Amelinghausen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
|---|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 53 ° 8 ' N , 10 ° 13' E |
|
| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Luneburg | |
| Joint municipality : | Amelinghausen | |
| Height : | 62 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 27.26 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 4039 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 148 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 21385 | |
| Area code : | 04132 | |
| License plate : | LG | |
| Community key : | 03 3 55 002 | |
| LOCODE : | DE AGH | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Lüneburger Strasse 50 21385 Amelinghausen |
|
| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Claudia Kalisch | |
| Location of the community Amelinghausen in the district of Lüneburg | ||
  |
||
Amelinghausen is a municipality and the administrative seat of the Amelinghausen municipality in the Lüneburg district in Lower Saxony ( Germany ).
geography
The community is located in the middle of the Lüneburg Heath Nature Park . To the east of Amelinghausen, the upper reaches of the Lopau are dammed up to the Lopausee , which is used for tourism.
Community structure
The districts of the municipality are:
- Amelinghausen
- Stretching
- Etzen
history
Early history
The place "Amelinghausen" was first mentioned on May 22, 1293. The first people in this area were wandering hunters and gatherers around 15,000 BC. They followed the herds of reindeer coming from the west, which offered a new habitat here due to the more moderate climate (previously Ice Age ), into today's Lüneburg Heath. The beginnings of the constant settlements are in the Neolithic . About 3700 BC BC, there were the first settlements of arable farmers on the Luhe . A permanent settlement of today's Lüneburg Heath from the younger Bronze Age (1100–800 BC), through the early Iron Age (600–800 BC) and the pre-Roman Iron Age (600 BC - Christ's birth), to to the Migration Period (2nd – 6th centuries AD) can be proven at existing graves.
One of the most famous burial grounds dates back to the Neolithic Age, lies in a restored heather and is now called " Oldendorfer Totenstatt ". Numerous graves are united there ( burial mounds , urn cemeteries and large stone graves ).
Origin of name
The name of the community goes back to Bishop Amelung von Verden . Amelung is said to have worshiped Hippolytus of Rome and named the church after him. The ending "-hausen" comes from research into the naming of the younger settlements (after 800 AD) from the Bardengau , since local endings such as -burg, -hagen, -ingen, -rode or -husen (-hausen) only emerged in Franconian times.
Middle Ages and Modern Times
The riches of the bishop, etc. a. the so-called Junkernhof did not belong to the diocese of Verden after his death in 962, but was drafted by his brother Hermann Billung († 973), which later led to the ban on the church .
Amelinghausen was a bailiwick comprising 16 villages, which was subordinate to the Grand Bailiwick of Winsen an der Luhe , previously a place of jurisdiction with its own jurisdiction a. a. also a wooden branded dish.
The persecution of witches from 1603 to 1616 falls under the responsibility of the Duchess Dorothea . She let various "witches" "burn on the high mountain after passing hard exams and water tests in Moisburg". These are some of the last witch trials in Lower Saxony . Two of the women who ended up at the stake in Winsen (1611) were the sisters Anneke and Barbara Stehr from Amelinghausen. How this came about and what then happened to them, reported the cantor Heinrich Schulz from Egestorf in the "Lüneburg district calendar".
On Sunday, June 7th, 1818, a conflagration occurred in Amelinghausen, as the annual chronicle printed in the second volume of the “Vaterländischer Archiv” shows. The fire devastated the old part of the village in just under two hours. Pastor Jakob Heinrich Grewe, who was in office in Amelinghausen at the time, left a detailed report on the tragic event. The very old church of the village with the round stone tower built in 1501 was destroyed in this disaster.
Administrative history
The administration under the Saxons
Administrative divisions at that time were so-called Gaue with sub-districts, the so-called Gohen. Amelinghausen belonged to the Bardengau , this included the district of Lüneburg and parts of Harburg, as well as Soltau and Uelzen . The Goh Amelinghausen comprised the area from the upper Luhe to the lower Lopau. The law in the Gohen was spoken by the so-called "Gau" or "Gohgrafen". They were elected into office by the Saxon judicial community.
