Zielona Góra

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Zielona Góra
Grünberg
Zielona Góra coat of arms
Zielona Góra Grünberg (Poland)
Zielona Góra Grünberg
Zielona Góra
Grünberg
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lebus
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 278.32  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 56 ′  N , 15 ° 30 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 56 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 154 m npm
Residents : 140,874
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 65-001 to 65-980
Telephone code : (+48) 68
License plate : FZ
Economy and Transport
Street : S 3 ( E 65 ): Świnoujście ↔ Legnica
DK 27 : Przewóz ↔ Zielona Góra
DK 32 : Gubin ↔ Poznań
Rail route : PKP lines Wrocław – Szczecin
Zielona Góra – Żary
Next international airport : Zielona Góra-Babimost
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 278.32 km²
Residents: 140,874
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 506 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0862011
Administration (as of 2015)
City President : Janusz Kubicki
Address: ul.Podgórna 22
65-424 Zielona Góra
Website : www.zielona-gora.pl



Audio file / audio sample Zielona Góra ? / i [ ʑɛˈlɔna ˈɡura ],German Grünberg in Silesia, is a city with over 140,000 inhabitants and, along withGorzów Wielkopolski(Landsberg an der Warthe), one of the two capitals of thePolish Lubusz voivodeship. It is anindependent city,universitycityand Roman Catholicbishopric. In addition, Zielona Góra is the county seat of thepowiat Zielonogórski.

geography

Zielona Gora is located in the west of Poland and is historically in the northern Lower Silesia near the Oder , about 110 kilometers southwest of Poznan ( Posen ), about 140 kilometers northwest of Wroclaw ( Breslau ) and 85 kilometers northeast of Cottbus . The border with Germany is around 55 kilometers away. The urban area is hilly. The heights of the residential areas vary between almost 70 meters above sea level and 210 meters on the southwest edge of the city. Extensive forest areas, parks and other green spaces extend within the urban area.

Expansion of the urban area

After the incorporation of the rural community, Zielona Góra has a north-south extension of around 24 kilometers and an east-west extension of around 16.5 kilometers. The city covers a total of 278.32 square kilometers. Before the incorporation, the urban area covered an area of ​​58.34 square kilometers.

City structure

In 1961 the formerly independent villages Jędrzychów and Chynów were incorporated. Raculka followed in 1986.

In 2015, the following 17 places of the former rural municipality of Zielona Góra were incorporated. Lastly, it had 19,592 inhabitants (December 31, 2014) on an area of ​​around 220 square kilometers.

Neighboring communities

The city borders in a clockwise direction with the following municipalities: Sulechów , Zabór , Otyń , Kożuchów , Nowogród Bobrzański , Świdnica and Czerwieńsk .

history

Street with prayer house church, in the foreground an art installation

The city's beginnings go back to the early Middle Ages. Grünberg belonged to the Duchy of Glogau and was first mentioned in a document in 1302. At that time it already had town rights and soft image rights . According to a chronicle, the origins of the city are said to be a dairy farm built in 1222 , around which a settlement emerged. Around 1272 a castle was built northwest of Grünberg. The wooden complex was inhabited by Duke Johann von Steinau from 1358 to 1361/65 , after he had left his duchy to Heinrich V. von Sagan . During the occupation of the Duchy of Glogau, Hans von Sagan had the complex torn down so that it could not fall into the hands of Matthias Corvinus' troops . In 1323 Grünberg finally received full city rights. In 1335 the Duchy of Glogau passed to the Bohemian Crown and finally came under the rule of the Habsburgs in 1526. In 1627 the city burned down. In the 17th century, the witch trials began in the city. In 1740 Grünberg came to Prussia as part of Silesia. In the course of the centuries the cloth making trade developed strongly in the city, so that there were 800 cloth makers in Grünberg in the 17th century .

From 1816 Grünberg in Silesia was the administrative seat of the district of the same name in the administrative district of Liegnitz in the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Empire . Around 1900 the city of Grünberg had two Protestant churches, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a secondary school and a district court.

