Silesian (German dialect)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Silesian,
Silesian dialects, Silesian dialects ( or Silesian dialect, Silesian dialect)

Spoken in

Silesia in Germany , the Czech Republic and Poland
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in -
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

gem (other Germanic languages)

ISO 639-3

sli

Dialects (of Silesian) in Silesia
    Former Central German language area: No. 27 = Silesian.
Map of dialect areas Upper Lusatia (the Silesian- Lusatian dialect is referred to as Ostlausitzisch )
De Waber (dialect edition)
Text example from Katscher in phonetic transcription with translation
In Breslau, the clock of the Barbarakirche, which strikes first, is called Kiesselseeger . When she beat, the dumplings were pickled.

Silesian (own name: Schläsisch or Schläs'sch, compressed also Schlä'sch , Schläsch ) is a dialect group of East Central German that was spoken in Silesia and the neighboring areas of North Bohemia and North Moravia . After the westward shift of Poland and the expulsion of most German-speaking inhabitants of Silesia, North Bohemia and North Moravia it is today only a minority in Upper Silesia and isolated in Lower Silesia , the Oberlausitz and the Diaspora spoken.

General, distribution and characteristics

Silesian dialects were spoken by around seven million people until 1945. The former Prussian province of Silesia formed the center of a larger linguistic landscape.

Silesian can be divided into the following groups and dialects:

The dialects in Silesia are documented in Walther Mitzka's Silesian Dictionary and in Günter Bellmann's Silesian Language Atlas .

The envious dialects were common in the north of Lower Silesia around Grünberg (Silesia) , Glogau and Fraustadt . Mountain Silesian dialects, with the exception of the Lusatian Mountains and the Glatzer Land, were spoken throughout the Sudetes and their northern foothills - this also includes the Giant Mountains spoken on the Bohemian side of the mountains around Trautenau as well as areas in North Moravia and Moravian Silesia . The herb dialect is the transition between mountain Silesian and Neiderland and was widespread in the Wroclaw area, in Wroclaw itself a similar city dialect was spoken. Glätzisch was essentially limited to the area of ​​the old County of Glatz and was enclosed by the mountainous Silesian region, but also separated by the distinctive mountain ranges . The distribution area of ​​the dialect of Brieg - Grottkauer Land extends between Breslau and Opole . To the east of it, mainly in urban language islands such as Gleiwitz , Beuthen OS , Königshütte , Guttentag , Pless , Bielitz and Kattowitz, Upper Silesian was mainly spoken.

The Lower Silesian-speaking area was completely in the displacement area after the Second World War. In the remainder of the Prussian province of Silesia west of the Lusatian Neisse ( Görlitz and surroundings) that remained with Germany, German is spoken unchanged . Since this area (parts of Upper Lusatia ) only belonged to the Prussian province of Silesia from 1815 and was not part of historical Silesia , Lusatian dialects were or are spoken there. Silesian and Lusatian formed a common dialect group within East Central German , similar to Thuringian-Upper Saxon . In the extreme south of the Lausitz around Zittau , Upper Lusatian is spoken, which has similarities with the mountain Silesian. The dialects in the language island Schönhengstgau on the Bohemian-Moravian border, which were only separated from the contiguous German-speaking area by a narrow Czech-speaking strip, are also related to mountain Silesian, but were mainly influenced by Bavarian and are therefore already considered Upper German dialects. Furthermore, the Silesian also emerged from the High Prussian in East Prussia .

In Upper Silesia before 1945 around two thirds of the population spoke Upper Silesian, the dialect of the Brieg-Grottkauer Land and Mountain Silesian. Since the German language was forbidden in the communist era and its use in public was also punished, the dialect could often not be passed on orally to other generations. Since part of the local population was not displaced there, according to the Polish census of 2002, around 200,000 people still use Silesian.

In the lexicon of Silesian, the Central German language substrate dominates, whereby similarities with Southwest German dialect expressions are striking (Gusche - Gosch). Another source is borrowings from West Slavic and Polish .

German dramatists who used the Silesian dialect in their plays were Andreas Gryphius and Gerhart Hauptmann .

Typical Silesian words

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
word meaning Remarks
ahle gake old goose as a swear word
ahn Böhm, ahn Bemm Ten pfennig also: Biemageige (penny violin)
Brinkel (e) Crumbs, piece Brinkele make bread
Celebration hooks, lump hooks Poker
Jelly brawn Food; see. polish galaretka
Gush, Gosche mouth
Guschla Mouth Diminutive
fumble around looking around, rummaging around
Herzebrinkel Heart leaf
Jeronje Curse like: "oh God, oh goodness gracious," today in the Polish dialect of the region Śląsk used
Jingla Boy
Jungaohs naughty boy
huddle slide on the ice
Kascher Fly
Castrull Casserole
slap smack
Klassla, Kleßln Dumplings see. Franconian (regional) Glass and Mohkleßln " Dessert with poppy seeds for Christmas"
Koochmannla Chanterelles
coke play with fire
Kretscham (Village) inn see. Sorbian korčma
Kretschmer Innkeeper
krewatschlich, kriwatschig messy, weird see. polish krzywy "oblique"
Kucha cake
babble babble meanwhile entered the German colloquial language
Lorke weak coffee, Muckefuck
Lork, Lerke Bitch
Lotschen, Potschen Slippers Lacie, today in the Polish dialect of the region Śląsk used
Luhsche puddle see. Polish kałuża "puddle"
Madla girl Plural: Madla
Sea drives Carrot, carrot
Muppa, muppets mouth
Mutzl Endearing word
nerrsch crazy, foolish
Noodle bowl Rolling pin
Top drives (r) Turnip, kohlrabi
ocke, uck also, yes
Pfloom Plums, plums
Pieronstwo Trash, stuff, odds and ends see. water polish pjerůństwo
Plaue Baby buggy top, hood
Plot fool
plotschy act stupid
Prillkoasta radio from bellow box
Pooh Forest see. polish puszcza
Radbehr, Kastlaradbehr wheelbarrow
Ritsche stool
Schnakala Endearing word for grandchildren
six urinating
Sicherka Safety pin
Sträselkucha crumble cacke
Teppla, Tippla cooking pot
Chelotka Relatives / kin derogatory
Dip sauce
faithful dry
(uf-) kloben to collect see. pick

Geographical terms and place names

Practically all field and place names that can be found on official maps have a different counterpart in Silesian dialect. Here, primarily sound shifts are used; However, various terms differ so much that they are almost completely incomprehensible to a stranger.