At the head of a district stood a man elected from the group of nobles. At the end of the 8th century, the Frankish emperor Charlemagne let the old district division exist, but put imperial officials in place of the chosen leaders. This led to the fact that the counts received the entire administration including the jurisdiction. The positions and possessions of the counts became hereditary over time.
The regional development of the Lüneburg country
The later Emperor Otto I appointed Count Hermann Billung as Duke of the Saxons in 961 . The new duke built his castle on the Lüneburg Kalkberg. From now on Lüneburg was the center of his domain. After the death of the Verden bishop Amelung , who was a brother of Hermann Billung, the Verden monastery laid claim to the property of Amelung. Duke Hermann Billung did not agree and claimed his brother's property for himself, although he was probably banished from the church as a result. The duchy passed to Lothar von Supplinburg in 1106 . Through Lothar's prestige and wealth, filled with power, it was passed to the Guelphs in 1137 and reached its climax under Henry the Lion , but also came to an end. In 1235 the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg was transferred to the Guelph Otto. Otto's sons, Albrecht and Johann, divided Braunschweig-Lüneburg into the principalities of Braunschweig and Lüneburg in 1267. Lüneburg remained in the hands of Duke Johann's descendants until 1359. On May 25, 1428 the Guelph property was redistributed in Celle . Duke Bernhard and his son Otto received the Principality of Lüneburg . The principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel got Bernhard's brother.
The official constitution in Lüneburg
The Saxon district division was gradually replaced by the so-called official constitution. The beginnings of the official constitution in the Lüneburg principality go back to the 14th century. In the course of the 13th century, the Guelph dukes created administrative units . The center of the new districts was a castle, in which the most important man was the bailiff. The renewed administrative system worked surprisingly well, because the bailiffs at that time were ducal officials and were granted land ownership by the dukes. In the 16th century there was a centralization and systematization of the previous administration. The expansion of the Lüneburg official constitution also took place in the 16th century. The entire principality of Lüneburg was divided into a total of 29 offices at the end of the 18th century.
The Amelinghausen sphere of influence
The name “Vogtei Amelinghausen” at that time can be found for the first time in the treasury register of 1450. In the treasury register a tax of the residents of the district belonging to the sphere of control was registered once a year. The Bailiwick of Amelinghausen appears in the treasury register with the addition "Uppe der Tecche", which, according to Hammerstein Loxten's presumption, comes from the time before the destruction of the castle on the Lüneburg Kalkberg , in which, in his opinion, the acceptance point for the village Taxes from this area are located. The following 39 villages belonged to the Vogtei Amelinghausen in the 15th century: Munster, Ilster, Kohlenbissen, Schmarbeck, Trauen, Creutzen, Bispingen, Behringen, Haverbeck, Ehrhorn, Wilsede, Evendorf, Hörpel, Volkwardingen, Borstel, Hützel, Steinbeck, Garlstorf, Toppenstedt, Putensen, Südergellersen, Drögennindorf, Betzendorf , Diersbüttel , Rehlingen, Holtorf, Ehlbeck, Dehnsen, Etzen, Wohlenbüttel, Oldendorf, Marxen, Harlsem, Schwindebeck, Sottorf, Soderstorf, Rolfsen, Wetzen and Amelinghausen.
Amelinghausen's magistrates
The office bailiffs were employed by the law firm in Celle . The first six bailiffs were: Hans von Iburg, Harman Lucht, Joachim Brabandt, Fritz Eltze, Viktor Dolle and Peter Oberg.The names of the first six bailiffs are known from a letter from the later bailiff Enckhausen dated August 12, 1646.