From 1919 to 1938 and from 1941 to 1945 Grünberg belonged to the Province of Lower Silesia . From April 1, 1922, the city formed its own urban district . The district freedom was lifted again on October 1, 1933, so that at the end of the Second World War the city was again part of the district of Grünberg i. Schles. was.

From 1941, at the time of National Socialism , the German Reich set up the two satellite camps Grünberg I and Grünberg II of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp .

Towards the end of the Second World War , Grünberg was occupied by the Red Army in February 1945 ; around 500 Germans committed suicide. As far as the residents had not fled, they were subsequently expelled from Grünberg by the local Polish administrative authority or later forcibly evacuated and Polish new settlers came to the village. In March 1945, the Poles introduced the place name Zielona Góra for Grünberg , which translates as green mountain .

Development in the city center
University headquarters

In 1950, Zielona Góra became the capital of the voivodeship of the same name , which existed with changes until 1998. In the post-war period, the city developed rapidly and numerous new residential areas emerged, including in the form of large housing estates in panel construction. In addition, a teacher training college and a political technical college were founded, both of which merged in 2001 into the University of Zielona Góra . In 1980 Zielona Góra exceeded the population of 100,000 and became a major city .

In the years after 1990 new industrial parks, single-family housing estates and shopping centers were built. At the same time, investments were made in the infrastructure. Zielona Góra has been the parliamentary seat of the Lubusz Voivodeship since 1999 .

On January 1, 2015, the rural community of Zielona Góra was incorporated into the city. As a result, the urban area has increased fivefold and the population has increased by around 20,000 people.

The Ulica Grottgera in the city center

Population development

Until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1890 16.092 thereof 13,753 Evangelicals, 2,071 Catholics and 192 Jews
1900 20,983 including 2,747 Catholics and 153 Jews
1925 24,898 thereof 21,021 Evangelicals, 3,079 Catholics, 45 other Christians and 69 Jews
1933 25,330 thereof 20,899 Evangelicals, 3,120 Catholics, five other Christians and 68 Jews
1939 25,804 thereof 20,890 Evangelicals, 3,384 Catholics, 173 other Christians and 15 Jews

After 1945

year Residents
1946 15,359
1950 33,852
1960 54.291
1970 73,404
1980 101.091
1990 114.126
year Residents Remarks
1995 116,329 an additional 13,167 in the rural community
2000 118.103 an additional 14,728 in the rural community
2005 118.221 an additional 16,128 in the rural community
2010 118,950 an additional 18,434 in the rural community
2011 119.197 an additional 18,798 in the rural community
2012 119.023 an additional 19,200 in the rural community
year Residents Remarks
2013 118.405 an additional 19,556 in the rural community
2014 118.920 an additional 19,592 in the rural community
2015 138.711 after incorporation of the rural community
2016 139,330
2017 139,819
2018 140.297

Religions

Until the end of the war in 1945, about 80 percent of Grünberg's population had the Protestant creed. After the expulsion, most of the Protestant churches were expropriated in favor of the Polish Catholic Church.

In today's Zielona Góra, the majority of the population is Roman Catholic. According to the incorporation of the surrounding villages, there are over 20 Catholic parishes as well as one Orthodox, Evangelical and Baptist parish in the city.

Zielona Góra is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Zielona Góra-Gorzów - but the cathedral is in Gorzów Wielkopolski . The main Catholic church of Zielona Góra is the St. Hedwig's co-cathedral (Konkatedra Św. Jadwigi) .

Culture and sights

Buildings

  • The town hall on the market square (Stary Rynek) with its 54 m high tower dates from the 15th century and was rebuilt in baroque and classicist forms in the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • On a vineyard near the city center is the palm house (Palmiarnia) . It emerged from the winegrower's house in 1961 and has been one of the city's landmarks ever since.
  • The Catholic parish church of St. Hedwig (Konkatedra Św. Jadwigi) is the oldest building in the city and was completed in 1294. Became Protestant with the Reformation, it has been a Catholic church again since 1651 and is now a co-cathedral of the Zielona Góra-Gorzów diocese .
  • The Catholic Church of the Holy Mother of God of Czestochowa (Kościół Matki Boskiej Częstochowskiej) was built from 1746 to 1748 as a half-timbered Protestant prayer house. In the 19th century, the stone, Schinkel front tower was added. It has been a Catholic parish church since 1945. There is a copy of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa in the main altar.
  • The former Protestant, now Catholic Church of the Redeemer (Kościół Najświętszego Zbawiciela) was built from 1915 to 1917.
  • Today's Evangelical Augsburg Church was built from 1909 to 1911 in neo-baroque style with a retracted tower for the Old Lutheran congregation based on a design by the architect Emil Friede (1857–1947) and, after a temporary Catholic use between 1945 and 1950, is now used by the Polish Protestant community.
  • The 35 m high Hunger Tower (Wieża głodowa) is a relic of the former defensive walls and was part of the third, New City Gate, which was built in 1487.

