1639), clergyman and writer, local pastor
- Elias Dollhopf (1703–1773), baroque painter. He worked here and was councilor and mayor
- Johann Czjzek von Smidaich (1841–1925), industrialist, porcelain manufacturer
- Milan Augustin (* 1960), archivist and historian, worked in the town as an educator
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/560367/Horni-Slavkov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/560367/Obec-Horni-Slavkov
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/560367/Obec-Horni-Slavkov
- ^ Johann Thaddäus Anton Peithner von Lichtenfels : Attempt on the natural and political history of the Bohemian and Moravian mines . Vienna 1780, pp. 66-69, § 73.
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Ellbogner Kreis , Prague 1785, pp. 155–159, item 1) .
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature. Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 199, point 3).
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, pp. 257-265, especially p. 262.
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 825.
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Elbogen district (Czech: Loket). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Czech population statistics
- ↑ Horní Slavkov - popraviště na Šibeničním vrchu (Gallows Hill) on turistika.cz (Czech website)
- ^ Monuments and monument zones of the Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic, Publishing House Region Karlovy Vary, 1st edition 2005, p. 23 with illustration
- ↑ Monuments and monument zones of the Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic, Publishing House Region Karlovy Vary, 1st edition 2005, p. 22