The reorganized administration from 1810 to 1866
Despite its existence until 1885, the official administration was interrupted during the Napoleonic era . The French prefectural system was transferred to German territory in 1810. This system had four types of administrative or judicial districts. The largest was the department, which was faced with a prefect and alongside which a general secretary worked. Above that stood the Prefectural Council, consisting of three to four members, which dealt with the administration of justice in disputed administrative matters. The department was divided into individual districts. The smallest units were the communes or municipalities. 25-30 villages or communes were combined to form a mairie . The mayor was at the head of a mairie. Then there were the cantons, which comprised around 5,000 inhabitants. Most of the Amelinghausen Bailiwick belonged to the Mairie Behringen from July 4, 1811. A reorganization of the then Hanoverian official constitution came into effect on October 1, 1852. Since then, administration and judiciary have been separate.
The development of the administration under Prussian influence
The administration and the judiciary remained in their old form despite the annexation of the Prussians . The Prussian state considered a special administrative level between the office and the Landdrostei necessary. In Lüneburg , Prussia set up seven such circles. The resulting district area was divided into larger landowners, delegates from cities and delegates from rural communities. In 1928 the district of Lüneburg was reduced to 71 rural communities. At the head of the district created in 1867 was a district administrator , who, however, was not an elected president, but a Prussian official. From 1885 to 1919, half of the members of the Lüneburg district council were elected by the rural community and half by the larger rural landowners. Due to the common division , coupling and releasing of duties at the time , the position of the farmers changed immensely in the 19th century. After an eternally long state and landlord administration of interests, communal autonomy developed . In 1875 registry offices were set up in all German cities. There were three classes of voters who were allowed to elect the mayor of the board of a community meeting. One class comprised the residents who did not own any property. Therefore, the number of votes of the non-owners at the time could not exceed a third of the other two classes. After the First World War there was universal and equal voting rights . The women were entitled to vote for the first time.
The development of the administration from 1918 to 1945
In Germany, the monarchy no longer existed after the First World War. On January 19, 1919, the German National Assembly was elected in Weimar . Seven months later, Reich President Friedrich Ebert signed the Weimar Constitution, which completely changed the previous German Reich . From now on Germany was a democratic republic. The administrative structure, however, remained the same. From now on, the entire population was allowed to take part in the elections . The burdens of the Versailles Treaty , inflation in 1923 and the global economic crisis in 1929 made life more and more difficult for the population and left the government of the time hardly a chance to strengthen itself. The problems of this time were also evident in Amelinghausen. During the inflation year, the municipality had difficulties determining the mayor's remuneration due to the rapid inflation . In Prussia , after the consolidation of the democratically constituted German state, there were renewed efforts to reform the administration. The administrative structure at that time lost more and more of its influence, due to the established National Socialist organization. Each post of the new rulers was filled twice. Therefore, the district president worked with the Gauleiter, the district administrator with the district leader and the mayor with the local group leader. This double occupation remained in Amelinghausen until 1936. According to the municipal protocol books, Hermann Worthmann was Mayor of Amelinghausen until January 20, 1936. Gustav Exner took over his office in the course of this year, which he carried out without interruption until the end of the Second World War . After 1936 the district president elected the mayor, the alderman and the municipal councilors. Before that, however, a preselection took place, which was carried out by a representative of the NSDAP . After the end of the Second World War, the German Reich collapsed, which meant that statehood was no longer available in Germany.
Incorporations
On July 1, 1970, the community of Sottorf was incorporated. Etzen was added on March 1, 1974.
politics
| Local election | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party / list | Share of votes | Seats | Share of votes | Seats | Share of votes | Seats |
| CDU | 42.6% | 6th | 38.1% | 6th | 34.3% | 5 |
| SPD | 25.8% | 4th | 30.4% | 5 | 34.7% | 5 |
| Green | 15.0% | 2 | 23.3% | 3 | 22.4% | 4th |
| FDP | 16.6% | 3 | 8.3% | 1 | 8.6% | 1 |
| total | 100% | 15th | 100% | 15th | 100% | 15th |
| voter turnout | 57.2% | 61.1% | 64.4% | |||
The municipality of Amelinghausen belongs to the state electoral district 49 Lüneburg and to the federal electoral district 38 Lüchow-Dannenberg-Lüneburg . The council of the municipality of Amelinghausen consists of 15 councilors.