Museums and galleries

Museum of the Lubusz Land
  • In the city center is the Museum of the Lubusz Land (Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej) , a regional museum . The art gallery Galeria BWA is in the immediate vicinity .
  • Also in the city center, in the building of the former Wenus cinema , there is a planetarium . There is also a natural history museum (Centrum Przyrodnicze) .
  • In the southern district of Ochla there is an open-air museum of village culture, the so-called Ethnographic Open-Air Museum (Skansen Etnograficzny) on 117 hectares .
  • Since 1985 the Lubuskie Muzeum Wojskowe has been located in the suburb of Drzonów . An extensive exhibition on the military in Poland is shown in a building from the 19th century. In the 4-hectare outdoor area there are original exhibits of tanks, cannons, rockets and aircraft, mainly prototypes of models used in the Polish Army and Air Force .

Events

Downtown during the wine festival

Zielona Góra is known within Poland primarily for its viticulture traditions, which go back to the Middle Ages. Every year in September there is a wine festival (Winobranie) , which is also celebrated as a city festival lasting several days.

The city is also the venue for an international folklore festival and various cabaret festivals. Larger concerts and events often take place in the indoor sports arena Hala CRS or in the open-air stage, the amphitheater (Amfiteatr im. Anny German) . In the latter, the Soviet Song Festival (Festiwal Piosenki Radzieckiej) took place annually from 1965 to 1989 , which was reorganized in a similar form in later years as the Festival of Russian Song.

In addition, the city philharmonic orchestra (Filharmonia Zielonogórska) is not far from the old town .

Philharmonic

Theater and cinema

The largest theater in the region (Teatr Lubuski) is located in the pedestrian zone, Aleja Niepodległości .

The largest multiplex cinema in Zielona Góra is located in the Focus Mall and is operated by the Cinema City chain. With the Newa cinema, there is a smaller cinema in the city center, in which mainly independent films are shown. Up until a few years ago, other film theaters were represented in the city with the Nysa and Wenus cinema .

Piastowski Park

Parks

The largest city park is the Piastowski Park in the south-west of the city, which is directly connected to extensive forest areas. More centrally located is also the Tysiąclecia Park , which was created in 1966 on the area of ​​the former municipal cemetery.

The palm house on the vineyard is surrounded by Park Winny . Not far from there is another park, Sowińskiego Park .

In 2007 the botanical garden was rebuilt and opened.

On the northern outskirts, directly on the banks of the Oder, there is also the Oder Forest (Las Nadodrzański), a local recreation area.

Sports

Zielona Góra is the home of the ZK ( Zielona Góra speedway club (also known as Falubaz Zielona Góra ) from the Polish Ekstraliga . The sports club is a multiple Polish champion.

Stelmet Zielona Góra (also known as Zastal Zielona Góra ) is a basketball club that competes in the first Polish league and in the ULEB Eurocup and has been Polish champions and cup winners several times. Furthermore there is the football club KS Falubaz Zielona Góra, which plays in the 3rd Polish league , and the volleyball and handball club AZS UZ Zielona Góra.

Economy and Transport

traffic

Road traffic

East of the urban area extends the expressway S3 , at the same time European route 65 , which is an important compound in the north-south poles. There are two interchanges in Zielona Góra.

In addition, the national roads 27 and 32 run through the urban area, which touch them in the north-west. In 2006 this north-western bypass was completely completed. In addition, the national roads 280, 281, 282 and 283 start in the city and connect the surrounding area with Zielona Góra.