Silesian dialect High German language
Brassel / Greetings Brassel Wroclaw
Beuthn on the Auder Beuthen on the Oder
Bunzel Bunzlau
Gerltz Goerlitz
Glootz / Glooz Bald
Gruttke Grottkau
Herschbrig / Herschbrich Hirschberg in the Giant Mountains
Lamrich Löwenberg in Silesia
Foliage Lauban
Liegnz Liegnitz
Potschke / Poatschke Patschkau
Rottwer Ratibor
Schimrich Schömberg
Shitzerland Schweidnitz
Strahla Chasing
Hipped / hipped Waldenburg
Zota Zobten on the mountains

Dialect care and poetry

Care of the dialect

Various homeland associations , especially choral and theater associations, have dedicated themselves to cultivating the Silesian language and traditional folk art for decades. As examples: Glatzer Mountain Association or the “ Archives for Silesian Dialect ” working group.

Lately, books in the dialect have been increasingly written, which contain especially poems, sayings and anecdotes from the region. As examples: (Gotthard Wendrich - Noch a bissel schläsisch, Senfkorn Verlag, 2005 or Jingla, Jingla, Kreiz Mei Backe! - 1st edition 2009, Verlag Jeschkowski).

Dialect literature

Since the end of the 19th century, the dialect has been particularly cultivated on both sides of the German-Bohemian border and poems, sayings and even dramas were written in it. Andreas Gryphius was the first Silesian dialect author ( Die beliebte Dornrose (1660), a peasant piece in Silesian dialect).

Well-known Silesian dialect authors

Leobschütz , memorial to the local poet Philo vom Walde

literature

  • Günter Bellmann: Schlesischer Sprachatlas (= German language atlas. Regional language atlases. No. 4). Edited by Ludwig Erich Schmitt . 2 volumes (Vol. 1: Sound and Forms Atlas. Vol. 2: Word Atlas . ). Elwert, Marburg 1965–1967.
  • Wolfgang Jungandreas : On the history of the Silesian dialect in the Middle Ages. Studies on the language and settlement in East Central Germany (= German studies: B. Schlesische Reihe. Volume 3). Breslau 1937 (Habilitation University of Breslau, 1933); Reprint, obtained from Wolfgang Kleiber, Mainz 1987.
  • Gundolf Keil, Josef Joachim Menzel (Hrsg.): Beginnings and development of the German language in medieval Silesia. Negotiations of the 8th Symposium from November 2nd to 4th in Würzburg 1989 (= Silesian Research. Publications of the Gerhard Möbus Institute for Silesian Research at the University of Würzburg. Volume 6). Sigmaringen 1995.
  • Walther Mitzka : Silesian dictionary. 3 volumes. De Gruyter, Berlin 1963-1965.
  • Will-Erich Peuckert : Schlesisch (= What is not in the dictionary . Vol. 7). Piper, Munich 1937.
  • Barbara Suchner : Silesian Dictionary. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 1996, ISBN 3-88042-766-6 .
  • Klaus Ullmann: Schlesien-Lexikon (= German landscapes in the lexicon. Volume 2). 3rd edition 1982. Adam Kraft, Mannheim, ISBN 3-8083-1161-4 .
  • Karl Weinhold : About German dialect research. The formation of sounds and words and the forms of the Silesian dialect. With regard to the related in German dialects. One try. Published by Carl Gerold and Son, Vienna 1853 ( digital copy ).
  • Karl Weinhold: Contributions to a Silesian dictionary. Appendix to Volume XIV of the Session Reports of the Philosophical-Historical Class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Vienna 1855.
  • Peter Wiesinger : Phonetic-phonological research on vowel development in German dialects. Volume 1 and 2 (= Studia Linguistica Germanica. Volume 2). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1970.

Web links

Test Wikipedia in Silesian
Commons : Silesian language  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Ullmann: Schlesien-Lexikon, 2nd volume of the series German Landscapes in Lexicon, 3rd edition 1982, Adam Kraft Verlag GmbH & Co. KG Mannheim, pp. 260-262.
  2. ↑ Klaus Ullmann: ibid
  3. ^ Wilhelm Menzel: How the Silesian speaks (Breslau dialect) ( Memento from March 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), seen on January 20, 2019
  4. ^ Franz-Josef Sehr : Professor from Poland in Beselich annually for decades . In: Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 2020 . The district committee of the district of Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg-Weilburg 2019, ISBN 3-927006-57-2 , p. 223-228 .
  5. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: website of the AK Archive for Silesian Dialect )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / schlesische-mundart.com
  6. ↑ Izabela Taraszczuk: The working group "Archives for Silesian Dialect" celebrated its 20th anniversary. [In:] "Schlesische Bergwacht", ed. by Christiane Giuliani. No. 6 of June 5, 2002, p. 245 (report on the spring meeting from April 12 to 14, 2002 in Wangen).
  7. ↑ Viktor Heeger in the Ostdeutschen Biographie, seen on January 20, 2019