Municipal council
The municipal council is re-elected every five years. The most recent municipal election took place on September 11, 2016. The table on the right shows their result and that of the two previous elections.
mayor
On December 19, 1946, in Amelinghausen, in addition to the mayor, who had to be elected from the ranks of the municipal council members according to the new municipal ordinance, a municipal director was also elected. This also created a separation between the decision-making and executive bodies in the municipal administration. Hermann Dierssen became the first political mayor, while Heinrich Stegen, the newly elected municipal director, was entrusted with the continued operation of the business.
However, this personal separation initially only lasted a short time. In 1949 Hermann Bartels was elected mayor and community leader in personal union. His term of office was one of the longest in Amelinghausen - it ended in 1966, after 17 years. From January 25, 1949 to March 1, 1971, both offices were held in personal union again, until the areas were divided again on March 2, 1971 with the election of the municipality director Günter Hoffmann.
Claudia Kalisch is currently the mayor.
coat of arms
Blazon : "In gold (yellow) over a red shield base, this covered with a golden (yellow) branch with three golden (yellow) acorns, a growing red-armored blue lion, holding a red sword in his right paw."
The coat of arms was approved by the Lower Saxony Minister of the Interior in 1953. It shows the Guelph lion of the Lüneburgers and in the paw the sword of the Billung family , who are considered to be the founders of the place. The acorns represent the heather farms and the three districts of Amelinghausen, Dehnsen and Etzen.
Community partnerships
Amelinghausen has partnerships with Geringswalde (Saxony), Wapno (Poland) and Kardos (Hungary) .
Culture and sights
The Amelinghausen heather blossom festival is the largest folk festival in the Lüneburg district. The heather queen is chosen at this festival every year in August. The most famous former heather queen is Jenny Elvers .
Hippolite Church
The name of the church probably comes from Bishop Amelung von Verden , who venerated Hippolytus of Rome and for this reason named the church after him. The first wooden church building was possibly built by Frankish settlers in the 9th century or by Amelung in the 10th century.
In 1170 this was then replaced by a field stone building, in 1501 a round tower made of field stones was added.
In 1750, a half-timbered building was built as the third church, which was destroyed by the fire of 1818, only the current north wall of the church remained.
1818–20 Reconstruction in the classicism style, in 1895 a neo-Gothic tower was added by Richard Kampf , city architect in Lüneburg.
Opening times: in summer daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Service: every Sunday at 10 a.m.
Heath blossom festival
The heather blossom festival in Amelinghausen is a traditional festival that arose out of a festive mood in 1949. The members of the male choir voted “Gerda Thömen” as their heather queen at a singing festival . Just one year later, the first official heather blossom festival was celebrated on the Kronsberg. The first official heather blossom festival lasted three days.
Meanwhile, the heather blossom festival is one of the largest festivals in the region of the Lüneburg Heath Nature Park in Amelinghausen. The festival, which takes place every year in mid-August, has probably developed into the largest folk festival in the district in the course of its more than 60-year history. Today in Amelinghausen and the surrounding area the “5th Season "called. The extensive festival program with a variety of events lasts over nine days. Every year, thousands of visitors come to Amelinghausen in mid-August to attend the first heather festival of the heather blossom season. The heather blossom festival always ends on the penultimate Sunday in August and begins eight days before.
The opening event at Lopausee, the “lake is burning”, usually takes place on the second Saturday in August. In addition to an impressive height and brilliant fireworks display at the end of the event and a water organ on the lake, there are various music and dance performances. One of the highlights of the evening is Northern Germany's largest open-air laser show over the lake.
During the heather blossom festival, both Sundays, the third and the penultimate Sunday in August, are open for shopping. The shops in Amelinghausen offer interesting promotions and a play and fun mile for children. In the course of the week, further cultural events of the local associations follow, which mostly take place in the evening hours. The famous Heidebock election, which has been celebrated since 1955, is particularly well known. Several bachelors duel - accompanied by the battle cry "Heide-Bock, Heide-Bock, Heide-Bock, Bock, Bock" in various actions. Each of the Heidebock candidates tries to win the audience over to achieve his goal of being elected as Heidebock in the end.