Rail transport

Zielona Góra has a train station with connections to numerous larger Polish cities, including several daily intercity connections to Warsaw , Wrocław ( Breslau ), Szczecin ( Stettin ) and Poznań ( Poznan ). There are several direct connections in regional traffic, such as in the direction of Żary ( Sorau ), Rzepin , Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg ) via Zbąszynek or to Leszno via Nowa Sól and Głogów (Glogau).

There are also connections to Görlitz three times a day , twice a day to Frankfurt (Oder) and once a day to Berlin-Lichtenberg ( regional train line 91).

In addition to the Zielona Góra Główna main train station , the Przylep , Stary Kisielin and Nowy Kisielin stops are located in the urban area .

The electrified main line Wrocław – Szczecin , which runs through the city, is also of great importance for freight traffic.

air traffic

The Zielona Góra-Babimost regional airport is 34 kilometers away . The nearest major international airports are those of Poznań (125 kilometers), Wrocław (155 kilometers) and Berlin (170 kilometers).

Local public transport

Local public transport is served by the MZK Zielona Góra bus network with around 30 bus routes and an additional 3 night bus routes. All MZK buses have been equipped with WiFi since 2013. The first electric buses have also been in use since the end of 2018.

The overland transport to the surrounding district towns and villages is mainly organized by the company PKS Zielona Góra.

Established businesses

Important companies in Zielona Góra are:

  • ADB (electronics and software)
  • LUG (lighting technology)
  • Lumel (electrical industry)
  • PGNiG (energy industry)
  • Stelmet (wood processing)
  • Falubaz (mechanical engineering)
  • Zastal (metal industry)
  • Novita (textile industry)
  • Streamsoft (IT)
  • Ekoenergetyka-Polska (construction of e-mobility infrastructure)
  • Wyborowa (production of spirits)
  • Nordis (food industry)
  • Cinkciarz.pl (financial services)
  • Eobuwie.pl (e-commerce)

labour market

In 2016, 75.6% of all employed persons worked in the service sector, 22.9% in construction and industry and 1.4% in agriculture and forestry.

The unemployment rate is 2.6% (April 2020). Since 2004, this represents a significant decrease from the previous 13.2%. The average gross salary in 2018 was around 4,420 zlotys.

retail trade

The largest shopping center in the city is the Focus Mall , which opened in 2008 and has around 110 shops and restaurants. There are also other, smaller shopping centers in the city, such as Galeria Grafitt or Meteor . Outside the city center there are numerous car dealerships, gas stations and hardware stores as well as larger supermarkets such as B. Auchan, Tesco, E. Leclerc and Intermarché. In the city center there are mostly owner-managed shops as well as numerous restaurants and cafes.

media

The most important daily newspapers in the city are Gazeta Lubuska and the regional edition of Gazeta Wyborcza . The free newspaper Nasze Miasto Zielona Góra appears twice a week . Other regional magazines are Łącznik Zielonogórski and Życie nad Odrą .

The stations of the public radio station Polskie Radio can be received in the city area on the following frequencies: Jedynka (105.0 MHz and 91.2 MHz), Dwójka (89.9 MHz and 104.7 MHz), Trójka (94.1 MHz and 87.8 MHz), PR 24 (104.0 MHz) and the regional program Radio Zachód (103.0 MHz and 106.0 MHz). In addition, the municipal program Radio Zielona Góra can be received on 97.1 MHz and the university station Radio Index on 96.0 MHz.

In addition, numerous private radio stations can be received, such as RMF FM , Radio ZET , Radio Eska , RMF Maxxx , Radio Złote Przeboje or Vox FM .

All common state and private television channels can also be received using DVB-T . In Zielona Góra there is a regional studio of TVP Gorzów Wielkopolski .

Viticulture

At Grünberg there is one of the largest contiguous wine-growing regions in Poland with around 200 hectares (there is another in Warka near Warsaw ). Mainly white wines are grown in Grünberg and the surrounding area . The first vineyards were built around 1314. 50 kilometers away, in the Paradies Monastery (Klasztor Paradyż) , monks established the first vineyards as early as 1250 . At the best of times there were over 4,000 in the area, and in Grünberg itself 2,500. The grapes were also used to make sparkling wine in the oldest German sparkling wine cellar , founded here in 1826 . A well-known white wine from this area is the Monte Verde ( Grünberg ).