The penultimate Sunday in August is dedicated to the traditionally chosen heather queen. In addition to the election event on the Kronsberg, there will be a parade through the town of Amelinghausen in honor of the new queen. The heather queen must prevail in the election against sometimes more than ten other contestants. The residence of the heather queen candidate should be near Amelinghausen. Further prerequisites are naturalness, charm and of course a little courage to introduce yourself to the jury and the audience. Once the heather queen has been elected, she is allowed to lead the parade and lead through the streets of Amelinghausen.
traffic
Amelinghausen's traffic is oriented towards Lüneburg, which is where Bundesstraße 209 leads. The closest passenger stop is in Brockhöfe on the Uelzen – Bremen line . The Amelinghausen-Sottorf station on the Lüneburg – Soltau railway line , where passenger service was discontinued in 1977, is now served by freight trains a few times a week.
Religions
The Evangelical Lutheran Hippolyt Church (see culture and sights), which was built in its present form in the 19th century, is located in the center of Amelinghausen. It belongs to the parish of Lüneburg in the Lüneburg district .
The Catholic St. Godehard Church was built in 1962 on Gärtnerweg. Initially a branch church of the parish of Egestorf , it has belonged to the parish of St. Marien in Lüneburg since 2006 .
In Sottorf, which belongs to Amelinghausen, is the Pella church on Oldendorfer Straße . It is an independent Evangelical Lutheran Church (SELK).
people
- Joachim Bauck (1941–2009); lived and worked on site
- Ilka Brüggemann (* 1968); grew up in Amelinghausen
- Jenny Elvers (* 1972); lived in the village and was queen of the heather blossom festival in 1990
literature
- Dietmar Gehrke: Archaeological walks through the Amelinghausen community . Amelinghausen 2007.
- Kai Rump: Crown of the Heath - The heather blossom festival in Amelinghausen . Amelinghausen 2006.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ Nds. StA Wolfenbüttel, 140 A, No. 19.
- ↑ Superstition and witch hunt. In: Matthias Blazek: Witches Trials - Gallows Mountains - Executions - Criminal Justice in the Principality of Lüneburg and in the Kingdom of Hanover. Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-89821-587-3 , p. 49 ff.
- ^ Matthias Blazek: The fire extinguishing system in the area of the former Principality of Lüneburg from the beginnings to 1900. Adelheidsdorf 2006, ISBN 3-00-019837-7 , p. 184.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 233 and 234 .
- ^ Result of local elections 2011 Amelinghausen community ( Memento from August 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ https://www.samtgemeinde-amelinghausen.de/Portaldata/1/Resources/lopautal_nachrichten/lopautal_nachrichten_2016/10-16_Lopautaler_low.pdf Election result in the Lopautaler Nachrichten
- ↑ http://amelinghausen.de/fileadmin/pdfs/uebersicht_rat_amelinghausen.pdf (link not available)
- ↑ Brigitte Hense: Chronicle Amelinghausen 1293 to 1993 . Ed .: Amelinghausen community. Amelinghausen: Amelinghausen community.
- ↑ The coat of arms of the Amelinghausen community
Cities: Bleckede | Luneburg . Other communities: Adendorf | Amelinghausen | Neuhaus Office | Artlenburg | Bardowick | Barendorf | Barnstedt | Barum | Betzendorf | Boitze | Brietlingen | Dahlem | Dahlenburg | German Evern | Echem | Embsen | Handorf | Hittbergen | Hohnstorf (Elbe) | Kirchgellersen | Lüdersburg | Mechtersen | Melbeck | Nahrendorf | Networks | Oldendorf (Luhe) | Broken wheel | Rehlingen | Reinstorf | Reppenstedt | Rullstorf | Scharnebeck | Soderstorf | Südergellersen | Thomasburg | Tosterglope | Vastorf | Birds | Wendisch Evern | Westergellersen | Wittorf .