During the times of socialism , viticulture came to a complete standstill. Since 1990 it has been increasingly used in the region. Today it is considered to be the northernmost closed wine-growing region in the world. A strong expansion of the Polish vineyards is planned for the medium future.

Mining

Grünberg has been mining lignite in civil engineering since 1840 , making it the oldest lignite mining in Silesia . Initially consisting of over 30 individual pits, the mines gradually merged between 1860 and 1920 to form the Consolidated Grünberger Pits . From 1930 onwards, mining became more and more difficult and costly due to the complex conditions of the deposits . In 1944 mining was stopped.

politics

City President

At the head of the city administration is a city ​​president who is directly elected by the population. Since 2006 this has been Janusz Kubicki.

In the 2018 election, Kubicki again ran his own election committee, which was also supported by the PSL , as city president. The vote brought the following result:

Kubicki was thus re-elected in the first ballot.

City council

The city council consists of 25 members and is directly elected. The 2018 city council election led to the following result:

Town twinning

Zielona Gora maintains the following thirteen cities partnerships :

city country since
Bistrița ROU BN Bistrita CoA.jpg RomaniaRomania Transylvania, Romania 2001
cottbus Coat of arms Cottbus.svg GermanyGermany Brandenburg, Germany 1975
Helmond Helmond wapen.svg NetherlandsNetherlands Noord-Brabant, Netherlands 1996
Ivano-Frankivsk Ivano-Frankivsk coa.png UkraineUkraine Ukraine 2016
Kraljevo Coat of arms of Kraljevo.jpg SerbiaSerbia Raška, Serbia 2009
L'Aquila Coat of Arms of L'Aquila, Italy.svg ItalyItaly Abruzzo, Italy 1996
Nitra Nitra CoA.svg SlovakiaSlovakia Slovakia 1992
Soltau DEU Soltau COA.svg GermanyGermany Lower Saxony, Germany 1997
Troyes Blason ville for Troyes.svg FranceFrance Grand Est, France 1970
Verden Verden coat of arms (Aller) .svg GermanyGermany Lower Saxony, Germany 1993
Vitebsk Coat of Arms of Viciebsk, Belarus.svg BelarusBelarus Belarus 2002
Wuxi China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Jiangsu, People's Republic of China 2008
Zittau Coat of arms of Zittau.svg GermanyGermany Saxony, Germany 2010

sons and daughters of the town

See also

literature

  • Otto Wolff : History of the city of Grünberg in Lower Silesia from its creation to the introduction of the Reformation . Weiss, Grünberg 1848 ( e-copy ).
  • Barbara Bielinis-Kopeć, Stanisław Kowalski, Małgorzata Lisiecka: Zabytki Zielonej Góry ( The Monuments of Zielona Góra ). Regionalne Centrum Animacji Kultury, Zielona Góra 2005, ISBN 83-8805957-2 .
  • Zbigniew Bujkiewicz: Krajobraz materialny i społeczny Zielonej Góry od końca XVIII do połowy XX wieku ( The material and social landscape of Grünberg from the end of the 18th to the half of the 20th century ). Archiwum Państwowe w Zielonej Górze & Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne Oddział w Zielonej Górze, Zielona Góra 2003, ISBN 83-8911523-9 .
  • Ernst Clauss (edit.): Guide through Grünberg in Silesia and its immediate surroundings . Levysohn, Grünberg 1928.
  • Ernst Clauss: Book of the city of Grünberg in Silesia. Fruit and vine city of the German east. Revised and supplemented the city stories by August Förster and Hugo Schmidt . 2nd Edition. Keppler, Frankfurt am Main 1964, DNB 450800679 .
  • Ernst Clauss (Hrsg.): City and district Grünberg in Silesia . Keppler Heusenstamm 1970, ISBN 3-87398-055-X .
  • Tomasz Czyżniewski: Zielona Góra przełomu wieków XIX / XX ( Grünberg at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries ). Księży Młyn, Łodź 2010, ISBN 978-83-7729-012-5 .
  • Jarochna Dąbrowska-Burkhardt (arrangement): The old Grünberg: Chronicle. Dawna Zielona Góra. Kronika . Fundacja “My w Europie”, Zielona Góra 2005, ISBN 83-921516-1-5 .
  • August Förster: From Grünberg's past . Levysohn, Grünberg in Schlesien 1900, DNB 573103933 .
  • Mirosław Kuleba: Ampelografia Zielonej Góry ( The Ampelography of Zielona Góra ). Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej, Zielona Góra 2005, ISBN 83-88336-49-5 .
  • Mieczysław Ostrowski (Ed.): Zielona Góra i okolice. Wędrówka śladami przeszłości. Grünberg and the surrounding area. In search of traces of the past . Verbum, Zielona Góra 1999. Translations by Robert Buczek, Jan Grzegorczyk and Tadeusz Zuchewicz, ISBN 83-909375-2-2 .
  • Hugo Schmidt: History of the city of Grünberg in Silesia . Grünberger Verlagsdruckerei Paul Keppler, Grünberg in Schlesien 1922. (online)
  • Erwin Stein (Ed.): Monographs of German Cities. Presentation of German cities and their work in business, finance, hygiene, social policy and technology. Volume XXIX: Grünberg in Silesia (in collaboration with Lord Mayor Dr. Busse). Deutscher Kommunal-Verlag, Berlin-Friedenau 1928. (online)
  • Hieronim Szczegóła, Mieczysław Ostrowski (eds.): Znanizielonogórzanie XIX i XX wieku ( The well-known Grünbergers of the 19th and 20th centuries ). Translations by Tadeusz Zuchewicz. Verbum, Zielona Góra 1996, ISBN 83-901114-2-X .
  • Izabela Taraszczuk: Grünberg and Meseritz honor the cultural heritage of German and Polish Jews . In: "Schlesien heute", No. 7/2013, ed. from Senfkorn Verlag Alfred Theisen in Görlitz, pp. 48–49.
statistics
  • Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of all villages, towns, cities and other places in the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia . Breslau 1830, pp. 935-936.
  • Friedrich Gottlieb Eduard Anders: Statistics of the Protestant Church in Silesia . Glogau 1848, pp. 428-432.
Viticulture
  • Mirosław Kuleba: Topografia winiarska Zielonej Góry ( The winemaking topography of Zielona Góra ). Organizacja Pracodawców Ziemi Lubuskiej, Zielona Góra 2010, ISBN 978-83-932131-0-8 .
  • Izabela Taraszczuk: The renaissance of winemaking traditions in Grünberg / Zielona Góra in Lower Silesia . In: "Schlesien heute", No. 10/2012, ed. from Senfkorn Verlag Alfred Theisen in Görlitz, ISSN  1436-5022 , pp. 60-61.
  • Przemysław Karwowski (ed.): Lubuski Szlak Wina i miodu ( Lebuser wine and honey road / Lubuski Trail of Wine and Honey ). Translations by Jerzy Bielerzewski and Janusz Strzelecki. Zielonogórskie Stowarzyszenie Winiarskie, Zielona Góra 2009.
  • Bogdan Kres: Zarys dziejów winiarstwazielonogórskiego ( The Grünberg winemaking. A floor plan ). Poznań / Zielona Góra 1966.
  • Andrzej Toczewski: Tradycjezielonogórskiego winiarstwa ( Traditions of Grünberger winemaking ). Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej, Zielona Góra 2001, ISBN 83-909342-9-9 .
  • Andrzej Toczewski: Zielonogórskie Winobrania ( The Grünberger grapes . German and Polish). Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej, Zielona Góra 2006, ISBN 83-88426-29-X .
Grünberg in art and literature
  • Rok nazielonogórskiej winnicy w obrazach Doroty Komar-Zmyślony ( A year on the Grünberg vineyard in the paintings of Dorota Komar-Zmyślony ). Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej, Zielona Góra 2006, ISBN 83-88426-13-3 .
  • Krzysztof Fedorowicz: Grünberg . Historical novel. Libron, Kraków 2012 (Translation of poems: Krzysztof Fedorowicz, Julian Simonjetz and Izabela Taraszczuk), ISBN 978-83-62196-73-9 .

Web links

Commons : Zielona Góra  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Zielona Góra  - travel guide
Wikisource: Grünberg in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ City website, Prezydent Miasta Zielona Góra , accessed March 9, 2015
  3. ↑ Hanna Kurowska: Liczba mieszkańców Zielonej Góry w latach 1945-2010 (p. 153) ( Polish ) 2013. Accessed on May 18, 2020.
  4. ↑ a b c Anna Bazan-Krzywoszańska: Rozwój społeczno - przestrzenny Zielonej Góry po 1945 r. (P. 124ff) ( Polish ) 2011. Retrieved on March 29, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Bank Danych Lokalnych - Gmina wiejska Zielona Góra - Ludność wg grup wieku i płci ( Polish ) Główny Urząd Statystyczny (CIS). Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  6. ↑ Otto Wolff: History of the city of Grünberg in Lower Silesia from its creation to the introduction of the Reformation . Weiss, Grünberg 1848, p. 33.
  7. ↑ Heinrich Roch: Neue Laußnitz-, Bohemian, and Silesian Chronica, or all kinds of memorable and remarkable cases of misfortune and mourning, so in the Marggraffthum Lausitz, its gracing, neighboring kingdoms of Bohemia and principalities of Silesia, in the next three hundred and six and eighty years ago. Kloss, Leipzig 1687, p. 270. (800 cloth makers in Grünberg, city fire)
  8. ↑ City history . Polsko-Niemieckie Centrum Promocji i Informacji Turystycznej. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  9. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 443.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Beck Verlag, 2005.
  11. ↑ Isabell Sprenger: Groß-Rosen. A concentration camp in Silesia. Böhlau Verlag, 1997.
  12. ↑ Beate Lakotta: Bury it deep, don't touch it . SPON . March 5, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  13. ↑ Ordinance of 2014
  14. ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. gruenberg.html # ew39gbzggrnbrg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  15. ↑ Anna Bazan-Krzywoszańska: Rozwój społeczno - przestrzenny Zielonej Góry po 1945 r. (P. 35) ( Polish ) 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  16. ↑ a b c d e Hanna Kurowska: Liczba mieszkańców Zielonej Góry w latach 1945-2010 (p. 150) ( Polish ) 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bank Danych Lokalnych - Powiat m. Zielona Góra - Ludność wg grup wieku i płci ( Polish ) Główny Urząd Statystyczny (CIS). Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  18. ↑ Visit Zielona Góra - Botanical Garden . Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  19. ↑ Zielona Góra: Bezpłatny internet w każdym autobusie ( Polish ) Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  20. ↑ 26 autobusów elektrycznych już na ulicach Zielonej Góry. ( Polish ) Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  21. ↑ Polska w liczbach - Zielona Góra - Pracujący według sektorów ekonomicznych ( Polish ) December 31, 2016. Accessed May 17, 2020.
  22. ↑ Ludność i rynek pracy ( Polish ) April 30, 2020. Accessed May 17, 2020.
  23. ↑ Zielona Góra - Rynek pracy w pigułce ( Polish ) Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  24. ↑ W którym lubuskim powiecie zarabia się najwięcej ( Polish ) August 19, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  25. ↑ O centrum - Focus Mall Zielona Góra ( Polish ) Accessed March 29, 2018.
  26. ↑ Polish Drinks ( Memento from July 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  27. ↑ See 6 , Nancy Waldmann: Zielona Góras winemakers will soon be able to serve their own grape juice. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. September 13, 2008.
  28. ^ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on August 1, 2020.
  29. ^ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on August 1, 2020.
  30. ↑ Zielona Góra - Internetowy Serwis Miejski - Miasta partnerskie. Retrieved April 24, 2020 .
  31. ^ City partnerships - City of Cottbus . Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  32. ^ City of Soltau - twin cities . Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  33. ^ Mario Heinke: The Seventh Twin City for Zittau . In: Sächsische Zeitung , local edition Zittau . November 4, 2016, p. 9 ( sächsische.de [accessed November 30, 2018]).